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Keithconnite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Keithconnite
Formula:
Pd20Te7
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
11.72 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named for Herbert Keith Conn (1923 - 15 August 2004), a Canadian geologist and mine official who was instrumental in the discovery of Pt-Pd mineralization of the Stillwater deposit and who provided the material for study.
Co-Type Localities:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2176
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2176:6
IMA Classification of Keithconnite
Approved
Approval year:
1978
Classification of Keithconnite
2.BC.20
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
C : With Rh, Pd, Pt, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
C : With Rh, Pd, Pt, etc.
2.2.6.1
2 : SULFIDES
2 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:1
2 : SULFIDES
2 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:1
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kei | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Keithconnite
Transparency:
Opaque
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN15=394 - 424 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
11.72 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Keithconnite
Anisotropism:
Moderate to strong
Colour in reflected light:
cream colored
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Not detectable in air; very slight in oil.
Comments:
dull cream with brownish tint with kotulskite; gray next to telluropalladinite.
Chemistry of Keithconnite
Mindat Formula:
Pd20Te7
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Pb,Bi
Crystallography of Keithconnite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.458(10) Å, c = 11.296(12) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.986
Unit Cell V:
1,284.32 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.26 Å | (100) |
| 2.16 Å | (90) |
| 0.791 Å | (40) |
| 1.32 Å | (30) |
| 0.885 Å | (30) |
| 2.22 Å | (20) |
| 1.40 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals |
Type Occurrence of Keithconnite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
grains to 220 µm
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa, 12187, 12188; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, M35867; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 114975
Geological Setting of Type Material:
layered ultrabasic complex
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Keithconnite
Other Language Names for Keithconnite
Varieties of Keithconnite
| Germanian Keithconnite | |
| Lead-bearing Keithconnite | A lead-bearing variety of keithconnite. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Keithconnite associated with Melonite | NiTe2 |
| 2 photos of Keithconnite associated with Kotulskite | Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4) |
| 1 photo of Keithconnite associated with Native Osmium | (Os,Ir,Ru) |
| 1 photo of Keithconnite associated with 'Iron-Platinum alloy' | (Pt,Fe) |
| 1 photo of Keithconnite associated with Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 1 photo of Keithconnite associated with Palladoarsenide | Pd2As |
| 1 photo of Keithconnite associated with Palarstanide | Pd5(Sn,As)2 |
| 1 photo of Keithconnite associated with Atokite | (Pd,Pt)3Sn |
| 1 photo of Keithconnite associated with 'Electrum' | (Au,Ag) |
| 1 photo of Keithconnite associated with Moncheite | Pt(Te,Bi)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.BC. | Panskyite | Pd9Ag2Pb2S4 |
| 2.BC. | Fleetite | Cu2RhIrSb2 |
| 2.BC. | Coldwellite | Pd3Ag2S |
| 2.BC. | 'UM2004-45-Se:AgHgPd' | (Ag,Cu)6Hg2Pd2Se3 |
| 2.BC.05 | 'UM2000-47-S:CuFePdPt' | PtPd(Fe,Cu)S |
| 2.BC.05 | Miassite | Rh17S15 |
| 2.BC.05 | Palladseite | Pd17Se15 |
| 2.BC.10 | Oosterboschite | (Pd,Cu)7Se5 |
| 2.BC.15 | Chrisstanleyite | Ag2Pd3Se4 |
| 2.BC.15 | Jagüéite | Cu2Pd3Se4 |
| 2.BC.25 | Vasilite | (Pd,Cu)16(S,Te)7 |
| 2.BC.30 | Telluropalladinite | Pd9Te4 |
| 2.BC.35 | Kojonenite | Pd7-xSnTe2 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) |
| 2.BC.35 | Luberoite | Pt5Se4 |
| 2.BC.37 | Kravtsovite | PdAg2S |
| 2.BC.40 | Oulankaite | (Pd,Pt)5(Cu,Fe)4SnTe2S2 |
| 2.BC.40 | Lukkulaisvaaraite | Pd14Ag2Te9 |
| 2.BC.42 | Monchetundraite | Pd2NiTe2 |
| 2.BC.45 | Telargpalite | (Pd,Ag)3(Te,Bi) |
| 2.BC.45 | Thalhammerite | Pd9Ag2Bi2S4 |
| 2.BC.47 | Vymazalováite | Pd3Bi2S2 |
| 2.BC.50 | Temagamite | Pd3HgTe3 |
| 2.BC.55 | Bowlesite | PtSnS |
| 2.BC.55 | Sopcheite | Ag4Pd3Te4 |
| 2.BC.60 | Laflammeite | Pd3Pb2S2 |
| 2.BC.65 | Tischendorfite | Pd8Hg3Se9 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Keithconnite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2176.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Keithconnite
Localities for Keithconnite
Showing 68 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Albania | |
| Zaccarini et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Melcher et al. (2019) |
| Malitch et al. (2001) +4 other references |
| Malitch et al. (2002) |
Canada | |
| Hulbert et al. (1998) |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
| McDonald et al. (2015) |
| Good et al. (2017) | |
| Wilson et al. (2013) |
| EcoMetrix Reort for Stillwater Canada Inc (2012) |
| Fedortchouk et al. (2010) |
Ecuador | |
| Barron et al. (2025) +1 other reference |
Finland | |
| Törnroos et al. (1998) | |
| 33rd International Geological Congress (2008) +1 other reference |
| [var: Lead-bearing Keithconnite] Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 1663-1686. +1 other reference |
| Gervilla et al. (2005) |
| Mutanen (1997) |
France | |
| Bruno Ducluzaux Collection |
| Lorand et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Oberthür et al. (2016) |
Greece | |
| Kapsiotis et al. (2010) |
Greenland | |
| Mineralogical Magazine et al. (4) +1 other reference |
| Holwell et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
India | |
| Devaraju et al. (2005) |
Madagascar | |
| Legendre et al. (1992) |
| Auge et al. (1992) +1 other reference | |
Morocco | |
| El Ghorfi et al. (2006) |
Myanmar | |
| Hagen et al. (1990) |
Norway | |
| Pedersen et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Britvin et al. (2001) |
| Sidorov et al. (2017, August) |
| Tolstykh et al. (2000) |
| Tolstykh et al. (2009) |
| Barkov et al. (2023) |
| Hålenius et al. (2018) |
| Groshev +6 other references | |
| Groshev +6 other references | |
| Groshev +6 other references | |
| Groshev +6 other references | |
| Groshev +7 other references | |
| Groshev +7 other references | |
| Grokhovskaya et al. (2009) |
| Vymazalová et al. (2020) | |
| Chashchin et al. (2013) | |
| Chashchin et al. (2013) | |
| Podlipsky et al. (2007) |
| Tony Nikischer specimen and analysis |
| Lavrov et al. (2017) |
| Голубев et al. (2008) |
| Okrugin et al. (2024) |
| Okrugin et al. (2023) +1 other reference | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 68:871 -- 885 | |
| Stepanov et al. (2023) |
| Mikhailov et al. (2021) |
Serbia | |
| Krstic et al. (1997) |
Sierra Leone | |
| Bowles (2000) |
South Africa | |
| ... | |
| Melcher et al. (2005) |
Tanzania | |
| Wilhelmij et al. (2016) |
UK | |
| Power et al. (2000) |
| Graham et al. (2017) |
USA | |
| Belkin et al. (2021) |
| Cabri et al. (1979) |
| Volborth et al. (1986) |
| ... +1 other reference |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Bart Cannon microprobe analysis # PP3-8 |
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Minneapolis adit, J-M Reef, Stillwater County, Montana, USA