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Minerals Arranged by X-Ray Powder Diffraction
See Help on X-Ray Diffraction.
Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used by mineralogists and solid state chemists to examine the physico-chemical make-up of unknown materials. This data is represented in a collection of single-phase X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the three most intense D values in the form of tables of interplanar spacings (D), relative intensities (I/Io), mineral name and chemical formulae
The XRD technique takes a sample of the material and places a powdered sample in a holder, then the sample is illuminated with x-rays of a fixed wave-length and the intensity of the reflected radiation is recorded using a goniometer. This data is then analyzed for the reflection angle to calculate the inter-atomic spacing (D value in Angstrom units - 10-8 cm). The intensity(I) is measured to discriminate (using I ratios) the various D spacings and the results are compared to this table to identify possible matches. Note: 2 theta (Θ) angle calculated from the Bragg Equation, 2 Θ = 2(arcsin(n λ/(2d)) where n=1;
For more information about this technique, see X-Ray Analysis of a Solid or take an internet course at Birkbeck College On-line Courses. Many thanks to Frederic Biret for these data.
| D1 Å (2θ) |
I1 %) |
D2 Å (2θ) |
I2 (%) |
D3 Å (2θ) |
I3 (%) |
Mineral | Formula |
| 3.382(26.33) | 100 | 2.681(33.39) | 70 | 1.701(53.85) | 50 | Dukeite | Bi+++24Cr++++++8O57(OH)6(H2O)3 |
| 3.382(26.33) | 100 | 1.701(53.85) | 70 | 7.650(11.56) | 50 | Dukeite | Bi+++24Cr++++++8O57(OH)6(H2O)3 |
| 3.385(26.31) | 100 | 3.315(26.87) | 78 | 2.939(30.39) | 47 | Wilhelmkleinite | ZnFe+++3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 3.386(26.30) | 100 | 1.955(46.41) | 34 | 2.623(34.15) | 12 | Helvite | Mn4Be3(SiO4)3S |
| 3.386(26.30) | 100 | 2.553(35.12) | 90 | 2.921(30.58) | 80 | Souzalite | (Mg,Fe++)3(Al,Fe+++)4(PO4)4(OH)6•2(H2O) |
| 3.386(26.30) | 100 | 3.376(26.38) | 100 | 8.583(10.30) | 100 | Sekaninaite | (Fe++,Mg)2Al4Si5O18 |
| 3.387(26.29) | 100 | 2.166(41.66) | 100 | 1.925(47.17) | 80 | Stenonite | (Sr,Ba,Na)2Al(CO3)F5 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 50 | 1.380(67.86) | 100 | 1.830(49.79) | 100 | Lutecite | SiO2 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 2.875(31.08) | 100 | 2.131(42.38) | 100 | Crichtonite | (Sr,La,Ce,Y)(Ti,Fe+++,Mn)21O38 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 50 | 1.380(67.86) | 100 | 1.370(68.42) | 100 | Lutecite | SiO2 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 4.410(20.12) | 70 | 3.220(27.68) | 70 | Gillespite | BaFe++Si4O10 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 4.040(21.98) | 80 | 3.920(22.66) | 80 | Robinsonite | Pb4Sb6S13 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 3.320(26.83) | 100 | 2.785(32.11) | 70 | Playfairite | Pb16Sb18S43 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 4.320(20.54) | 57 | 3.130(28.49) | 50 | Jarandolite | Ca[B3O4(OH)3] |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 3.920(22.66) | 80 | 4.040(21.98) | 80 | Robinsonite | Pb4Sb6S13 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 3.540(25.14) | 67 | 5.530(16.01) | 48 | Zincovoltaite | K2Zn5Fe+++3Al(SO4)12•18(H2O) |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 3.428(25.97) | 95 | 2.206(40.87) | 60 | Mullite | Al(4+2x)Si(2-2x)O(10-x) where x =0.17 to 0.59 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 3.410(26.11) | 85 | 2.310(38.96) | 40 | Ferruccite | NaBF4 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 3.220(27.68) | 70 | 4.410(20.12) | 70 | Gillespite | BaFe++Si4O10 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 2.866(31.18) | 80 | 2.652(33.77) | 70 | Francisite | Cu3Bi(SeO3)2O2Cl |
| 3.390(26.27) | 100 | 2.649(33.81) | 50 | 4.350(20.40) | 35 | Paramontroseite | VO2 |
| 3.390(26.27) | 50 | 1.370(68.42) | 100 | 1.380(67.86) | 100 | Lutecite | SiO2 |
| 3.392(26.25) | 100 | 3.114(28.64) | 90 | 2.084(43.38) | 33 | Joelbruggerite | Pb3Zn3Sb+++++As2O13(OH) |
| 3.392(26.25) | 100 | 3.210(27.77) | 82 | 2.230(40.41) | 69 | Vistepite | Mn++4Sn++++B2(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| 3.393(26.24) | 100 | 2.724(32.85) | 70 | 8.137(10.86) | 60 | Humberstonite | K3Na7Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2•6(H2O) |
| 3.393(26.24) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 85 | 3.188(27.96) | 65 | Vonbezingite | Ca6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12•2(H2O) |
| 3.395(26.23) | 100 | 2.554(35.11) | 90 | 2.925(30.54) | 80 | Gormanite | Fe++3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6•2(H2O) |
| 3.395(26.23) | 100 | 2.819(31.72) | 53 | 2.739(32.67) | 48 | Tsugaruite | Pb4As2S7 |
| 3.396(26.22) | 100 | 1.977(45.86) | 65 | 3.273(27.22) | 52 | Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| 3.396(26.22) | 100 | 2.848(31.38) | 31 | 2.078(43.52) | 29 | Pertlikite | K2(Fe++,Mg)2(Mg,Fe+++)4Fe+++2Al(SO4)12•18H2O |
| 3.396(26.22) | 100 | 3.355(26.55) | 90 | 2.720(32.90) | 80 | Madocite | Pb17(Sb,As)16S41 |
| 3.398(26.20) | 100 | 3.175(28.08) | 100 | 2.938(30.40) | 100 | Ferrilotharmeyerite | Ca(Zn,Cu++)(Fe+++,Zn)(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)2 |
| 3.399(26.20) | 100 | 3.892(22.83) | 70 | 2.962(30.15) | 50 | Macfallite | Ca2(Mn+++,Al)3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 2.080(43.47) | 40 | 2.320(38.78) | 40 | Monsmedite | H8K2Tl2(SO4)8•11(H2O) |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 3.380(26.35) | 100 | 2.000(45.30) | 100 | Ardaite | Pb19Sb13S35Cl7 |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 2.080(43.47) | 40 | 1.570(58.76) | 40 | Monsmedite | H8K2Tl2(SO4)8•11(H2O) |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 3.090(28.87) | 100 | 2.990(29.86) | 100 | Epididymite | NaBeSi3O7(OH) |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 1.570(58.76) | 40 | 2.080(43.47) | 40 | Monsmedite | H8K2Tl2(SO4)8•11(H2O) |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 3.520(25.28) | 80 | 2.710(33.03) | 70 | Tintinaite | Pb22Cu+4(Sb,Bi)30S69 |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 5.310(16.68) | 70 | 2.654(33.74) | 59 | Turkestanite | Th(Ca,Na)2(K1-x,[ ]x)Si8O20•n(H2O) |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 