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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
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| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 12.570(7.03) | 100 | 3.160(28.22) | 40 | 3.427(25.98) | 15 | Zakharovite | Na4Mn++5Si10O24(OH)6•6(H2O) |
| 12.600(7.01) | 100 | 2.690(33.28) | 90 | 2.460(36.49) | 75 | Tamaite | (Ca,K,Ba,Na)3-4Mn24(Si,Al)40(O,OH)112•21(H2O) |
| 12.600(7.01) | 100 | 5.290(16.75) | 70 | 6.180(14.32) | 70 | Hydrobasaluminite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10•12-36(H2O) |
| 12.600(7.01) | 100 | 8.700(10.16) | 100 | 9.650(9.16) | 80 | Voglite | Ca2Cu(UO2)(CO3)4•6(H2O) |
| 12.600(7.01) | 100 | 6.180(14.32) | 70 | 5.290(16.75) | 70 | Hydrobasaluminite | Al4(SO4)(OH)10•12-36(H2O) |
| 12.600(7.01) | 100 | 2.460(36.49) | 90 | 2.600(34.47) | 75 | Tamaite | (Ca,K,Ba,Na)3-4Mn24(Si,Al)40(O,OH)112•21(H2O) |
| 12.630(6.99) | 100 | 5.410(16.37) | 35 | 7.820(11.31) | 35 | Peisleyite | Na3Al16(SO4)2(PO4)10(OH)17•20(H2O) |
| 12.630(6.99) | 100 | 7.820(11.31) | 35 | 5.410(16.37) | 35 | Peisleyite | Na3Al16(SO4)2(PO4)10(OH)17•20(H2O) |
| 12.690(6.96) | 100 | 4.200(21.14) | 100 | 2.874(31.09) | 70 | Stratlingite | Ca2Al[(OH)6AlSiO2-3(OH)4-3]•2,5(H2O) |
| 12.700(6.95) | 100 | 3.050(29.26) | 80 | 2.890(30.92) | 70 | Tacharanite | Ca12Al2Si18O33(OH)36 |
| 12.770(6.92) | 100 | 2.768(32.32) | 90 | 8.350(10.59) | 70 | Schoonerite | Fe++2ZnMnFe+++(PO4)3(OH)2•9(H2O) |
| 12.771(6.92) | 100 | 3.631(24.50) | 50 | 3.140(28.40) | 50 | Gerdtremmelite | ZnAl2(AsO4)(OH)5 |
| 12.771(6.92) | 100 | 3.140(28.40) | 50 | 3.631(24.50) | 50 | Gerdtremmelite | ZnAl2(AsO4)(OH)5 |
| 12.800(6.90) | 100 | 4.764(18.61) | 34 | 2.630(34.06) | 29 | Kankite | Fe+++AsO4•3.5(H2O) |
| 12.810(6.89) | 100 | 2.571(34.87) | 70 | 4.290(20.69) | 60 | Adamsite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)2•6(H2O) |
| 12.810(6.89) | 100 | 6.450(13.72) | 70 | 2.571(34.87) | 60 | Adamsite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)2•6(H2O) |
| 12.820(6.89) | 100 | 7.785(11.36) | 80 | 6.319(14.00) | 40 | Walkerite | Ca16(Mg,Li,[ ])2[B13O17(OH)12]4Cl6•28(H2O) |
| 12.900(6.85) | 100 | 3.000(29.76) | 50 | 4.430(20.03) | 30 | Walentaite | (Ca,Mn++,Fe++)Fe+++3(AsO4)(PO4)3(PO3OH) |
| 12.900(6.85) | 100 | 4.340(20.45) | 18 | 4.510(19.67) | 7 | Loughlinite | Na2Mg3Si6O16•8(H2O) |
| 12.900(6.85) | 100 | 3.168(28.14) | 70 | 7.663(11.54) | 50 | Apachite | Cu9Si10O29•11(H2O) |
| 12.950(6.82) | 100 | 6.501(13.61) | 23 | 4.339(20.45) | 15 | Gordaite | NaZn(SO4)(OH)6Cl•6(H2O) |
| 12.960(6.81) | 100 | 4.530(19.58) | 90 | 1.508(61.43) | 90 | Swinefordite | (Li,Ca0.5,Na)0.72(Li,Al,Mg)2.66(Si,Al)4O10(OH,F)2•2(H2O) |
| 12.960(6.81) | 100 | 1.508(61.43) | 90 | 4.530(19.58) | 90 | Swinefordite | (Li,Ca0.5,Na)0.72(Li,Al,Mg)2.66(Si,Al)4O10(OH,F)2•2(H2O) |
| 12.970(6.81) | 100 | 4.320(20.54) | 50 | 3.133(28.47) | 50 | Thomasclarkite-(Y) | (Na,Ce)(Y,REE)(HCO3)(OH)3•4(H2O) |
| 12.970(6.81) | 100 | 3.133(28.47) | 50 | 4.320(20.54) | 50 | Thomasclarkite-(Y) | (Na,Ce)(Y,REE)(HCO3)(OH)3•4(H2O) |
| 13.000(6.79) | 100 | 7.930(11.15) | 100 | 5.670(15.62) | 100 | Andersonite | Na2Ca(UO2)(CO3)3•6(H2O) |
| 13.000(6.79) | 100 | 3.030(29.45) | 45 | 2.652(33.77) | 30 | Jonesite | Ba2(K,Na)[Ti2(Si5Al)O18•n(H2O) |
| 13.010(6.79) | 100 | 3.256(27.37) | 95 | 9.200(9.61) | 62 | Niveolanite | NaBe(CO3)(OH)•2H2O |
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