Abstract

Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in computation, leveraging the principles of superposition and entanglement to perform tasks beyond the reach of classical computers. This paper provides an overview of key quantum algorithms, including Shor’s algorithm for integer factorization, Grover’s search algorithm, and quantum simulation techniques. It discusses their underlying principles, computational advantages, and practical implications across fields such as cryptography, optimization, and material science. Additionally, the paper examines the current challenges in implementing these algorithms on existing quantum hardware and explores future directions for enhancing their efficiency and scalability. Overall, this study highlights the transformative impact of quantum algorithms on modern computing and their potential to redefine problem-solving in science and industry.