Abstract

The increasing adoption of renewable energy in universities presents opportunities for sustainable power generation but also introduces significant safety challenges, particularly during rooftop solar panel installations. Improper handling of structural and electrical requirements can result in falls, electrocution, fire hazards, and long-term operational risks. This study evaluates safety protocols for the installation of a 600W solar panel system on a university building. A Job Safety Analysis (JSA) was used to identify hazards across installation tasks, while a risk matrix ranked hazards by severity and likelihood. To strengthen safety implementation, a Safety Protocol Implementation Equation—Safety = Awareness × Preparation × Action—was developed, incorporating weighted factors such as training, equipment quality, compliance, and proactive reporting. A Job Safety Analysis (JSA) identified hazards such as falls, shocks, fire, and weather risks, recommending preventive measures like PPE, scaffolding, and proper wiring. A risk matrix was applied to rank hazards by severity and likelihood, prioritizing immediate controls for high-risk tasks. To systematize safety, a Safety Protocol Implementation Equation was developed: Safety = Awareness × Preparation × Action. Weighted factors, including training, equipment quality, compliance, and reporting, generate a measurable Safety Score, guiding effective, regulation-compliant solar installation.