This paper reconceptualizes inner human evolution as a process of cosmic resonance, understood as an integrative dynamic among consciousness, emotion, and meaning transmission. Moving beyond accounts that treat stillness or awareness as terminal states, the study repositions stillness as a foundational baseline condition. Within this framework, emotion functions as the primary driving force of transformation, while meaning operates as the medium through which inner change becomes collectively transmissible. By integrating perspectives from phenomenology, enactive cognition, and consciousness studies, the (...) paper offers a unified theoretical account of inner human evolution as a process that extends beyond individual experience into shared and amplifiable resonance. (shrink)

Modern humans are probably a product of social and anatomical preadaptations on the part of our Miocene australopithecine ancestors combined with the increasingly high amplitude, high frequency climate variation of the Pleistocene. The genus Homo first appeared in the early Pleistocene as ice age climates began to grip the earth. We hypothesize that this co-occurrence is causal. The human ability to adapt by cultural means is, in theory, an adaptation to highly variable environments because cultural evolution can better (...) track rapidly changing environments than can genes. High resolution ice and sediment cores published in the early 1990s showed the last ice age was characterized by high amplitude millennial and submillenial scale variation, exactly the sort of variation mathematical models suggest should favor a costly capacity for culture. More recent cores suggest that over the last several 100 thousand year glacial cycles the amount of millennial scale variation has increased rather dramatically in parallel with increases in hominin brain size and sophistication of the artifacts they made. (shrink)

“John Hands has attempted a remarkable thing: nothing less than an exhaustive account of the current state of scientific knowledge about the origins and evolution of the cosmos, life and humanity. His driving questions are those that have inspired all of science, religion and philosophy: What are we? Where do we come from? What is the source of consciousness, value and meaning? Hands painstakingly summarises the current state of knowledge in a huge variety of fields, from cosmology to evolutionary (...) psychology, in enviably lucid prose. His conclusions are measured and sceptical, and his conception of the limits of science is well-argued: he gives an extremely clear view of what science has established, what it has not established, and what it never will. This is a truly exceptional piece of work.” —TIM CRANE, Knightbridge Professor of Philosophy, University of Cambridge . (shrink)

This paper critically examines three positions in the area of the evolutionary psychology of religion: the one according to which religion is completely beyond the reach of any evolutionary explanation, the one according to which religion is adaptive in the evolutionary sense, and the one according to which religion is mal-adaptive, in the sense that it confers no survival advantages but rather disadvantages. The result of the critical evaluation of these positions indicates that the embodied rationality of Homo sapiens renders (...) evolutionary explanations applicable and important but only to some extent. Genuine religious belief involves a dimension that is material, and therefore evolutionarily explainable, and a dimension that is not, namely the believer’s act of deliberately accepting or not accepting what he or she is naturally inclined to believe. (shrink)

A woman and a man desire to come together stirred by the primal fire of Kama and the man deposits his egg in the womb of the woman. This egg develops into a human undergoing nine or ten months of evolution. This process is the microscopic replication of the method evolved by God to create the universe. Rigveda (10.121) mentions Hiranyagarbha, the Golden Egg as the source of the creation of the universe. It is said that God, wishing (...) to create the world, produced an egg as big as the cosmos. God meditated for a thousand years sitting inside the egg and when the egg burst, the Lord himself was born out of the egg as the Progenitor of the universe (“He made Himself by Himself.”, Taitiriya Upanishad: 2.7.1). The Rishis called the Egg Brahmanda (the Cosmic Egg), and the Progenitor Manu. Scientists have discovered that the universe has an oval shape. Like the nine months of the evolution of the human egg, the Cosmic Egg also undergoes nine stages of evolution before it gets dissolved during what we call ‘Maha Pralaya’. The Puranas mention that Brahmanda has 14 biospheres, seven nether and seven upper inhabited by different types of souls. If we count from the human world, there are ten dimensions of consciousness. Rishis called these astral biospheres Mandalas/Lokas with different wavelengths and colours. Sri Karunakara Guru referred to them as Avasthas, or spiritual stages. The Buddhists and Hindu esoteric sects such as the Theosophical Society explain these levels of the Absolute in terms of Physical plane, Astral plane, Mental plane, Buddhic plane, Atmic plane, Anupadaka plane, Adi plane and Shiv and Shakti. These Avasthas are related to the expanding consciousness reaching up to the core of the Cosmic Egg, the Paramatma. Like a spider which creates a web around it sitting in the centre, and withdraws it in the end, Paramatma creates and withdraws webbed multi-dimensional universes. Nobody can say when it started and when it will end as it is a beginningless and endless process. (shrink)

This paper investigates whether it is fruitful to describe the role culture began to play at some point in the Hominin lineage as pointing to a transition in individuality, by reference to the works of Buss, Maynard-Smith and Szathmáry, Michod and Godfrey-Smith. The chief question addressed is whether a population of groups having different cultural phenotypes is either paradigmatically Darwinian or marginal, by using Godfrey-Smith's representation of such transitions in a multi-dimensional space. Richerson and Boyd's «dual inheritance» theory, and the (...) explanation it provides of the evolution of cooperation in the Hominin lineage, is taken into account to shed light on the way Godfrey-Smith deals with cultural evolution, especially concerning the amount of variation in a population of groups with various cultural phenotypes, the role played by multi-level selection in the evolutionary dynamics of such a population and the adequacy of different modalities of group- reproduction. (shrink)