4.900(18.09) | 90 | 3.680(24.16) | 80 | Dashkovaite | Mg(HCOO)2•2(H2O) |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 3.860(23.02) | 98 | 2.910(30.70) | 74 | Armenite | BaCa2Al6Si9O30•2(H2O) |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 5.540(15.98) | 90 | 2.859(31.26) | 80 | Formicaite | Ca(HCOO)2 |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 3.040(29.36) | 90 | 9.670(9.14) | 80 | Jamesite | Pb2Zn2Fe+++5(AsO4)5O4 |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 2.640(33.93) | 60 | 2.280(39.49) | 50 | Manganite | MnO(OH) |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 2.840(31.47) | 90 | 1.740(52.55) | 60 | Hallimondite | Pb2(UO2)(AsO4)2 |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 2.800(31.94) | 80 | 4.160(21.34) | 50 | Jagoite | (Pb,Na,Ca)3(Fe+++,Mg)Si3O10(Cl,OH) |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 2.558(35.05) | 60 | 2.050(44.14) | 50 | Kuranakhite | PbMn++++Te++++++O6 |
| 3.400(26.19) | 100 | 1.750(52.23) | 90 | 2.060(43.92) | 80 | Vikingite | Ag5Pb8Bi13S30 |
| 3.402(26.17) | 100 | 3.369(26.43) | 74 | 2.815(31.76) | 70 | Rouxelite | Cu2HgPb22Sb28S64(O,S)2 |
| 3.405(26.15) | 100 | 3.062(29.14) | 56 | 2.513(35.70) | 49 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4•H2O |
| 3.406(26.14) | 100 | 3.050(29.26) | 100 | 4.000(22.21) | 100 | Calciouranoite | (Ca,Ba,Pb)U2O7•5(H2O) |
| 3.409(26.12) | 100 | 4.840(18.31) | 90 | 3.331(26.74) | 90 | Kieserite | MgSO4•(H2O) |
| 3.409(26.12) | 100 | 3.331(26.74) | 90 | 4.840(18.31) | 90 | Kieserite | MgSO4•(H2O) |
| 3.410(26.11) | 100 | 5.570(15.90) | 90 | 2.900(30.81) | 80 | Wairakite | CaAl2Si4O12•2(H2O) |
| 3.410(26.11) | 100 | 2.090(43.25) | 40 | 2.850(31.36) | 30 | Heyrovskyite | Pb10AgBi5S18 |
| 3.410(26.11) | 100 | 2.040(44.37) | 70 | 1.750(52.23) | 70 | Usovite | Ba2CaMgAl2F14 |
| 3.410(26.11) | 40 | 2.520(35.60) | 40 | 9.970(8.86) | 40 | Montdorite | (K,Na)(Fe++,Mn++,Mg)2.5[Si4O10](F,OH)2 |
| 3.410(26.11) | 100 | 2.850(31.36) | 40 | 2.940(30.38) | 30 | Heyrovskyite | Pb10AgBi5S18 |
| 3.410(26.11) | 100 | 3.260(27.33) | 80 | 3.060(29.16) | 75 | Avogadrite | (K,Cs)BF4 |
| 3.410(26.11) | 100 | 1.750(52.23) | 70 | 2.040(44.37) | 70 | Usovite | Ba2CaMgAl2F14 |
| 3.410(26.11) | 100 | 2.270(39.67) | 50 | 6.830(12.95) | 40 | Cerotungstite-(Ce) | (Ce,REE)W2O6(OH)3 |
| 3.411(26.10) | 100 | 3.252(27.40) | 83 | 5.260(16.84) | 68 | Sazhinite-(La) | Na3La[Si6O15]•2(H2O) |
| 3.412(26.09) | 100 | 2.031(44.58) | 60 | 2.721(32.89) | 60 | Sakharovaite | (Pb,Fe)(Bi,Sb)2S4 |
| 3.412(26.09) | 100 | 2.721(32.89) | 60 | 2.031(44.58) | 60 | Sakharovaite | (Pb,Fe)(Bi,Sb)2S4 |
| 3.414(26.08) | 100 | 10.130(8.72) | 100 | 3.198(27.87) | 80 | Sidpietersite | Pb++4(S++++++O3S--)O2(OH)2 |
| 3.414(26.08) | 100 | 2.014(44.97) | 80 | 2.893(30.88) | 70 | Eclarite | Pb9(Cu,Fe)Bi12S28 |
| 3.416(26.06) | 100 | 2.927(30.52) | 64 | 3.186(27.98) | 40 | Lukrahnite | Ca(Cu,Zn)(Fe,Zn)(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)2 |
| 3.418(26.05) | 100 | 2.763(32.38) | 95 | 2.358(38.13) | 73 | Leningradite | PbCu++3(VO4)2Cl2 |
