Museum of English Rural Life.

https://rdg.ent.sirsidynix.net.uk/client/en_GB/merl/search/results?qu=18th+century&qf=UR_FORMAT%09Format%09OBJECT%09Object&lm=MERL2&isd=true

FOOD IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY TIDEWATER VIRGINIA

https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/26153/LD5655.V856_1982.S772.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

FOOD IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY TIDEWATER VIRGINIA:
A METHOD FOR STUDYING HISTORICAL CUISINES
by
Maryellen Spencer
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
in
Human Nutrition and Foods
My sincere thanks to Spence over at the Minuteman Forum for this link.


If you have trouble loading this link, keep trying. I had to go away & leave it for a while, when I tried later it loaded just fine. This is a PDF, so you can download a copy if you wish.

Keith.

Two good 18th Century Forums worth Joining.

The Woodsrunner Forum: http://neclhg.freeforums.net/

The Minuteman Forum: http://minuteman.boards.net/

A Hand Carved Wooden Spoon for Xmas.

My youngest son carved this spoon for me for Xmas. Carved from pear wood.

New Additions To My Equipment.

17th-century Jamestown settlers unwind silk fiber from cocoons

detail of a painting by NPS artist Sydney King

I know, usually I am looking to remove things from my knapsack, but I had a reason to add some things recently. A long time ago a close friend sent me some spools of silk thread, & I had never got round to winding this silk thread onto a thread winder. I didn't want to make the common thread winder, because I didn't think this would fit my persona to have more than one of these period winders, so I made two winders out of some rawhide. I am not likely to use this silk thread for sewing, as I have plenty of linen thread for that purpose, but I had thought to try using it as fishing line & for tying flies.
Sewing thread was sold in skeins, & then wound onto thread winders.

Skein of silk thread.

http://bebetaian.blogspot.com/2012/10/for-sale-nishijin-silk-thread-orange.html;

The two crudely made rawhide silk thread winders that I made.

I am unlikely to use this silk thread for sewing, as I have plenty of linen thread for that purpose, but I thought to try this silk thread for fishing line & for tying flies.

The second item is a small parts pouch. I have no documentation for this, just my own personal need to have some sort of container to put the parts of my fusil into when I am stripping it down in the forest. This pouch is made of leather, & I intend to tie it to the trigger guard of my fusil.

My gun parts pouch.

Crusoe's Plunder. Author's Design.

Crusoe's Plunder.

Tools Of The Trade UPDATE.

I have updated my equipment of late, I removed the pewter bolster from my hunting knife & fitted a new handle. This one as you can see is antler. Also shown is my fairly new clasp knife.

Keith.

A Forum for 18th Century Enthusiasts, Living Historians & Woodsrunners.

http://neclhg.freeforums.net/

1733 Hudson Bay Trade Goods.

In 1733 at the Albany Post, the Hudson’s Bay Company sold goods at the following rates:  

Item	#MB		Item	#MB
¾ pound coloured beads	1		1 file	1
1 brass kettle	1		20 gunflints	1
1 pound lead	1		1 gun [probably a musket]	10-12
1 ½ pounds gunpowder	1		1 pistol	4
2 pounds sugar	1		1 gun-worm	1
2 pounds “Brazil” tobacco	1		1 pair yarn gloves	1
1 ½ pounds leaf tobacco	1		2 goggles	1
1 ½ pounds roll tobacco	1		1 handkerchief	1
1 pound thread	1		1 hat	1
1 ½ ounce vermillion	1		2 hatchets	1
1 gallon brandy	1		8 hawk bells	1
2 yards broad cloth	1		2 ice chisels	1
1 blanket	1		8 knives	1
12 awls	1		2 looking glasses	1
12 dozen buttons	1		12 needles	1
1 pair breeches	1		2 net lines	1
2 combs	1		2 powderhorns	1
2 red feathers	1		6 plain rings	1
20 fish hooks	1		3 stone rings	1
4 fire steels	1		2 scrapers	1
2 sword blades	1		1 pair stockings	1 ¼
4 spoons	1		2 sashes	1
2 shirts	1		6 thimbles	1
1 pair shoes	1		2 tobacco boxes	1

The Hudson's Bay Company eventually introduced coins to facilitate the fur trade. The coins were minted of brass or copper and were issued in units of Made Beaver. The coins were paid to the Indian hunter for the furs he brought in.  The coins could then be spent like cash inside the Hudson's Bay Company store.

In 1821 Nicholas Garry of the Hudson’s Bay Company writes about his trade in the Hudson Bay drainage basin and stated:      

1 hatchet = 2 beaver

 1 trade gun=11 beaver

 1 3-gallon kettle=6 beaver

Beaver at this time were worth about $6 and a small axe could be purchased in Montreal for 50 cents or less. 

http://www.mman.us/tradegoods.htm 

Historical Trekking. The Advantages of using a Copper Water Bottle. Purification.

Copper water bottle on the far left.

https://vasantihealth.com/blogs/news/the-truth-about-storing-water-in-copper-vessels-debunking-the-myths

https://www.copperh2o.com/blogs/blog/copper-water-bottles-and-scientific-research

18th Century Angling. Hand lines & fishing poles.

Below: 17th & 18th century Fishing poles with fixed lines.

You will note that these fixed lines were often very short, the pole being used to drop the line away from the bank.