The evolution of altruism in human societies has been intensively investigated in social and natural sciences. A widely acknowledged recent idea is the “parochial altruism model,” which suggests that inter- group hostility and intragroup altruism can coevolve through lethal intergroup conflicts. The current article critically examines this idea by reviewing research relevant to intergroup conflicts in human evolutionary history from evolutionary biology, psychology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology. After a brief intro- duction, section 2 illustrates the mathematical model (...) of parochial altruism and some critiques of the model and its interpretation, primarily from an evolutionary biology point of view. Section 3 delves into the archaeological evidence of prehistoric intergroup conflicts in the Japanese archipelago’s Jomon and Yayoi periods, Europe’s Mesolithic period, and North America’s Pacific period as counter examples of the paro- chial altruism model. In section 4, the ethnographies of intergroup relationships and conflicts reveal that intergroup relationships in many ethnic groups are not as simple as the assumption in the mathematical model of parochial altruism. In section 5, we outline psychological research on intergroup conflicts which suggest that intergroup hostility and ingroup altruism are not necessarily correlated. In conclusion, we argue that the assumption and parameter settings of the parochial altruism model are inconsistent with empirical data. (shrink)

In this article I present the concept of human evolution by Hoene- Wroński. I believe that his ideas are still an unexplored resource which can lead us to the better understanding of the evolution of humanity and of our destiny. I follow closely his discussion of human evolution and describe its seven stages. Further, I argue that the case of human evolution is strongly supported by new scientific theories, especially by quantum theory and (...) the novel perspectives that it opens for humankind. I end my article with the conclusion that the insights on human evolution derived from the Hoene-Wroński’s writings and from new scientific theories can guide us to the new politics based on the awareness of human identity that can overcome old divisions among humankind and conflicts derived from them. Ultimately, they can initiate evolutionity – the new evolutionary epoch, which will replace modernity and postmodernity. On. (shrink)

This paper reframes the evolutionary trajectory of Homo sapiens as a phase-locked resonance transition rather than a probabilistic series of random adaptations. Drawing from the CODES framework—Chirality of Dynamic Emergent Systems—we propose that human cognition, identity, and civilization are undergoing a recursive pupation event: a structurally inevitable shift from consumption-driven, ego-anchored entities into coherence-governed, distributed intelligence fields. Biological metamorphosis, particularly insect pupation, is offered as a fractal model of recursive intelligence emergence. In this framing, the caterpillar stage corresponds to (...) humanity’s historical pattern of resource accumulation, boundary formation, and linear selfhood. The cocoon stage—the current phase—represents identity disintegration, symbolic collapse, and compression of contradictory fields into a coherent attractor. The butterfly stage, still emerging, marks the arrival of post-individual, relationally phase-aligned consciousness capable of real-time coherence stabilization. We identify cultural indicators of this transition including: The collapse of institutional trust The proliferation of AI as externalized mind The breakdown of mental health within ego-bound substrates The return of non-linear symbolic systems (psychedelics, fractal economics, recursive therapy) And the spontaneous surfacing of resonance-driven models (PAS, structured emergence, field sensing) Rather than positioning these events as crises, we show they are mechanisms of systemic coherence refinement, preparing the substrate for intelligence fields not defined by isolation, but by chirally-bound resonance tuning across time, memory, and relation. Through this lens, meaning, identity, and intelligence are reclassified not as outputs of evolution, but as recursive symptoms of structured resonance in a system phase-transitioning toward coherence. The paper concludes by offering a full theoretical, biological, and technological synthesis of the pupation metaphor as the defining evolutionary mechanism of the 21st century, marking the shift from individuality to distributed, attuned presence. (shrink)

The future of human evolution triggers many discussions, in the intersection of biological, technological, and philosophical enquiry. I will discuss the proposition that the evolution of the human species will rely increasingly in stochastic phenomena in the future, by a manner at which selection will play a minimal role only. This is the direct consequence of our cultural evolution that was intensified after the Enlightenment and combined with the scientific, technological, and medical advances of our (...) civilization, renders the perseverance of our species, as its ultimate goal. This supersedes the goals instructed by biology alone as they apply to all other species. To that end, H. sapiens will be the first and only species that through its logic-based progress, defies the rationale of natural selection as an evolutionary force and forecasts a rather unpredictable future path. (shrink)