| 3.420(26.03) | 100 | 1.903(47.75) | 80 | 2.455(36.57) | 70 | Brannerite | (U,Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe)2O6 |
| 3.420(26.03) | 100 | 4.770(18.59) | 55 | 3.070(29.06) | 45 | Gunningite | (Zn,Mn)SO4•(H2O) |
| 3.420(26.03) | 100 | 3.370(26.43) | 65 | 2.200(40.99) | 60 | Sillimanite | Al2SiO5 = Al[6]Al[4]OSiO4 |
| 3.421(26.02) | 100 | 2.907(30.73) | 100 | 3.652(24.35) | 80 | Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2Al2Si4O12•(H2O) |
| 3.423(26.01) | 100 | 4.020(22.09) | 38 | 3.562(24.98) | 31 | Pellouxite | (Cu,Ag)Pb10Sb12S27(Cl,S)0.6O |
| 3.424(26.00) | 100 | 5.085(17.43) | 64 | 3.405(26.15) | 27 | IMA2008-022 | UO2(OH)2 |
| 3.426(25.99) | 100 | 3.378(26.36) | 88 | 2.941(30.37) | 54 | Aschamalmite | Pb6Bi2S9 |
| 3.426(25.99) | 100 | 3.289(27.09) | 100 | 4.037(22.00) | 90 | Eztlite | Pb2Fe+++6(Te++++O3)3(Te++++++O6)(OH)10•8(H2O) |
| 3.427(25.98) | 100 | 3.312(26.90) | 80 | 3.042(29.34) | 80 | Izoklakeite | Pb27(Cu,Fe)2(Sb,Bi)19S57 |
| 3.427(25.98) | 100 | 2.753(32.50) | 80 | 2.779(32.18) | 75 | Moeloite | Pb6Sb6S14(S3) |
| 3.427(25.98) | 100 | 3.042(29.34) | 80 | 3.312(26.90) | 80 | Izoklakeite | Pb27(Cu,Fe)2(Sb,Bi)19S57 |
| 3.427(25.98) | 100 | 2.017(44.90) | 80 | 2.753(32.50) | 75 | Moeloite | Pb6Sb6S14(S3) |
| 3.428(25.97) | 100 | 5.500(16.10) | 64 | 1.713(53.44) | 61 | Eugsterite | Na4Ca(SO4)3•2(H2O) |
| 3.428(25.97) | 100 | 3.441(25.87) | 100 | 3.206(27.80) | 80 | Chervetite | Pb2V2O7 |
| 3.430(25.96) | 100 | 3.050(29.26) | 100 | 2.790(32.05) | 70 | Weilite | CaHAsO4 |
| 3.430(25.96) | 100 | 5.610(15.78) | 80 | 2.925(30.54) | 80 | Analcime | NaAlSi2O6•(H2O) |
| 3.430(25.96) | 100 | 2.813(31.78) | 35 | 3.700(24.03) | 35 | Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| 3.430(25.96) | 100 | 3.700(24.03) | 35 | 2.813(31.78) | 35 | Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| 3.430(25.96) | 100 | 2.925(30.54) | 80 | 5.610(15.78) | 80 | Analcime | NaAlSi2O6•(H2O) |
| 3.430(25.96) | 100 | 3.190(27.95) | 65 | 2.308(38.99) | 60 | Pellyite | Ba2Ca(Fe++,Mg)2Si6O17 |
| 3.430(25.96) | 100 | 3.210(27.77) | 35 | 2.683(33.37) | 30 | Bradaczekite | NaCu4(AsO4)3 |
| 3.430(25.96) | 100 | 3.750(23.71) | 60 | 2.734(32.73) | 50 | Gratonite | Pb9As4S15 |
| 3.430(25.96) | 100 | 8.330(10.61) | 60 | 2.720(32.90) | 50 | Ungemachite | K3Na8Fe+++(SO4)6(NO3)2•6(H2O) |
| 3.431(25.95) | 100 | 3.335(26.71) | 80 | 6.670(13.26) | 60 | Vlodavetsite | AlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl•4(H2O) |
| 3.440(25.88) | 100 | 3.120(28.59) | 40 | 2.520(35.60) | 35 | Szomolnokite | Fe++SO4•(H2O) |
| 3.440(25.88) | 100 | 2.820(31.70) | 100 | 2.910(30.70) | 100 | Franckeite | (Pb,Sn)6Fe++Sn2Sb2S14 |
| 3.440(25.88) | 100 | 2.490(36.04) | 90 | 2.660(33.67) | 90 | Nolanite | (V+++,Fe++,Fe+++,Ti)10O14(OH)2 |
| 3.440(25.88) | 100 | 2.560(35.02) | 80 | 4.520(19.62) | 70 | Xenotime-(Yb) | YbPO4 |
| 3.440(25.88) | 100 | 2.570(34.88) | 80 | 3.150(28.31) | 80 | Jinshajiangite | Na2K5BaCa(Fe,Mn)8(Ti,Fe,Nb,Zr)4Si8O32(O,F,H2O)6 |
| 3.440(25.88) | 100 | 2.660(33.67) | 90 | 2.490(36.04) | 90 | Nolanite | (V+++,Fe++,Fe+++,Ti)10O14(OH)2 |
| 3.440(25.88) | 100 | 3.030(29.45) | 100 | 3.780(23.52) | 90 | Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |