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The Dual Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence Technology 
on Misunderstanding and Miscalculation

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 171 - 224, 30.10.2025

Oğuzhan Altan

https://doi.org/10.53662/esamdergisi.1561129

Öz

According to the realist perspective, the international system does not have an effective superstructure for resolving disagreements, crises and conflicts. In this anarchic system, manipulated or incomplete information can cause misunderstandings or miscalculations, and conflict decisions can be made. This chain effect can cause leaders to deviate from rationality and thus pave the way for irreversible conflicts. It is possible that artificial intelligence can play a role in strengthening the aforementioned misunderstanding and miscalculation tendencies. For this reason, a new level of awareness and preventive measures need to be developed regarding the abuse of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence technology has developed greatly since its conceptual use at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956 and has created a revolutionary impact today. Generative artificial intelligence tools make content production much easier thanks to deep learning, adversarial generative network (GAN) and natural language processing (NLP) techniques. This technology makes it possible to transform images into different emotional perspectives, convert audio files to the desired sound frequency and produce textual data. In addition, with the use of artificial intelligence algorithms in ‘deepfake’ technologies, it is quite effective in increasing disinformation on large networks such as social media platforms. On the other hand, artificial intelligence technology is also actively used in verification processes thanks to its learning, data analysis and language processing capabilities. Thanks to these features, social media platforms can be inspected in real time and verification units can be notified to correct erroneous information. In addition, it is also used in information collection and intelligence activities with satellite, drone and automation systems. It has the potential to increase the rationality of decision makers thanks to its various superior capabilities such as recommendation systems, anomaly detection and prediction models. These functional features show that artificial intelligence technologies can play an important role in maintaining global peace and stability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disinformation Automatic Verification Generative AI Misunderstanding Miscalculation

Kaynakça

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Üretken Yapay Zekâ Teknolojisinin Yanlış Anlama Ve Yanlış Hesap Yapma Üzerindeki İkili Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 171 - 224, 30.10.2025

Oğuzhan Altan

https://doi.org/10.53662/esamdergisi.1561129

Öz

Realist bakış açısına göre, uluslararası sistem anlaşmazlıkların, krizlerin ve çatışmaların çözümünde etkili bir üst yapıya sahip değildir. Bu anarşik sistemde, manipüle edilmiş veya eksik bilgiler yanlış anlamalara veya yanlış hesaplamalara neden olabilmekte, çatışma kararları alınabilmektedir. Bu zincirleme etki, liderlerin rasyonellikten uzaklaşmasına ve dolayısıyla geri adım atılamayacak çatışmalara zemin hazırlayabilmektedir. Yapay zekânın bahse konu yanlış anlama ve yanlış hesaplama eğilimlerini güçlendirici bir rol oynaması mümkündür. Bu nedenle yapay zekânın istismar edilmesi hususunda yeni bir bilinç düzeyinin ve önleyici tedbirlerin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Yapay zekâ teknolojisi, 1956 yılında Dartmouth Konferansı’nda kavramsal olarak kullanılmasından bu yana büyük bir gelişim göstermiş ve günümüzde devrim niteliğinde bir etki yaratmıştır. Üretken yapay zekâ araçları, derin öğrenme, çekişmeli üretken ağ (GAN) ve doğal dil işleme (NLP) teknikleri sayesinde, içerik üretimini oldukça kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu teknoloji, görselleri, farklı duygu belirten perspektiflere dönüştürmeyi, ses dosyalarını istenilen ses frekansına çevirmeyi ve metinsel veriler üretimini mümkün kılmaktadır. Ayrıca, Yapay zekâ algoritmalarının, ‘deepfake’ teknolojilerinde kullanılmasıyla birlikte, sosyal medya platformları gibi geniş ağlar üzerinde, dezenformasyonun artmasında oldukça etkili olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, yapay zekâ teknolojisi öğrenme, veri analizi ve dil işleme yetenekleri sayesinde doğrulama işlemlerinde de aktif olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu özellikler sayesinde, sosyal medya platformları gerçek zamanlı olarak denetlenebilmekte ve hatalı bilgilerin düzeltilmesi için doğrulama birimlerine bildirimde bulunulabilmektedir. Ayrıca, uydu, dron ve otomasyon sistemleri ile bilgi toplama ve istihbarat faaliyetlerinde de kullanılmaktadır. Öneri sistemleri, anormallik tespiti ve tahmin modelleri gibi çeşitli üstün yetenekleri sayesinde, karar vericilerin rasyonelliğini artırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu fonksiyonel özellikler, yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin küresel barış ve istikrarın korunmasında önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dezenformasyon Otomatik Doğrulama Üretken Yapay Zekâ Yanlış Anlama Yanlış Hesap