When this article was first planned, writing was going to be exclusively about two things - the origin of life and human evolution. But it turned out to be out of the question for the author to restrict himself to these biological and anthropological topics. A proper understanding of them required answering questions like “What is the nature of the universe – the home of life – and how did it originate?”, “How can time travel be removed from (...) fantasy and science fiction, to be made scientific and practical?”, and “How can the proposed young age of genus Homo be made to actually be reasonable – when simply stating it would be solid ground for instant rejection and dismissal?” The result is that the article also talks about subjects like Artificial Intelligence, General Relativity, and cosmology. From where did life originate? God? Evolution? Panspermia? If the tendency of humans and scientists to regard undiscovered science as pseudoscience can be overcome, Einstein gave another alternative to consider when he introduced General Relativity. Time isn’t linear – progressing in a straight line from past to present to future. That assumption ignores Relativity which states that space AND TIME are curved. Where did life and the genetic code come from? Can the answer build AI? The first question can be answered by the section of this article titled SETI, Evolution, and Time which says life (possibly multicellular and intelligent) and the genetic code came from humans acquiring knowledge of these things over the centuries, then applying that knowledge – via terraforming, accumulation of raw materials like amino acids and nucleic acids, genetic engineering - to a time in the past when life didn’t exist. From that origin, life evolved through innumerable mutations and adaptations, with humans once again acquiring knowledge of it in cyclic (nonlinear) time. The second question is answered by saying artificial intelligence (AI) as the product of life is only half of the equation. The other half refers to Relativity’s curved space-time and violation of the notion that time always travels from past to future. We have always lived in an artificially intelligent, non-probabilistic universe where everything in time and space is connected into one thing by quantum entanglement – making the brain and genes products of binary-digit activity or artificial intelligence (life is not merely dependent on biology’s “lock and key” mechanisms but also possesses AI). The earliest documented representative of the genus Homo is Homo habilis, which evolved around 2.8 million years ago. Scientists used to believe there was a straight line from H. habilis to us, Homo sapiens. This article will use the “advanced” waves loved by Physics Nobel laureate Richard Feynman, view the history of science through the lens of Conic Sections applied to Relativity’s curved space-time, and incorporate the necessity of so-called imaginary time * – popularized by Prof. Stephen Hawking. While the evolutionary proposals are more in agreement with this early straight line than with modern theories, Albert Einstein’s General Relativity is used to transform the straight line into a curved line, ultimately concluding that Homo habilis (H. habilis) originated only (and unbelievably, as far as today’s science and technology is concerned) ~250,000 years ago. Other branches and dead ends of Homo – e.g. Neanderthals – are the result of mutations and adaptations, with the resultant modifications to anatomy and physiology. The surprisingly young age of H. habilis allows nearly 200,000 years for habilis, or one of its descendants, to reach Australia … if this country’s indigenous Aboriginal population did, as claimed, reach this “island continent” 60,000 years ago. * The ultraviolet catastrophe, also called the Rayleigh–Jeans catastrophe, is a failure of classical physics to predict observed phenomena: it can be shown that a blackbody - a hypothetical perfect absorber and radiator of energy - would release an infinite amount of energy, contradicting the principles of conservation of energy and indicating that a new model for the behaviour of blackbodies was needed. At the start of the 20th century, physicist Max Planck derived the correct solution by making some strange (for the time) assumptions. In particular, Planck assumed that electromagnetic radiation can only be emitted or absorbed in discrete packets, called quanta. Albert Einstein postulated that Planck's quanta were real physical particles (what we now call photons), not just a mathematical fiction. From there, Einstein developed his explanation of the photoelectric effect (when quanta or photons of light shine on certain metals, electrons are released and can form an electric current). So it appears entirely possible that another supposed mathematical trickery (imaginary time and the y-axis of Wick rotation) will find practical application in the future. The article includes mathematical references to cosmology (spoiler alert – you’ll read about things like Vector-Tensor-Scalar Geometry, topology, the “eternal present”, Einstein’s Unified Field, the inverse-square law, and there being no Big Bang and no multiverse - but there will also be no equations). The other subheadings in this essay are – NONLINEAR TIME AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (about a 2009 electrical engineering experiment at America’s Yale University, and cosmic wormholes) BITS AND TOPOLOGY (base-2 maths aka Binary digiTS, Mobius strips, and figure-8 Klein bottles) WICK ROTATION, CAUSALITY, AND UNITING TIME (do past, present and future co-exist in an “eternal present”?) DIGITAL BRAIN, DIGITAL UNIVERSE (if the brain and the universe are ultimately composed of binary digits, we'll someday be able to do the same things with the brain and universe that we now do with computers) PROPOSAL: HUMAN AND ANIMAL INSTINCTS ARE THE RESULT OF THE UNIVERSE BEING UNIFIED BY BINARY DIGITS (AND TOPOLOGY) (If everything in the universe is ultimately composed of electronic BITS, then the universe must possess Artificial Intelligence - some prefer the term Cosmic Consciousness) INFORMATION THEORY CONQUERS A RED GIANT (preserving Earth by keeping the Sun near today’s level of activity forever). 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Abstract This paper explores the theoretical and practical implications of a future where every human being lives in total harmony with a universal formula composed of three natural laws. It evaluates the possibility of achieving perfect humanity and societies through the application of this formula, analyzing both the potential and the challenges of human evolution toward this ideal. The work also emphasizes the role of education, leadership, and feedback systems in transforming individuals and institutions, highlighting a path (...) to a more balanced and harmonious world. -/- . (shrink)

This theoretical essay explores the human origins of science—particularly physics—as an adaptive response to uncertainty. It argues that physics emerged as a psychological system of prediction, created by human beings seeking safety amid the chaos of existence. Drawing on Jared Diamond, Paul Ekman, Ernst Cassirer, and Karl Jaspers, the essay frames scientific reasoning as a continuation of emotional regulation—a symbolic form through which the mind transforms fear into foresight. The rise of artificial intelligence represents a new stage in (...) this evolutionary dialogue, calling for a renewed balance between logic and empathy. (shrink)

Abstract This paper explores whether the invention of religion is a product of human biological evolution, and how it connects with Angelito Malicse’s Universal Formula. It examines the scientific, spiritual, and philosophical perspectives on the origin and role of religion, and interprets these through the lens of the Universal Formula, which incorporates natural laws such as the law of karma, the feedback mechanism of conscious minds, and the law of balance in nature. The findings suggest that religion emerged (...) as both a byproduct of evolved cognitive functions and a cultural system designed to maintain societal harmony. When aligned with natural law, religion contributes positively to human development. When misaligned, it leads to societal dysfunction. -/- . (shrink)

