Abstract

In today's global society, learners are shifting their roles from passive recipients of knowledge to active participants in creating knowledge themselves. This necessitates that teachers encourage students to engage in higher-order thinking, discussions, interactions, and hands-on activities according to individual differences. Therefore, proactive learning materials in social studies are crucial guidelines that teachers can use to align with 21st-century classrooms. This approach aims to develop students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes for happy learning while solving problems when facing real-life situations.