Etik Beyan

Etik beyan gerektiren bir araştırma olmadığı için alınmamamıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Araştırmada kurum desteği bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

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  • Sheikh, H., Prins , C., & Schrijvers, E. (2023). Mission AI the new system technology. Cham: Springer Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21448-6
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  • Singh, A. K., & Singh, P. (2021). Detection of AI-synthesized speech using cepstral ve bispectral statistics. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2009.01934
  • Singh, I. (2023). AI in OSINT: Revolutionizing Open Source Intelligence. Medium. 25 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde https://inderbarara.medium.com/ai-in-osint-revolutionizing-open-source-intelligence-131ab8c79467 adresinden erişildi.
  • Sommer, R., & Paxson, V. (2010). Outside the closed world: on using machine learning for network intrusion detection. Symposium on Security and Privacy (305-316). Oakland: IEEE. doi:10.1109/SP.2010.25
  • Spring, M. (2024). Trump supporters target black voters with faked AI images. BBC. 3 Eylül 2024 tarihinde https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68440150 adresinden erişildi.
  • Stanham, L. (2025). AI-Powered Cyberattacks. Crowdstrike. 3 Nisan 2025 tarihinde https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/cybersecurity-101/cyberattacks/ai-powered-cyberattacks/?form=MG0AV3 adresinden erişildi.
  • Stencel, M., Ryan, E., & Luther, J. (2024). With half the planet going to the polls in 2024, fact-checking sputters. Reporterslab. 5 Nisan 2025 tarihinde https://reporterslab.org/with-half-the-planet-going-to-the-polls-in-2024-fact-checking-sputters/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Steven, L. B., & Livingston, L. S. (2018). The disinformation order: Disruptive communication and the decline of democratic institutions. European Journal of Communication, 33(2), 122-139. doi:10.1177/0267323118760317
  • Sun, Y., Sheng, D., Zhou, Z., & Wu, Y. (2024). AI hallucination: towards a comprehensive classification of distorted information in artificial intelligence-generated content. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1278), 1-14. doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03811-x
  • Thormundsson, B. (2024). ChatGPT - statistics & facts. Statista. 17 Eylül 2024 tarihinde https://www.statista.com/topics/10446/chatgpt/#topFacts adresinden erişildi.
  • Twomey, J., Ching, D., Aylett, M., Quayle, M., Linehan, C., & Murphy, G. (2023). Do deepfake videos undermine our epistemic trust? A thematic analysis of tweets that discuss deepfakes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. PLOS ONE, 18(10), 1-22. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0291668
  • U.S. Department of State. (2024). AI Inventory. State. 7 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde https://www.state.gov/data-strategy/ai_inventory/ adresinden erişildi.
  • U.S. Department of State. (t.y.). The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962. Office of the Historian. 13 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis adresinden erişildi.
  • Ulak, S. (2024). Yapay Zekanın Silahlandırılması Çağında Siber Tehditlerle Mücadele. Siberulak. 26 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde https://siberulak.com/yapay-zekanin-silahlandirilmasi-caginda-siber-tehditlerle-mucadele/?form=MG0AV3 adresinden erişildi.
  • Ulutaş, F. (2024). Derin Sahte Görüntüler (Deepfake) Nedir Ve Nasıl Yapılır? Cyberskillshub. 19 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde https://cyberskillshub.com/derin-sahte-goruntuler-deepfake-nedir/ adresinden erişildi.
  • United Nations. (2022). Humanity ‘One Misunderstanding, Miscalculation Away from Nuclear Annihilation’, Secretary-General Warns as Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference Begins. NPT REVIEW CONFERENCE,. New York: United Nations. 27 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde https://press.un.org/en/2022/dc3845.doc.htm adresinden erişildi.
  • Ünal, A., & Kılınç, İ. (2024). Üretken yapay zekâların iş dünyası üzerine etkilerine ilişkin erken dönem bir değerlendirme. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(90), 776-797. doi:10.17755/esosder.1411805
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Toplam 154 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyasal İletişim, Uluslararası Siyaset, Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Oğuzhan Altan 0000-0001-6633-0094

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 3 Ekim 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Altan, O. (2025). Üretken Yapay Zekâ Teknolojisinin Yanlış Anlama Ve Yanlış Hesap Yapma Üzerindeki İkili Etkisi. ESAM Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(2), 171-224. https://doi.org/10.53662/esamdergisi.1561129
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