Everyday Torture

From John Buell:

In Portland Phoenix articles, Lance Tapley points out that about 35,000 U.S. citizens are held in solitary confinement at “Supermaxes” (including Maine’s). Many are subjected to torture in the form of beating, sleep deprivation and mental abuse that rival practices at Guantanamo, according to Tapley.

Torture’s political invisibility is remarkable given its counterproductive consequences. Tapley points out that the torture of Supermax prisoners, most of whom are mentally ill, leads to high rates of recidivism and poses great public risk.

Frank Rich, commenting on [Jane] Mayer, suggests: “torture may well be enabling future attacks… false confessions and [an] avalanche of misinformation since 9-11… compromised prosecutions, allowed other culprits to escape and sent the American military on wild-goose chases.”

Some Americans do oppose torture, but even many who are opposed won’t acknowledge that “we” torture individuals not privy to secret bomb information. For example, prison authorities, major media and political leaders have not challenged Tapley’s specific factual assertions. Nonetheless, none have acted on his findings. Many national leaders even engage in tortuous redefinitions of torture.

These responses may have deep origins. Our world now presents shrinking employment options, rapid changes in neighborhoods and complex interdependence. Social turmoil leads many Americans, steeped in traditional notions of the U.S. as “a city upon a hill” in possession of unique truth, to embrace a problematic conviction: individuals whose differences in religion, lifestyle or ethnicity pose no direct threat really are dangerous.

The world is seen as irrevocably divided between a virtuous “us” and a dangerous “them.” We would never torture or would do so only for overwhelming reasons. When victims of our torture attack or murder us, their actions merely confirm our conviction that they are “basically evil.”

Greater equality and adequate security might blunt xenophobic responses to economic crisis. Nonetheless, especially in a world becoming ever more multicultural, achieving progressive reforms is unlikely without also challenging some prevalent forms of fundamentalism. These dogmatic and exclusionary creeds blind us to the limits of our own intelligence, deny opportunities for full self-development, and preclude social justice movements across racial and religious lines.

Read the whole thing here

African American Women

At the Daily Voice, Avis Jones-DeWeever has a great article critiquing the way that CNN covered African American women and families in its documentary on Black American experience.  Here’s some of it:

CNN did all of America a grave disservice with its over-simplistic, decontextualized, and obsessively-hyped documentary on the Black American experience.  Upon the umpteenth showing of the special it finally hit me–the only additional image needed to really bring it home would have been a soft-shoe dancin’, white-glove wearin’, big grin sportin’ minstrel interlude.  At least with such a display, it would have become graphically clear that the Black America emphasized in the series was more caricature than fact-based groundbreaking analysis. 
 
Take for example, the especially disappointing focus on Black women.  To hear CNN tell it, Black women would be fine, if only they would get out of the baby-making business and just get married–preferably, to a white guy.  With those bases covered, all would be right with the world…right?  WRONG!  It’s frankly insulting to insinuate that the range of the Black woman’s experience in America boils down to whether or not she said, “I do.”  Instead, it would have been far more groundbreaking to report that Black women have the highest labor force participation rate of all women in America.  Yet, despite their work effort, Black women earn only 63 cents for every dollar earned by white men, suffering both a gender and race pay gap.  And even worse, they find themselves tied with Native American women as the most likely to be poor.  Even with all of their hard work, Black women’s poverty more than doubles that of white women, notably outpaces that of Latinas, and even exceeds that of Black men.  
 
I have a news flash for CNN.  The biggest problem facing Black women isn’t the lack of a wedding ring, it’s the lack of access to jobs that pay livable wages and that are inclusive of benefits that most middle-class Americans take for granted, such as paid sick days, employer-provided health insurance, and access to retirement plans.
 
It’s important also to note that not all news about Black women is doom and gloom.  We make up the majority of African Americans earning Associates, Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees.  We are entering and excelling in non-traditional fields, earning some 14,800 Doctorates in science and engineering.  And in less than a 10-year span between 1997 and 2006, Black women’s entrepreneurship exploded, growing 147 percent compared to an overall rate of growth among privately-owned businesses of a comparatively paltry 24%.
 
Yet, the powers that be at CNN apparently thought this and other information not important enough for inclusion.  Choosing instead to focus on images that have been around as long as Ronald Reagan’s mythical “welfare queen.”  To CNN, the issue that deserved the primary focus with respect to Black women was the issue of single-parenthood.  And even that issue was given short-shrift, based much more in stereotype and moral proselytizing, than fact-based, contextualized, reality. 
 
