Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Investigation of Disaster Volunteering Systems in Terms of Institutional Structure and Aspects Open for Improvement

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 582 - 597, 31.07.2025

Çiğdem Tetik Biçer

https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1663032

Öz

Disaster volunteering systems are fundamental to social resilience in disaster prevention, response, and recovery processes. Although disaster management strategies vary worldwide, the organization, training, and sustainability of volunteers are critical issues for all systems. The United Nations, the European Union, and various international organizations have developed policies encouraging disaster volunteering. In this context, international documents such as the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) emphasize the need to include disaster volunteers in community-based disaster management processes. Disaster volunteering has been institutionalized in various ways in different countries. While volunteers are actively included in pre-disaster preparation processes in countries such as Japan, the USA, and Germany, volunteering in Turkey gained significant momentum after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake and focused more on post-disaster intervention. The February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes revealed that Turkey's disaster volunteering system has strengths and aspects that need development. This study aims to provide concrete suggestions based on national and international good practice examples to make disaster volunteers more effective and the volunteer system sustainable. The experience and data obtained are primarily based on the field applications of the disaster volunteer system in Turkey in the context of the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. In addition, structured volunteer models in countries such as Japan, the USA, and Germany were examined comparatively; institutional differences regarding volunteering functions before, during, and after the disaster were analyzed. The study was conducted in the light of qualitative document analysis, current statistical data, and international reports; by determining the current weaknesses of the system, holistic solution suggestions were presented for increasing volunteer participation, strengthening educational processes, and developing psychosocial support structures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster Awareness Disaster Risk Reduction Disaster Volunteerism Sustainable Development Volunteer Coordination

Kaynakça

  • AFAD, (2018). T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Türkiye’de Afet Yönetimi ve Doğa Kaynaklı Afet İstatistikleri, Ankara, 68 sayfa. Erişim adresi: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kitaplar.
  • AFAD, (2021). T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, AFAD Gönüllülüğüne İlişkin Usul ve Esaslar Hakkında Yönerge. Erişim adresi: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kurumlar/ afad. gov.tr/Documents/gonulluluk_yonergesi.pdf
  • Aksoy, M., Aras, Y., ve Demir, A. (2025). Genç Gönüllülerin Afet Alanındaki Rolü: Kahramanmaraş Depremleri Örneği. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 9(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet. 1526450.
  • Baran, F. (2024). Afetlerde Gönüllülük Eğilimleri: Motivasyon, Katılım ve Sürdürülebilirlik. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 7(2), 89-105.
  • Bolat, C., Öztop, S., (2024). Türkiye’de 6 Şubat Depremlerindeki Bir Grup Afet Gönüllüsünün Algı ve Deneyimleri, Strategic Public Management Journal Volume 10, Issue 17, pp. 23-43 December 2024 DOI: 10.25069/spmj.1402593
  • Breen, K., Meyer, M. A., Becker, S., Purdum, J. C., Nolan, S. (2024). Volunteer motivations in civilian volunteer search and rescue organizations. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104688
  • Carlton, R. N., and Wong, M. A. (2024). Mental Health Challenges of Disaster Volunteers: Empirical Findings from High-Intensity Deployment Scenarios. Journal of Social Service Issues, 48(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.5152/JSSI.2023.22774
  • Chen, H. Y., Ahmad, C. A., Abdullah, K. L. (2021). The impact of serving in disaster relief among volunteers in Malaysia. Chinese Journal of Traumatology - English Edition, 24(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.04.002
  • Clay Mathews, M., Vickery, J., Peek, L. (2024). Resource exchange patterns between Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOADs): A multilevel network assessment to improve disaster response capacity. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104455
  • Daddoust, L., Asgary, A., McBey, K. J., Elliott, S., Normand, A. (2021). Spontaneous volunteer coordination during disasters and emergencies: Opportunities, challenges, and risks. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr. 2021.102546
  • Demirbilek, Ö., Öztürk, S. (2023). Understanding university students WHO do not want to volunteer in disasters: A qualitative study from Türkiye. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103994
  • Haque, A., Fatema, K. (2022). Disaster risk reduction for whom? The gap between centrally planned Disaster Management Program and people’s risk perception and adaptation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijdrr. 2022. 103229
  • Hyogo Framework, (2005). Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. World Conference on Disaster Reduction, 18-22 January 2005, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • IFRC (2015). Global Review on Volunteering. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
  • Iizuka, A., and Aldrich, D. P. (2020). Attracting altruists: Explaining volunteer turnout during natural hazards in Japan. Disasters, 45(2), 265–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12477
  • Johansson, M. (2024). Spontaneous Volunteer Engagement in Crisis: Lessons from COVID-19 and Earthquake Response. Progress in Disaster Science, 16, 100412. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j. pdisas.2024.100412
  • Kaur, M. P., Pazour, J. A., Ausseil, R. (2024). An optimization framework to provide volunteers with task selection autonomy and group opportunities. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2024.102095
  • Kankanamge, N., Yigitcanlar, T., Goonetilleke, A., Kamruzzaman, M. (2019). Can volunteer crowdsourcing reduce disaster risk? A systematic review of the literature. In International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (Vol. 35). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr. 2019.101097
  • Macatulad, E., Biljecki, F. (2024). Continuing from the Sendai Framework midterm: Opportunities for urban digital twins in disaster risk management. In International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (Vol. 102). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104310
  • Max, M., Krüger, M., Windsheimer, P. M., Brejora, M. (2024). Change to persist - The adaptation of European Red Cross societies to changing patterns of volunteering. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104178
  • Merkes, S. T., Zimmermann, T., Voss, M. (2024). Whose disaster? Disaster response as a conflicted field between cooperation and competition. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104459
  • Nahkur, O., Orru, K., Hansson, S., Jukarainen, P., Myllylä, M., Krüger, M., Max, M., Savadori, L., Nævestad, T. O., Frislid Meyer, S., Schieffelers, A., Olson, A., Lovasz, G., Rhinard, M. (2022). The engagement of informal volunteers in disaster management in Europe. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103413
  • Nakano, G., Yamori, K. (2024). Cultural tuning of a disaster education tool: A comparative study of Japan, El Salvador, and Mexico. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104370
  • Ner, N. T., Okyere, S. A., Abunyewah, M., Kita, M. (2022). Integrating resilience attributes into local disaster management plans in Metro Manila: strengths, weaknesses, and gaps. Progress in Disaster Science, 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100249
  • Nielsen, L. R. (2024). Proposing a model for integrating spontaneous volunteers in emergency response in Denmark. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104533
  • Norizan, N. Z. A., Hassan, N., Yusoff, M. M. (2021). Strengthening flood resilient development in malaysia through integration of flood risk reduction measures in local plans. Land Use Policy, 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105178
  • Paciarotti, C., Cesaroni, A. (2020). Spontaneous volunteerism in disasters, managerial inputs and policy implications from Italian case studies. Safety Science, 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ssci.2019.104521
  • Paudel, P. K., Parajuli, S., Sinha, R., Bohara, M., Abedin, M. A., Adhikari, B. R., Gautam, S., Bastola, R., Pal, I., Huntington, H. P. (2024). Integrating traditional and local knowledge into disaster risk reduction policies: Insights from Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Environmental Science and Policy, 159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103825
  • Pichler, R. (2024). Involvement–Exclusion Paradox in Civil Disaster Response: Rethinking Volunteer Integration. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 107, 104561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104561
  • Roine, Johannson (2024). The assembling process of outsider volunteers during disasters. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 106 (2024) 104408.
  • Sagiroglu, A., Caliskan Demir, M., Taskin, A. (2024). Assessing collaboration performance of NGOs by a decomposed Fuzzy approach utilizing AHP and COPRAS methods: Turkiye case. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 111. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijdrr. 2024. 104744
  • Sarı, B., Özer, Y. E. (2024). Coordination analysis in disaster management: A qualitative approach in Türkiye. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 100. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijdrr. 2023.104168
  • Septanaya, I. D. M. F., Fortuna, S. (2023). Gender mainstreaming efforts in disaster management plans: Case study West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103576
  • Sperling, M., Schryen, G. (2022). Decision support for disaster relief: Coordinating spontaneous volunteers. European Journal of Operational Research, 299(2), 690–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.08.022
  • Tang, J. S., Chang, H. Y., Feng, J. Y. (2024). Development of a disaster preparedness training program for community leaders: Evidence from Taiwan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104517
  • Thomas, S., Thomas, J., Maxwell, D., Michel Bogen, L. (2024). Assessing the influence of self and collective efficacy on volunteering following a natural disaster. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104952
  • Torres Mallma, S. F. (2021). Mainstreaming land use planning into disaster risk management: Trends in Lima, Peru. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102404
  • Tsai, A. C., Newstead, T., Lewis, G., Chuah, S. H. (2024). Sustaining emergency volunteer workforces: Exploring the interplay between leader behaviour and volunteer satisfaction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr. 2024.104504
  • United Nations Volunteers (UNV). (2022). State of the World’s Volunteerism Report 2022: Building Equal and Inclusive Societies. Bonn, Germany: United Nations Volunteers Programme. https://www.unv.org/SWVR2022
  • United Nations Volunteers (UNV). (2023). Full Funding Programme Report 2023. https://www.unv.org UN, (2015 a). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 Report. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.
  • UN, (2015 b). Transforming Our Word: The 2030, Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations, A/ Res/ 70/ 1. 41p. Sustainable development.un.org.
  • UN, (2016). Outcome of the World Humanitarian Summit Report of the Secretary-General A-71-353, 23 August 2016. URL-1. Europian Commission, Civil Protection Mechanism, “https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/what/civil-protection/eu-civil-protection”. Erişim tarihi: 02. 02.2025.
  • URL-2. AFAD Gönüllülük Sistemi, https://gonullu.afad.gov.tr/ Erişim tarihi: 01.19.2025.
  • Varol, C., Hayrullahoglu, G., Soylemez, E., Sat, N. A., Varol, E., Tunar Ozcan, N. (2024). The movement pattern changes of population following a disaster: Example of the Aegean Sea earthquake of October 2020. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104743
  • Yazdani, M., Haghani, M. (2024). A conceptual framework for integrating volunteers in emergency response planning and optimization assisted by decision support systems. Progress in Disaster Science, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100361
  • Yigitbas, E., Karyagdi, H. (2025). Afet Gönüllülerinin Çocuklarla İletişim ve Psikososyal Hazırlık Düzeyleri: Kahramanmaraş Depremi Örneği. Afet ve Toplum Dergisi, 6(2), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1462974
  • Whittaker, J., McLennan, B., Handmer, J. (2015). A review of informal volunteerism in emergencies and disasters: Definition, opportunities and challenges. In International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (Vol. 13, pp. 358–368). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijdrr.2015.07.010