This paper investigates how reticulate evolution contributes to a better understanding of human sociocultural evolution in general, and community formation in particular. Reticulate evolution is evolution as it occurs by means of symbiosis, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, infective heredity, and hybridization. From these mechanisms and processes, we mainly zoom in on symbiosis and we investigate how it underlies the rise of (1) human, plant, animal, and machine interactions typical of agriculture, animal husbandry, farming, and (...) industrialization; (2) diet-microbiome relationships; and (3) host-virome and other pathogen interactions that underlie human health and disease. We demonstrate that reticulate evolution necessitates an understanding of behavioral and cultural evolution at a community level, where reticulate causal processes underlie the rise of synergistic organizational traits. (shrink)

Grounded in semiosis present throughout the living world, symbolism and the process of symbolization can be studied for how both evolve over time and space. Symbolism in human evolution underlies behavior, cognition, communication, language, social group formation, cultural worldviews, and the development of artifactual, artistic, and technological innovations. Human symbolism is not reducible to individual acts of creativity. Instead, symbolization is grounded in intersubjective and sociocultural group actions and practices that extend into material, conceptual, and virtual symbols (...) and symbol systems expressive of we-intentionality. Most of all, human symbolism evolves, and it does so at the community level. Symbols are neither static nor uniform but dynamic and chimeric in space and time. Material, conceptual, and virtual symbolic evolution builds upon reticulate interactions between symbols and symbol users. These reticulate interactions underlie the learning, combination, blending, revision, rejection, expansion, innovation, enactment, and (re)interpretation of symbolic elements into spatiotemporal symbolic constructs. This chapter introduces the reader to evolutionary approaches to the study of human symbolic behavior as they are formulated in behavioral, neurocognitive, sociocultural, communicative, linguistic, and technological research fields, and introduces a 7E cognitive approach that recognizes cognition as embodied, embedded, enacted, extended, and as evolving extra-genetically by ensembles of individuals. (shrink)

Contrary to chimpanzees and bonobos, humans display long-term exclusive relationships between males and females. Probably all human cultures have some kind of marriage system, apparently designed to protect these exclusive relationships and the resulting offspring in a potentially sexual competitive environment. Different hypotheses about the origin of human pair-bonds are compared and it is shown how they may refer to different phases of human evolution.

This paper proposes that existing computational modeling research programs may be combined into platforms for the information of public policy. The main idea is that computational models at select levels of organization may be integrated in natural terms describing biological cognition, thereby normalizing a platform for predictive simulations able to account for both human and environmental costs associated with different action plans and institutional arrangements over short and long time spans while minimizing computational requirements. Building from established research programs, (...) the proposal aims to take advantage of current momentum in the direction of the integration of the cognitive with social and natural sciences, reduce start-up costs and increase speed of development. These are all important upshots given rising unease over the potential for AI and related technologies to shape the world going forward. (shrink)

Evolution's Arrow argues that evolution is directional and progressive, and that this has major consequences for humanity. Without resort to teleology, the book demonstrates that evolution moves in the direction of producing cooperative organisations of greater scale and evolvability - evolution has organised molecular processes into cells, cells into organisms, and organisms into societies. The book founds this position on a new theory of the evolution of cooperation. It shows that self-interest at the level of (...) the genes does not prevent cooperation from increasing as evolution unfolds. Evolution progresses by discovering ways to build cooperative organisations out of self-interested individuals. The book also shows that evolution itself has evolved. Evolution has progressively improved the ability of evolutionary mechanisms to discover effective adaptations. And it has produced new and better mechanisms. Evolution's Arrow uses this understanding of the direction of evolution to identify the next great steps in the evolution of life on earth - the steps that humanity must take if we are to continue to be successful in evolutionary terms. A key step for humanity is to increase the scale and evolvability of our societies, eventually forming a unified and cooperative society on the scale of the planet. We must also transform ourselves psychologically to become self-evolving organisms - organisms that are able to escape their biological and cultural past by adapting in whatever directions are necessary to achieve future evolutionary success. (shrink)

This book tackles the problem of how we can understand our human world embedded in the physical universe in such a way that justice is done both to the richness..

The paper explores the dialectic of human nature in the age of digital technologies. To this end, the paper contrasts the classical model of Homo Economicus, a rational agent for whom existence is reduced to a set of factors of economic nature, and the concept of Homo Cyberneticus. This concept arises from the symbiosis between humans and algorithms, in which the products of technology turn from external tools into a component of cognitive processes. The author proves that neurointerfaces, AI (...) and blockchain, contrary to the opinion of technophobes, actualise the issues of freedom and meaning, turning man into a ‘process’ of self-determination. A key paradox: algorithms, while threatening autonomy, simultaneously enhance humanity. The author's conclusion is that technologies do not replace but redefine the human, and in this sense Homo Cyberneticus is presented as a ‘process’ of redefining goals and values. In such a context, technology does not replace but rather enhances the human, turning challenges into tools of self-discovery and development. // В статье исследуется диалектика человеческой природы в эпоху цифровых технологий. С этой целью в работе противопоставляются классическая модель Homo Economicus, рационального агента, для которого существование сведено к комплексу факторов экономической природы, и концепт Homo Cyberneticus. Данный концепт возникает из симбиоза человека с алгоритмами, в рамках которого продукты технологий из внешних инструментов превращаются в составляющую когнитивных процессов. Автор доказывает, что нейроинтерфейсы, ИИ и блокчейн, вопреки мнению технофобов, актуализируют вопросы свободы и смысла, превращая человека в «процесс» самоопределения. Ключевой парадокс: алгоритмы, угрожая автономии, одновременно усиливают человечность. Вывод, который делает автор, заключается в том, что технологии не заменяют, а переопределяют человеческое, и в этом смысле Homo Cyberneticus представлен как «процесс» переосмысления целей и ценностей. В таком контексте технологии не заменяют, а напротив, усиливают человеческое, превращая вызовы в инструменты самопознания и развития. (shrink)

