
I have recently introduced my kids to Star Trek the same way I was introduced to it- by watchin The Next Generation. I remember many nights at my grandparents’ house trying to stay awake while watching an episode as it played around my bedtime, or having family dinner on the couch so we could watch the latest episodes. I also know that Season 1 is… a bit hit-or-miss, so I’ve been selectively picking which episodes to watch. One of those, which remains burned in my memory, is Season 1 Episode 8, “Justice.” I admit I was surprised to see that it is largely critically panned and many fans consider it a terrible episode. I’m here to say I think it’s actually pretty good. It is a thought experiment, and I think it’s a fairly successful one.
A thought experiment in philosophy is just an imagined scenario that is set up to test a theory or argument. It’s a very popular thing in philosophy (and economics, among other fields). One of the most famous thought experiments is the trolley problem, in which someone is asked to imagine a scenario in which there is a trolley track with 5 people tied on it and a trolley barreling towards them. The person is placed in the position of being able to pull a lever that would divert the trolley away from the 5 people on it and instead run over the one person tied upon the side track. Should they do it? This kind of scenario helps test all kinds of theories of ethics, among others.
In “Justice,” the thought experiment is pretty straightforward: what if we could eliminated essentially all law-breaking in society by having the one penalty be death? The premise is that the crew of the Enterprise shows up on the planet of Edo, sees it’s basically a utopic life, and decides to hang out… only to find out there’s one big caveat: any breaking of the law is met with the death penalty. And of course, they find this out only after Wesley has transgressed the rules by chasing a ball only to fall onto some growing planets, disturbing them. The society moves to execute Wesley, as their laws demand, but are stopped from doing so by the crew of the Enterprise.
Talk about this episode with children also made me realize why it had such an impact on me as a child. While adults seeing it for the first time might complain about how simplistic the setup is as an obvious thought experiment that would never work in reality… it is remarkably effective at getting its point across. Is this justice? one might ask unironically. People might roll their eyes at it, but the question really begs to be asked and answered. Would we be willing to live in a society like that of Edo if we could have that kind of life? I mean, it sure looks pretty good from here. And the episode seems quite effective to me in its question of what we might be willing to sacrifice for an easy life. Would we stand on justice or not? Is justice even a plausibly objective quality such that it could be used to rule on this case?
Picard has one of his early great one-liners in this episode, too: “There can be no justice so long as laws are absolute. Even life itself is an exercise in exceptions.” It’s interesting because this is set alongside the juxtaposition with whether to breach the Prime Directive or not–something viewers can see clearly happens.
Of course this hints at one of the other main themes of the episode. It’s not just abstractly about whether it might be just to have a society operate the way it does on Edo. It’s also about whether laws themselves might be unjust and what that might mean. Is it responsible to violate or break or change unjust laws? It seems so: but if one just accepts laws for what they are, there cannot be justice. If laws are absolute, there can be no justice.
One thing I haven’t mentioned yet is the wrinkle the episode introduces to the rather simplistic setup of the law above. Namely, there are “enforcement zones” that cycle by some unknown means such that, if you break a rule (like transgressing a boundary around growing flowers) in a non-enforcement zone, you’re left alone. At least, that’s what I think the episode is implying by these rolling zones. Only some areas are actively monitored and punished. The philosophical side of me asks: how might this impact the scenarios explored already? Would people desperately be attempting to find out whether they’re in an enforcement area (or not)? Would there be some kind of black market of information about which zones are in enforcement? Underground “rule breaking” areas where people get their thrills by transgressing simple boundaries? None of this is explored in the episode, of course, but it leaves fertile ground for the imagination. Maybe the people of Edo only present their beatific, perfect society to outsiders. Maybe the crew of the Enterprise wasn’t around long enough to see this dark side of the rules.
Obviously, I don’t think the episode implies or suggests this is a thing. Instead, we are presented with what appears a sincere notion that this society basically just is perfection (apart from the occasional execution for tripping into a fence). It reminds me of Ursula K. Le Guin’s short story, “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas,” in which a society is perfect except for them having to hold a single child in “perpetual filth, darkness, and misery.” Here, on Edo, those who transgress–even by accident–are the Omelas child. They pay the price so society can thrive. Is that such a bad thing?
Again, I’m left wondering about why the episode ranks so low in Star Trek fandom. A look at Wiki shows that it is among the lowest rated episodes of The Next Generation. Yes, it has some cheesy dialogue, cheesy acting, and terrible outfits for the locals. We could argue some of these points. Maybe someone thinks the cheesy lines “Nice planet”- Worf adds, rather than detracts, from the episode (I would find myself in this camp, actually). Maybe others think the campiness is alluring rather than off-putting. But to me, none of those undermine the central strength of the episode, which is to use science fiction as a tool to introduce philosophical concepts to the masses. And it does that rather successfully. Finally, my last words of appeal to say this episode is good (or at least passable), actually: it absolutely made its concepts clear to my kids. They didn’t get the tongue-in-cheek jokes about sex; but they absolutely understood the core concepts. So let’s try to give “Justice” some justice: it might actually have some good points.
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Read more of my looks at Star Trek episodes and beyond here (scroll down for more).
SDG.




