Abstract

This study proposes to conclude Darwinian “evolution theory” not as the final principle of biological diversity but as a historical descrip- tive model, and to provide a new foundation of natural history based on probabilistic geometry and structural genesis. While natural se- lection and adaptation remain useful, they cannot fully account for phenomena generated by DNA-constrained developmental processes, environmental interactions, and stochastic fluctuations. Insect diver- sity exemplifies this limitation: even within Hemiptera, we observe extreme divergences, from cicadas (Cicadidae) to treehoppers (Mem- bracidae) with bizarre protrusions or camouflage species blending into bark. Such differentiation must be understood as emergent outcomes of DNA expression dynamics ×environmental fields ×probabilistic processes. We formulate state spaces, measures, and limits (N →∞), showing diversity as visibility of rare events through laws of large numbers, large deviations, and scaling principles.