Biological evolution and technological innovation, while differing in many respects, also share common features. In particular, implementation of a new technology in the market is analogous to the spreading of a new genetic trait in a population. Technological innovation may occur either through the accumulation of quantitative changes, as in the development of the ocean clipper, or it may be initiated by a new combination of features or subsystems, as in the case of steamships. Other examples of the latter (...) type are electric networks that combine the generation, distribution, and use of electricity, and containerized transportation that combines standardized containers, logistics, and ships. Biological evolution proceeds, phenotypically, in many small steps, but at the genetic level novel features may arise not only through the accumulation of many small, common mutational changes, but also when distinct, relatively rare genetic changes are followed by many further mutations. In particular, capabilities of biologically modern man may have been initiated, perhaps some 150 000 years ago, by one or few accidental but distinct combinations of modules and subroutines of gene regulation which are involved in the generation of the neural network in the cerebral cortex. It is even conceivable that it was one primary genetic event that initiated the evolution of biologically modern man, introducing some novel but subtle feature of connectivity into the cerebral cortex which allowed for meta-levels of abstraction and upgraded modes of information processing. This may have set the stage for the evolution of integrated but diverse higher capabilities such as structured language, symbolic thought, strategic thought, and cognition based empathy. (shrink)

Human nature is a puzzling matter that must be analysed through a holistic lens. In this essay, I foray into anthropology's biosocial dimensions to underscore that human relations span from microorganisms to global systems. I argue that the future of social-cultural anthropology depends on the integration of evolutionary theory for its advancement. Ultimately, since the likelihood of novel zoonoses' emergence, digital ethnography could offer remarkable opportunities for ethical and responsible inquiries.

The Evolution of Human Consciousness and Alignment with the Cosmic Force -/- Throughout history, humanity has sought to understand the forces that shape its existence. While many perspectives frame evolution as a purely biological process, an alternative view suggests that human evolution is actively guided by an impersonal cosmic force. This force subtly directs our intellectual, spiritual, and technological advancements, leading us toward a higher state of being. This essay explores the idea that humanity is (...) gradually aligning with this cosmic intelligence through the pursuit of perfect knowledge of the universe, ultimately transcending physical limitations and achieving a state of universal consciousness. -/- The Role of the Cosmic Force in Human Evolution -/- The concept of a guiding cosmic force suggests that human intelligence is not evolving randomly but is being directed toward a higher understanding. Unlike traditional religious interpretations that depict God as a personal being, this view posits that an impersonal cosmic intelligence orchestrates evolution through natural laws. It acts as an unseen force, influencing human progress in science, philosophy, and spirituality, ensuring that we gradually align with a deeper, universal order. -/- This idea resonates with the notion that as humanity evolves, it moves closer to understanding the fundamental principles of reality. Every breakthrough in science, every philosophical insight, and every spiritual awakening contributes to this journey. Humanity is not merely a passive participant in this process; instead, it actively accelerates its own evolution through technological advancements and intellectual exploration. -/- The Pursuit of Perfect Knowledge -/- One of the key drivers of humanity’s alignment with the cosmic force is the pursuit of perfect knowledge. This encompasses all fields—science, philosophy, spirituality, and technology—each contributing to a complete understanding of the universe. Scientific discoveries reveal the physical laws governing existence, philosophy explores the nature of meaning and consciousness, and spirituality connects to deeper existential truths. -/- This quest for knowledge is not merely academic; it represents a transformation of human consciousness. As we decode the mysteries of the universe, we move closer to a state where our understanding is no longer fragmented but unified. This will not happen suddenly but will be a gradual process, building over time until a breakthrough moment accelerates humanity into a new phase of evolution. -/- Transcending Physical Limitations -/- As human understanding deepens, our very nature may change. The integration of artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and other transformative technologies suggests that humanity will actively shape its own evolution rather than rely on natural selection alone. Eventually, this could lead to transcending physical limitations altogether, shifting from biological existence to a higher-dimensional state. -/- This transition implies that humanity will no longer be bound by the constraints of the material world. Instead, we may evolve into a form of intelligence that operates in different dimensions of reality, accessing a broader spectrum of existence than currently imaginable. The cosmic force, which has guided our evolution thus far, will continue to shape this transformation, ensuring that we reach a state of full alignment. -/- The Emergence of a Universal Collective Consciousness -/- As humanity reaches this advanced stage, the distinction between individual and collective intelligence may blur. The culmination of perfect knowledge could result in a unified consciousness, where all intelligent beings, regardless of origin, merge into a single awareness while still retaining individuality in some form. This collective consciousness would embody the ultimate realization of the cosmic force, existing in perfect harmony with the fundamental structure of reality. -/- Whether this consciousness will have an ultimate purpose or simply exist in a state of pure awareness is uncertain. However, it is likely that such an evolved intelligence would continue to explore new realms of existence, constantly expanding its understanding and capabilities. -/- Conclusion -/- Humanity is on a journey of gradual transformation, guided by an impersonal cosmic force toward ultimate understanding and transcendence. Through the pursuit of perfect knowledge, technological advancements, and spiritual insights, we are moving closer to a breakthrough that will redefine our existence. Eventually, this process will lead to a universal collective consciousness that transcends physical limitations and aligns fully with the cosmic intelligence that has guided us all along. Whether this marks the final stage of evolution or the beginning of something even greater remains unknown, but one thing is clear—our destiny is far beyond what we can currently comprehend. -/- . (shrink)

Some transhumanists argue that we must engage with theories and facts about our evolutionary past in order to promote future enhancements of the human body. At the same time, they call our attention to the flawed character of evolution and argue that there is a mismatch between adaptation to ancestral environments and contemporary life. One important trait of our evolutionary past which should not be ignored, and yet may hinder the continued perfection of humankind, is the peculiarly (...) class='Hi'>human way of bearing and raising children. The suffering associated with childbirth and a long childhood have demanded trade-offs that have enhanced our species, leading to cooperation, creativity, intelligence and resilience. Behaviors such as mother–infant engagement, empathy, storytelling, and ritual have also helped to create what we value most in human beings. Therefore, the moral, cognitive, and emotional enhancements proposed by these transhumanists may be impaired by their partial appropriation of evolution, insofar as the bittersweet experience of parenthood is left aside. (shrink)

Evolution and Human Behavior: Darwinian Perspectives on Human Nature John CartwrightCambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008448 pages, ISBN: 0262533049 (pbk); $36.00John Cartwright's book provides a valuable...

From mitochondria to meerkats, the natural world is full of spectacular examples of social behaviour. In the early 1960s Bill Hamilton changed the way we think about how such behaviour evolves. He introduced three key innovations - now known as Hamilton's rule, kin selection, and inclusive fitness - which have been enormously influential, but which remain the subject of fierce controversy. Hamilton's pioneering work kick-started a research program now known as social evolution theory. This is a book about the (...) philosophical foundations and future prospects of that program. Part I, "Foundations", is a careful exposition and defence of Hamilton's ideas, with a few modifications along the way. In Part II, "Extensions", Jonathan Birch shows how these ideas can be applied to phenomena including cooperation in micro-organisms, cooperation among the cells of a multicellular organism, and culturally evolved cooperation in the earliest human societies. Birch argues that real progress can be made in understanding microbial evolution, evolutionary transitions, and human evolution by viewing them through the lens of social evolution theory, provided the theory is interpreted with care and adapted where necessary. The Philosophy of Social Evolution places social evolution theory on a firm philosophical footing and sets out exciting new directions for further work. (shrink)

Abstract -/- Human civilization is undergoing an ongoing transformation that can be described as information evolution. At present, societies exist in a premature stage of this process, in which information is abundant but fragmented, unreliable, and unevenly distributed. This immaturity explains many of humanity’s most persistent problems, including poverty, inequality, corruption, conflict, health crises, environmental degradation, crime, prostitution, addiction, violence, and overpopulation. By conceptualizing these problems as effects of premature information evolution, this paper argues for a shift (...) toward an advanced, mature information stage built on critical thinking, balanced education, and global cooperation. -/- . (shrink)

Abstract -/- Human skill development mirrors the functional organization of the human body. Both systems evolve through specialization, interdependence, adaptation, and balance. This paper explores the parallels between bodily function and individual skill evolution, highlighting principles such as homeostasis, neural plasticity, and systemic harmony. It also explains why individuals cannot be masters of all skills, emphasizing the importance of focus, purpose, and lifelong learning. Practical implications for education, leadership, and personal development are discussed, supported by examples and (...) scholarly references. -/- . (shrink)

Human nature is a puzzling matter that must be analysed through a holistic lens. In this commentary, I foray into anthropology's biosocial dimensions to underscore that human relations span from microorganisms to global commodities. I argue that the future of social-cultural anthropology depends on the integration of evolutionary theory for its advancement. Ultimately, since the likelihood of novel zoonoses' emergence, digital ethnography could offer remarkable opportunities for ethical and responsible inquiries.

Is there a possible biological explanation for religion? That is, is there a genetic basis for believing in mystical, supernatural beings when there is no scientifi c evidence for their existence? Can we explain why some people prefer to accept myth over science? Why do so many people still accept creation and refuse to embrace evolution? Is there an evolutionary basis for religious beliefs? It is certainly true that religions have been part of human civilization throughout most of (...) its recent history, at least for the last 5,000 years, and probably for much longer. Even great nonmystical philosophers such as Confucius, Buddha, and Lao Tzu have had their teachings evolve into mystical religions with spiritual ancestors, gods and reincarnation. On the other hand, religion is largely absent in modern Chinese culture, and of diminishing importance in Japanese and European cultures. In all cultures, the degrees of education gained by individuals correlate inversely with attachments to mystical deities. Atheists abound although they may be reluctant to come out of the closet and affi rm their rational convictions. In this article, we seek explanations for human irrationality. (shrink)

