The link between ethnic diversity and scientific impact: the mediating effect of novelty and audience diversity

Table 5 Summary table of the results of Nano, Eco and ILS in relation to the five hypotheses

	Nano	Eco	ILS
Short term relationships
H1:E_D—— > FNCS_3y
Total effect	+	+	+
Direct effect	−	−	/ (without control) −(with control)
H2: E_D—— > Novelty	+	+	+
H3: E_D—— > A3_E_D	+	+	+
H4: Novelty—— > FNCS_3y	+ (without control) / (with control)	+	+
H5: A3_E_D—— > FNCS_3y	+	+	+
Long term relationships
H1:E_D—— > FNCS_6y
Total effect	+	+	+
Direct effect	+ (without control) / (with control)	/ (without control) − (with control)	/
H2: E_D—— > Novelty	+	+	+
H3: E_D—— > A6_E_D	+	+	+
H4: Novelty—— > FNCS_6y	+	+	+
H5: A6_E_D—— > FNCS_6y	+	+	+

“ + ” indicates that the hypothesis is confirmed by a positive relationship between the two, “−” indicates a negative relationship, whereas “/” indicates that there is no relationship (the confidence interval not including 0 means a positive/negative relationship, while the confidence interval including 0 means no relationship). For each cell, two results are given only if the results are different when considering control variables compared to not considering them