Afet Gönüllülük Sistemlerinin Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Gelişmeye Açık Yönleriyle İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 582 - 597, 31.07.2025

Çiğdem Tetik Biçer

https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1663032

Öz

Afet gönüllülük sistemleri, afetlerin önlenmesi, müdahale ve iyileştirme süreçlerinde toplumsal dayanıklılığı artıran temel unsurlardan biridir. Dünya genelinde afet yönetimi stratejileri farklılık gösterse de, gönüllülerin organizasyonu, eğitimi ve sürdürülebilirliği tüm sistemler için kritik bir konudur. Birleşmiş Milletler, Avrupa Birliği ve çeşitli uluslararası kuruluşlar, afet gönüllülüğünü teşvik eden politikalar geliştirmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Hyogo Çerçeve Eylem Planı (2005-2015) ve Sendai Afet Risk Azaltma Çerçevesi (2015-2030) gibi uluslararası belgeler, afet gönüllülerinin toplum temelli afet yönetimi süreçlerine dahil edilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Farklı ülkelerde afet gönüllülüğü çeşitli şekillerde kurumsallaşmıştır. Japonya, ABD ve Almanya gibi ülkelerde afet öncesi hazırlık süreçlerine gönüllüler aktif olarak dahil edilirken, Türkiye’de gönüllülük 1999 Marmara Depremi’nden sonra önemli bir ivme kazanmış olup daha çok afet sonrası müdahaleye odaklanmıştır. 06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremleri, Türkiye’nin afet gönüllülük sisteminde hem güçlü hem de geliştirilmesi gereken yanların olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; afet gönüllülerinin daha etkin ve gönüllülük sisteminin ise sürdürülebilir hale getirilmesi için ulusal ve uluslararası iyi uygulama örnekleri üzerinden somut öneriler sunmaktır. Elde edilen tecrübe ve veriler, öncelikle 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremleri bağlamında Türkiye’deki afet gönüllülüğü sisteminin sahadaki uygulamalarına dayanmaktadır. Ayrıca Japonya, ABD ve Almanya gibi ülkelerdeki yapılandırılmış gönüllülük modelleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiş; gönüllülüğün afet öncesi, sırası ve sonrasındaki işlevlerine ilişkin kurumsal farklar analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma, nitel doküman analizi, güncel istatistiksel veriler ve uluslararası raporlar ışığında yürütülmüş; sistemin mevcut zayıflıkları belirlenerek gönüllü katılımının artırılması, eğitim süreçlerinin güçlendirilmesi ve psikososyal destek yapılarının geliştirilmesine yönelik bütüncül çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet Farkındalığı Afet Gönüllülüğü Afet Risk Azaltma Gönüllü Koordinasyonu Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma

Kaynakça

  • AFAD, (2018). T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Türkiye’de Afet Yönetimi ve Doğa Kaynaklı Afet İstatistikleri, Ankara, 68 sayfa. Erişim adresi: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kitaplar.
  • AFAD, (2021). T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, AFAD Gönüllülüğüne İlişkin Usul ve Esaslar Hakkında Yönerge. Erişim adresi: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kurumlar/ afad. gov.tr/Documents/gonulluluk_yonergesi.pdf
  • Aksoy, M., Aras, Y., ve Demir, A. (2025). Genç Gönüllülerin Afet Alanındaki Rolü: Kahramanmaraş Depremleri Örneği. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 9(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet. 1526450.
  • Baran, F. (2024). Afetlerde Gönüllülük Eğilimleri: Motivasyon, Katılım ve Sürdürülebilirlik. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 7(2), 89-105.
  • Bolat, C., Öztop, S., (2024). Türkiye’de 6 Şubat Depremlerindeki Bir Grup Afet Gönüllüsünün Algı ve Deneyimleri, Strategic Public Management Journal Volume 10, Issue 17, pp. 23-43 December 2024 DOI: 10.25069/spmj.1402593
  • Breen, K., Meyer, M. A., Becker, S., Purdum, J. C., Nolan, S. (2024). Volunteer motivations in civilian volunteer search and rescue organizations. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104688
  • Carlton, R. N., and Wong, M. A. (2024). Mental Health Challenges of Disaster Volunteers: Empirical Findings from High-Intensity Deployment Scenarios. Journal of Social Service Issues, 48(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.5152/JSSI.2023.22774
  • Chen, H. Y., Ahmad, C. A., Abdullah, K. L. (2021). The impact of serving in disaster relief among volunteers in Malaysia. Chinese Journal of Traumatology - English Edition, 24(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.04.002
  • Clay Mathews, M., Vickery, J., Peek, L. (2024). Resource exchange patterns between Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOADs): A multilevel network assessment to improve disaster response capacity. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104455
  • Daddoust, L., Asgary, A., McBey, K. J., Elliott, S., Normand, A. (2021). Spontaneous volunteer coordination during disasters and emergencies: Opportunities, challenges, and risks. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr. 2021.102546
  • Demirbilek, Ö., Öztürk, S. (2023). Understanding university students WHO do not want to volunteer in disasters: A qualitative study from Türkiye. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103994
  • Haque, A., Fatema, K. (2022). Disaster risk reduction for whom? The gap between centrally planned Disaster Management Program and people’s risk perception and adaptation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijdrr. 2022. 103229
  • Hyogo Framework, (2005). Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. World Conference on Disaster Reduction, 18-22 January 2005, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • IFRC (2015). Global Review on Volunteering. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
  • Iizuka, A., and Aldrich, D. P. (2020). Attracting altruists: Explaining volunteer turnout during natural hazards in Japan. Disasters, 45(2), 265–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12477
  • Johansson, M. (2024). Spontaneous Volunteer Engagement in Crisis: Lessons from COVID-19 and Earthquake Response. Progress in Disaster Science, 16, 100412. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j. pdisas.2024.100412
  • Kaur, M. P., Pazour, J. A., Ausseil, R. (2024). An optimization framework to provide volunteers with task selection autonomy and group opportunities. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2024.102095
  • Kankanamge, N., Yigitcanlar, T., Goonetilleke, A., Kamruzzaman, M. (2019). Can volunteer crowdsourcing reduce disaster risk? A systematic review of the literature. In International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (Vol. 35). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr. 2019.101097
  • Macatulad, E., Biljecki, F. (2024). Continuing from the Sendai Framework midterm: Opportunities for urban digital twins in disaster risk management. In International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (Vol. 102). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104310
  • Max, M., Krüger, M., Windsheimer, P. M., Brejora, M. (2024). Change to persist - The adaptation of European Red Cross societies to changing patterns of volunteering. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104178
  • Merkes, S. T., Zimmermann, T., Voss, M. (2024). Whose disaster? Disaster response as a conflicted field between cooperation and competition. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104459
  • Nahkur, O., Orru, K., Hansson, S., Jukarainen, P., Myllylä, M., Krüger, M., Max, M., Savadori, L., Nævestad, T. O., Frislid Meyer, S., Schieffelers, A., Olson, A., Lovasz, G., Rhinard, M. (2022). The engagement of informal volunteers in disaster management in Europe. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103413
  • Nakano, G., Yamori, K. (2024). Cultural tuning of a disaster education tool: A comparative study of Japan, El Salvador, and Mexico. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104370
  • Ner, N. T., Okyere, S. A., Abunyewah, M., Kita, M. (2022). Integrating resilience attributes into local disaster management plans in Metro Manila: strengths, weaknesses, and gaps. Progress in Disaster Science, 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100249