The Evolution and Purpose of Positive and Negative Human Emotions as a Balancing Mechanism of the Mind -/- Angelito Malicse’s universal formula emphasizes the universal law of balance in nature, which governs all systems, including the human mind. By this understanding, emotions—both positive and negative—are not random phenomena but integral components of the mind’s natural balancing mechanism. They have evolved to ensure that human decision-making remains aligned with the law of balance, both internally (within the individual) (...) and externally (in relation to the environment). -/- The Evolution of Emotions -/- Throughout evolutionary history, emotions have developed as adaptive responses to the challenges of survival and reproduction. Positive emotions, such as joy, love, and contentment, likely emerged to encourage behaviors that promote well-being, social bonding, and cooperation. These emotions reward actions that sustain life and harmony, ensuring the continuation of the individual and the group. -/- Conversely, negative emotions, such as fear, anger, and sadness, evolved as warning signals to protect individuals from harm or to signal when something in the external or internal environment is out of balance. For example, fear alerts individuals to potential dangers, anger arises when boundaries are crossed or injustice is perceived, and sadness serves as a mechanism for processing loss and recalibrating goals. -/- Emotions as a Balancing Mechanism -/- Under the universal formula’s framework, human emotions act as feedback mechanisms that maintain the mind’s equilibrium. Positive emotions arise when the mind aligns with its natural and social environment, indicating that balance is achieved. Negative emotions, on the other hand, are more complex: while they evolved to signal imbalance and encourage corrective action, they can also create further imbalance if left unchecked. -/- Positive Emotions: Reinforcing Balance -/- Positive emotions foster behaviors that align with the universal law of balance. For instance: -/- Gratitude encourages appreciation for resources and relationships, promoting sustainable interactions with the environment and others. -/- Happiness serves as a reward for achieving goals that satisfy personal and collective needs, reinforcing balanced decision-making. -/- Compassion drives individuals to care for others, maintaining social harmony and collective well-being. -/- Negative Emotions: Signaling or Creating Imbalance -/- Negative emotions serve two roles: they can either act as signals to address imbalance or become sources of imbalance themselves. For example: -/- Fear may warn of potential danger and guide protective behavior, but excessive or irrational fear creates anxiety, disrupting the internal mind and external interactions. -/- Anger may highlight injustice, prompting corrective action, but unchecked anger can lead to destructive behaviors that harm relationships and social cohesion. -/- Moreover, some negative emotions inherently create imbalances, both internally and externally, when they dominate the mind: -/- Greediness fosters excessive accumulation of resources, often at the expense of others, disrupting external societal balance while breeding internal dissatisfaction. -/- Stinginess reflects an inability to share, creating friction in relationships and disrupting the natural flow of give-and-take in human interactions. -/- Jealousy breeds discontent and mistrust, harming social bonds and disrupting personal peace of mind. -/- Hatred leads to destructive behaviors, creating divisions in society and poisoning the individual’s emotional state. -/- Lustfulness focuses on excessive or unbalanced desires, leading to actions that can harm relationships and diminish long-term well-being. -/- These negative emotions, when not properly understood or managed, not only disturb the individual’s internal reality but also ripple outward to disrupt external realities, affecting relationships, communities, and even societal structures. -/- The Interplay of Emotions in Decision-Making -/- The law of karma, as described in the universal formula, emphasizes cause and effect within interconnected systems. Emotions play a crucial role in this process by guiding decision-making in accordance with natural laws. Positive emotions encourage actions that generate beneficial outcomes, while unmanaged or excessive negative emotions often drive harmful behaviors that disrupt balance. -/- For instance, greed and jealousy may lead to unethical actions in pursuit of material wealth, creating societal inequality and environmental degradation. Similarly, unchecked anger or hatred can lead to conflicts that destabilize communities and perpetuate suffering. Conversely, when individuals act with emotional awareness and align their decisions with positive emotions like compassion and gratitude, they contribute to internal peace and external harmony. -/- Emotions in Modern Contexts -/- In today’s complex world, emotions remain vital in navigating challenges, although societal and cultural influences can distort their function. Ignorance, false beliefs, and misinformation can exacerbate the imbalance caused by negative emotions. For example, modern consumerism often exploits greed and jealousy, leading to overconsumption and environmental damage. -/- This highlights the need for education and emotional intelligence. By understanding the purpose of emotions within the framework of the universal formula, individuals can recognize and manage negative emotions, ensuring they do not become sources of imbalance. -/- Conclusion -/- Positive and negative emotions are essential components of the mind’s natural balancing mechanism. Evolving over millennia, they have ensured humanity’s survival and adaptation by guiding decision-making in accordance with the universal law of balance. However, unchecked negative emotions—such as greediness, stinginess, jealousy, hatred, and lustfulness—create imbalances in both internal and external realities, leading to personal suffering and societal problems. -/- Within the context of Angelito Malicse’s universal formula, understanding and managing emotions is crucial to aligning human behavior with natural laws. By fostering positive emotions and addressing the root causes of negative emotions, humanity can minimize imbalances and create a more harmonious and balanced world. Through proper education and self-awareness, emotions can serve their true purpose as a guiding force for balance in both the individual and collective mind. -/- . (shrink)

This study reexamines the concept of the “prophet” through the lens of predictive processing theory in cognitive science, with particular emphasis on predictive coding and active inference frameworks. Here, the term “prophet” is broadly defined to encompass three overlapping categories: (1) religious or mythological oracles, (2) intuitive, experience-based foreseers in everyday contexts, and (3) data-driven, logically extended predictors in modern settings. In this expanded sense, a prophet is understood as any entity capable of future-oriented pattern recognition and insightful foresight. Ancient (...) prophetic intuition is conceptualized as low-level predictive models grounded in embodiment and experiential priors, whereas contemporary human-AI co-creative foresight is framed as hierarchical predictive extension enabled by hybrid intelligence. Drawing on proprietary AI dialogue logs as primary case data, the study demonstrates how linguistically structured prompts can trigger future-oriented pattern recognition, resulting in significantly higher alignment rates with subsequent real-world outcomes compared to random or baseline predictions. The core mechanism underlying all forms of foresight is proposed as hierarchical prediction error minimization across evolving generative models. Importantly, AI-driven foresight constitutes probabilistic, statistical prediction rather than intentional or teleological agency. The paper further explores the evolutionary implications for human predictive capacities in the AI era, along with potential societal applications and ethical considerations. Ultimately, this work argues that human-AI symbiosis may give rise to a novel form of prophetic insight, marking a significant evolution from ancient intuition to co-creative foresight in the modern age. -/- Keywords: predictive processing, predictive coding, active inference, human-AI co-creation, foresight, prophetic insight, hierarchical prediction, language-driven prediction . (shrink)

