Abstract

In this work (in Portuguese), we present an introduction to Aristotle’s Theory of the Four Discourses, which we adopt as a powerful framework for examining the dense and complex character of science as a discourse. The aim is to draw a parallel between this theory and the development of the Philosophy of Science in the twentieth century. As a result, we are able to understand, under this new classificatory key, important aspects of the works of major philosophers of science such as Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, Paul Feyerabend, and Willard van Quine.