  • Nielsen, L. R. (2024). Proposing a model for integrating spontaneous volunteers in emergency response in Denmark. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104533
  • Norizan, N. Z. A., Hassan, N., Yusoff, M. M. (2021). Strengthening flood resilient development in malaysia through integration of flood risk reduction measures in local plans. Land Use Policy, 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105178
  • Paciarotti, C., Cesaroni, A. (2020). Spontaneous volunteerism in disasters, managerial inputs and policy implications from Italian case studies. Safety Science, 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ssci.2019.104521
  • Paudel, P. K., Parajuli, S., Sinha, R., Bohara, M., Abedin, M. A., Adhikari, B. R., Gautam, S., Bastola, R., Pal, I., Huntington, H. P. (2024). Integrating traditional and local knowledge into disaster risk reduction policies: Insights from Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Environmental Science and Policy, 159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103825
  • Pichler, R. (2024). Involvement–Exclusion Paradox in Civil Disaster Response: Rethinking Volunteer Integration. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 107, 104561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104561
  • Roine, Johannson (2024). The assembling process of outsider volunteers during disasters. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 106 (2024) 104408.
  • Sagiroglu, A., Caliskan Demir, M., Taskin, A. (2024). Assessing collaboration performance of NGOs by a decomposed Fuzzy approach utilizing AHP and COPRAS methods: Turkiye case. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 111. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijdrr. 2024. 104744
  • Sarı, B., Özer, Y. E. (2024). Coordination analysis in disaster management: A qualitative approach in Türkiye. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 100. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijdrr. 2023.104168
  • Septanaya, I. D. M. F., Fortuna, S. (2023). Gender mainstreaming efforts in disaster management plans: Case study West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103576
  • Sperling, M., Schryen, G. (2022). Decision support for disaster relief: Coordinating spontaneous volunteers. European Journal of Operational Research, 299(2), 690–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.08.022
  • Tang, J. S., Chang, H. Y., Feng, J. Y. (2024). Development of a disaster preparedness training program for community leaders: Evidence from Taiwan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104517
  • Thomas, S., Thomas, J., Maxwell, D., Michel Bogen, L. (2024). Assessing the influence of self and collective efficacy on volunteering following a natural disaster. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104952
  • Torres Mallma, S. F. (2021). Mainstreaming land use planning into disaster risk management: Trends in Lima, Peru. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102404
  • Tsai, A. C., Newstead, T., Lewis, G., Chuah, S. H. (2024). Sustaining emergency volunteer workforces: Exploring the interplay between leader behaviour and volunteer satisfaction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr. 2024.104504
  • United Nations Volunteers (UNV). (2022). State of the World’s Volunteerism Report 2022: Building Equal and Inclusive Societies. Bonn, Germany: United Nations Volunteers Programme. https://www.unv.org/SWVR2022
  • United Nations Volunteers (UNV). (2023). Full Funding Programme Report 2023. https://www.unv.org UN, (2015 a). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 Report. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.
  • UN, (2015 b). Transforming Our Word: The 2030, Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations, A/ Res/ 70/ 1. 41p. Sustainable development.un.org.
  • UN, (2016). Outcome of the World Humanitarian Summit Report of the Secretary-General A-71-353, 23 August 2016. URL-1. Europian Commission, Civil Protection Mechanism, “https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/what/civil-protection/eu-civil-protection”. Erişim tarihi: 02. 02.2025.
  • URL-2. AFAD Gönüllülük Sistemi, https://gonullu.afad.gov.tr/ Erişim tarihi: 01.19.2025.
  • Varol, C., Hayrullahoglu, G., Soylemez, E., Sat, N. A., Varol, E., Tunar Ozcan, N. (2024). The movement pattern changes of population following a disaster: Example of the Aegean Sea earthquake of October 2020. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104743
  • Yazdani, M., Haghani, M. (2024). A conceptual framework for integrating volunteers in emergency response planning and optimization assisted by decision support systems. Progress in Disaster Science, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100361
  • Yigitbas, E., Karyagdi, H. (2025). Afet Gönüllülerinin Çocuklarla İletişim ve Psikososyal Hazırlık Düzeyleri: Kahramanmaraş Depremi Örneği. Afet ve Toplum Dergisi, 6(2), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1462974
  • Whittaker, J., McLennan, B., Handmer, J. (2015). A review of informal volunteerism in emergencies and disasters: Definition, opportunities and challenges. In International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (Vol. 13, pp. 358–368). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijdrr.2015.07.010
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çiğdem Tetik Biçer 0000-0001-6303-4337