It’s no accident that CNN chose to highlight a never-married woman with five kids to drive their point home, when according to the U.S. Census Bureau, the typical Black woman-headed family has only 1.78 kids (well let’s be generous and round it up to two).  It’s no accident that the great solution put forth was Marry Your Baby Daddy Day, complete with dancing grooms, with no mention of the fact that the so-called “marriage solution” is being funded primarily from TANF dollars–money meant to help poor families survive.  And while aid to struggling families have received cut after cut in recent years in a variety of critical areas such as child care assistance, housing assistance, job-training specifically for women, and even child-support enforcement, it’s no accident that marriage promotion dollars have been free-flowing. 
 
So what’s wrong with this reprioritization of funds?  Perhaps what’s most disturbing is that the let them eat wedding cake solution just doesn’t add up.  It’s been estimated that there are three available African American women for every one available African American man who has the means to lift a family out of poverty.  You don’t have to hold a Ph.D. in mathematics to understand what’s wrong with that picture.   There just ain’t enough brothers to go around.  Now CNN would have Black women expand the pool beyond the Black male option.  Problem is, for most, they either lack the desire or the opportunity to do so. 
 
Black women are in fact the demographic group that is the least likely to marry outside of their race.  In contrast, Black men are among the most likely.  In fact, research suggests that as Black men’s income, education, and job prestige increases, so too do their likelihood to marry interracially.  So to suggest to the sistas in the ‘hood that all they need do is wait for their Black Knight to come and rescue them and their children from a life of poverty is disingenuous at best.  Make no mistake about it, those sistas will have a long wait.  And for some, that day will never come, especially since many of the men who are best equipped to “save” them are not looking in the ‘hood when they’re looking for a wife.
 
The marriage solution is no solution at all.  Instead, it’s just a diversion from the much more critical task of creating and implementing a truly substantive anti-poverty plan.  When the disproportionate poverty problem is adequately addressed within the Black community, the marriage issue will take care of itself.

Read the rest here, wherein Jones-DeWeever proposes the kinds of changes that might actually make a difference to African American women and children.

It’s also worth nothing that 65% of America’s prison population is comprised of male African Americans.  Most of the convictions are on drug charges that don’t involve violence, so Black America has paid the biggest price for the unsuccessful and cruel US war on drugs.  And the fastest growing population in American prisons is African American women.

Drug possession, trafficking and addiction are most highly correlated with poverty, aside from race, so this makes complete sense.  Investment in America’s black communities would have a high pay-off in terms of dealing with economic inequality, the cost of keeping a high number of people imprisoned and the upward mobility of future generations of African Americans.  Quite apart from the fact that it’s just the right thing to do.

Leprosy & Mental Illness

An essay from a series on mental illness in The Globe & Mail:

‘In no other field, except perhaps leprosy,” a Canadian report on mental illness said 45 years ago, “has there been as much confusion, misdirection and discrimination against the patient as in mental illness … Down through the ages, [the mentally ill] have been estranged by society and cast out to wander in the wilderness. Mental illness, even today, is all too often considered a crime to be punished, a sin to be expiated, a possessing demon to be exorcised, a disgrace to be hushed up, a personality weakness to be deplored or a welfare problem to be handled as cheaply as possible.”

[…]

 … stigma is not just name-calling. It’s also “sticks and stones” that can have concrete consequences. According to a Scottish study, people with mental health problems reported experiencing more than twice as much harassment as the general population. The perpetrators were typically neighbours and teenagers. Almost all those surveyed said that the harassment had made their mental health worse. Almost one in three moved as a result.

People living with mental illness are also less likely to report any offence or crime committed against them, because they report that police are unsupportive. And if they do press charges, they often end up being branded “unreliable” witnesses in court.

British research confirms that 80 per cent of people with longer-term mental health problems are out of work. So poverty and small, fragile social networks add to their problems. In Canada, it is no better. Almost half of us believe that if someone at work was dealing with depression and missing work, they would be more likely to “get into trouble and maybe even fired.”

Current research has found that the public is generally better informed about mental illness than it was a few decades ago. Researchers at Columbia University report that there is greater awareness of mental illness and its biological underpinnings, as well as the availability and effectiveness of treatment.

The bad news is that, in lockstep, there has been a corresponding increase in stigma, discrimination and social distancing. Increasingly, the public is attaching stereotypes, such as “dangerous and incompetent,” to people with mental illnesses.

[…]

Perhaps the most shocking evidence of the deep-seatedness of stigma is in a study by the Michigan Psychiatric Society, in which half of the psychiatrists surveyed said that they would treat themselves in secrecy rather than have mental illness recorded on their medical chart.