Below: Hand lines tied on bush poles 19th century.

Below:18th Century hand lines.

Hand Line Fishing 17th & 18th Century.

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=qyYRbGzqn08C&pg=PA126&lpg=PA126&dq=hand+line+fishing+18th+century&source=bl&ots=ej8QrPLFNG&sig=rXsDg2aL77LGnS7Nsqpypal9kmA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja87LDj9HYAhUMt1MKHcNnCU8Q6AEIZjAO#v=onepage&q=hand%20line%20fishing%2018th%20century&f=false

http://www.historicanglingenterprises.com/

http://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/canp1/ca03beng.shtml

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=wkd3JHwDnKgC&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=fixed+line+fishing+in+the+18th+century&source=bl&ots=13KVZeLjAT&sig=jHys4yZEqPw7V0R2j37I-DW71A8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjEjZ3is9HYAhXCuVMKHfYLC-UQ6AEIYTAL#v=onepage&q=fixed%20line%20fishing%20in%20the%2018th%20century&f=false

ISLAND CARIB FISHING TECHNIQUES6 French observers of the 17th and 18th centuries, including some excellent anglers, unanimously admired the fishing skills of the Island Caribs. These Indians, who expertly sought out productive banks and deeps (Breton 1665: 131- 132 S.V. chbbi, 355 S.V. minroua), even had a word translatable only as ‘(reproach to a man who does not know how to fish” (Breton 1665: 59 S.V. miticati. oue). Island Caribs frequently fished with handlines from their dugout canoes.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1966.68.6.02a00020/pdf

http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/cultureheritage/10131abwfish.pdf

As you can see from above, period paintings of inland fishing always show the use of fixed lines on poles. However, it is evident that there were hand lines in use in the 18th century & earlier, in fact this method is probably one of the oldest methods of fishing. Travellers are not likely to have carried poles with them, these poles with fixed lines were used by city & towns people. Travellers could either use a hand line as is, or they had the option of cutting a pole & tying the hand line to the end of the pole. Hand lines can also be used as fixed lines, hanging from a tree branch & left overnight.

Author's hand lines & spare hooks.

Indian Agents & Trade.

National Museum of the American Indian. A Link.

 Joseph Brant, by Gore Romney

My thanks to my friend Swampfox for supplying this link. Thanks mate.
Keith.

http://www.nmai.si.edu/searchcollections/peoplescultures.aspx

Royal Museum Greenwich collections.

http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections.html#!cbrowse

British Museum Shot Pouch. Undated!

 Museum number

Am1991,09.4

Full: Front

Rectangular flat pouch or bag, with strap, fingerwoven of wool. The flat bag is constructed from one or two pieces of red wool plaited cloth, with a central resist [undyed] paler horizontal stripe across the front. The vertical edges include black wool.

Rectangular flat pouch or bag, with strap, fingerwoven of wool. The flat bag is constructed from one or two pieces of red wool plaited cloth, with a central resist [undyed] paler horizontal stripe across the front. The vertical edges include black wool, with a line of opaque white beads and stitching in a brown vegetal thread. The bottom seam also includes stitching in a brown vegetal thread, with a line of quill wrapped wool fringing, each ending in a red hair filled metal comb, the colour of the quills being alternating black and white bands. The front of the bag is further decorated, just above the resist dyed strip, with a further fringe similar to that at the bottom. Woven into the front of the bag is a geometric design in irregular opaque white beads: two vertical lines of chevrons, with a double zig zag line up the centre and single zig-zag lines up both vertical edges. The points of the chevrons face downwards. The back and less faded side of the bag is decorated with a double row, vertical, each of butterfly-like geometric designs, each row being 3 high; the vertical seams each have rows of five small diamonds. All the patterns are in the same opaque white glass beads. The top of the bag is edged with green tape, enclosed in lines of white beads, back and front. The bag is lined with a coarse reddish manufactured cloth. // The strap is also plaited, in two greenish colours, that at the edge being slightly yellower than the reddish green colour of the body of the strap. The strap is attached by sewing with the brown vegetable thread at the two top corners of the pouch opening. The strap finishes on both sides with a plaited wool fringe, on the left [from the front] with six plaits, and on the right with five plaits. Woven into these plaits or braids are white beads, incorporating slightly darker green wool. The main body of the strap incorporates in the weaving a diamond pattern of white beads, with along the slightly contrasting colour edges, rows of white beads, at the absolute edge and at the boundary between the two colours. Repairs to the beadwork seem to have been carried out with this darker green wool.

http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?partid=1&assetid=110978001&objectid=516326;

Native Americans and the use of Brass Kettles©

https://thehistoricfoodie.wordpress.com/2012/01/11/native-americans-and-the-use-of-brass-kettles/

Diderot Search for 18th century items & Trades.

https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/

AMONG MARSHES AND GNEISS MOUNDS: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF LA VASE ISLAND

http://www.ontarioarchaeology.on.ca/Resources/Publications/oa64-2-robertson.pdf

Technological Adaptation on the Frontier: An Examination of Blacksmithing at Fort Michilimackinac, 1715-1781

Author's 18th century fire steel.

http://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1102&context=ant_etd

Pots, Kettles & Dutch Ovens. A Link.

https://www.scribd.com/document/205854633/Food-Food-Preparation-Pots-Kettles-Dutch-Ovens#