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tetik Biçer, Ç. (2025). Afet Gönüllülük Sistemlerinin Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Gelişmeye Açık Yönleriyle İncelenmesi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 8(2), 582-597. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1663032
AMA Tetik Biçer Ç. Afet Gönüllülük Sistemlerinin Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Gelişmeye Açık Yönleriyle İncelenmesi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. Temmuz 2025;8(2):582-597. doi:10.35341/afet.1663032
Chicago Tetik Biçer, Çiğdem. “Afet Gönüllülük Sistemlerinin Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Gelişmeye Açık Yönleriyle İncelenmesi”. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2025): 582-97. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1663032.
EndNote Tetik Biçer Ç (01 Temmuz 2025) Afet Gönüllülük Sistemlerinin Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Gelişmeye Açık Yönleriyle İncelenmesi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 8 2 582–597.
IEEE Ç. Tetik Biçer, “Afet Gönüllülük Sistemlerinin Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Gelişmeye Açık Yönleriyle İncelenmesi”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 582–597, 2025, doi: 10.35341/afet.1663032.
ISNAD Tetik Biçer, Çiğdem. “Afet Gönüllülük Sistemlerinin Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Gelişmeye Açık Yönleriyle İncelenmesi”. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 8/2 (Temmuz2025), 582-597. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1663032.
JAMA Tetik Biçer Ç. Afet Gönüllülük Sistemlerinin Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Gelişmeye Açık Yönleriyle İncelenmesi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2025;8:582–597.
MLA Tetik Biçer, Çiğdem. “Afet Gönüllülük Sistemlerinin Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Gelişmeye Açık Yönleriyle İncelenmesi”. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 582-97, doi:10.35341/afet.1663032.
Vancouver Tetik Biçer Ç. Afet Gönüllülük Sistemlerinin Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Gelişmeye Açık Yönleriyle İncelenmesi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2025;8(2):582-97.
 Kapak Resmi İndir