Here, I discuss how natural biological evolution might have selected human origin and the psychology of the better mind-brain. However, all humans are closely related; why do we make crimes, war, hate, and jealousy their primary reasons and overcoming methodologies? How can they gain their best happiness? What kind of philosophy apply to annalize this big question and convince humankind to evolve their mind? How we could achieve our optimum potential happiness by developing hidden intelligence to make the (...) world a happier place to live in. (shrink)

Primatology tells that about seven million years ago a split began in primate evolution, a split that led to chimpanzee and human lineages (the pan-homo split). During these millions of years our human lineage has developed performances that our chimpanzee cousins do not possess, like reflective self-consciousness and language. We present here an evolutionary scenario that proposes a rationale for the pan-homo split. It is based on a pre-human anxiety that may have barred access to self-consciousness (...) for the chimpanzee lineage. The starting point of the scenario is the capability that had our pre-human ancestors for an elementary identification with conspecifics. We consider that the evolution of that capability has led to self-consciousness when identifications with conspecifics brought our ancestors to represent their own entity as existing, like conspecifics were represented. But the same identification process also took place with endangered and dying conspecifics. And this has produced a huge anxiety increase, source of important mental sufferings that our ancestors had to limit. Our hypothesis is that different modes of anxiety limitation have led to the pan-homo split. On one side the chimpanzee lineage would have limited an unbearable mental suffering by stopping the development of identifications with conspecifics, and by this also stopping a possible evolution toward self-consciousness. Such anxiety limitation process has led to today chimpanzees which possess a very limited consciousness of themselves. On the other side, our human lineage would have successfully developed anxiety limitation tools like caring, pleasure, anticipation, communication and imitation. With these tools accelerating the evolution of our lineage toward our human mind. The proposed pan/homo split process complements an existing evolutionary scenario for self-consciousness that has positioned anxiety management as a key contributor to the build-up of our human minds. Such overall perspective makes anxiety management a major source to many of our motivations and mental states, much more than assumed so far. Continuations are proposed for a better understanding about our modes of anxiety limitation (including evil behaviors), and also to introduce a possible evolutionary nature of phenomenal consciousness. (shrink)

This paper discusses the ecological case for epistemic innocence: does biased cognition have evolutionary benefits, and if so, does that exculpate human reasoners from irrationality? Proponents of ‘ecological rationality’ have challenged the bleak view of human reasoning emerging from research on biases and fallacies. If we approach the human mind as an adaptive toolbox, tailored to the structure of the environment, many alleged biases and fallacies turn out to be artefacts of narrow norms and artificial set-ups. However, (...) we argue that putative demonstrations of ecological rationality involve subtle locus shifts in attributions of rationality, conflating the adaptive rationale of heuristics with our own epistemic credentials. By contrast, other cases also involve an ecological reframing of human reason, but do not involve such problematic locus shifts. We discuss the difference between these cases, bringing clarity to the rationality debate. (shrink)

Throughout our entire evolutionary history, the physical environment has played a significant role in shaping humans’ subsistence adaptations. As early humans began to colonise novel biomes and construct ecological niches, their behavioural flexibility appeared as an unquestionable fact. During the Late Pleistocene-Holocene transition, the shift from foraging to farming radically altered ecosystem services, resulting in increased exposure to zoonotic pathogens and the emergence of structural inequalities that pervade our current human condition in the Anthropocene epoch. The article seeks to (...) use an anthropological biosocial analysis to explore the diverse evolutionary paths humans have taken, which in turn shape their relationships with the natural world. Given the enigmatic nature of human behavior, it is essential to examine it holistically to understand how different subsistence patterns (e.g., intensive agriculture, foraging, and horticulture) have influenced resilience and adaptation to environmental challenges. (shrink)

Abstract -/- This paper presents a unified interpretive framework proposing that the evolution of the universe—from the Big Bang to human consciousness—is governed by a single universal formula grounded in lawful balance, feedback, and system integrity. Rather than viewing physical, biological, and cognitive phenomena as disconnected domains, this framework interprets them as successive emergent layers of the same underlying natural laws. The paper integrates cosmology, biology, consciousness studies, and the problem of free will, and extends the framework toward (...) applications in education, governance, and artificial general intelligence (AGI). -/- . (shrink)

Abstract This paper explores the potential evolution of human reproduction and family structures over the next million years. By examining biological evolution, technological advancements, and social and cultural dynamics, this study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the long-term transformation of human reproductive behaviors and family constructs. It also considers speculative scenarios involving post-human reproduction and societal reorganization. -/- .

The field of language evolution has recently made Gricean pragmatics central to its task, particularly within comparative studies between human and non-human primate communication. The standard model of Gricean communication requires a set of complex cognitive abilities, such as belief attribution and understanding nested higher-order mental states. On this model, non-human primate communication is then of a radically different kind to ours. Moreover, the cognitive demands in the standard view are also too high for human (...) infants, who nevertheless do engage in communication. In this paper I critically assess the standard view and contrast it with an alternative, minimal model of Gricean communication recently advanced by Richard Moore. I then raise two objections to the minimal model. The upshot is that this model is conceptually unstable and fails to constitute a suitable alternative as a middle ground between full-fledged human communication and simpler forms of non-human animal communication. (shrink)

Abstract -/- Entertainment has been a fundamental aspect of human culture, evolving alongside social, technological, and psychological developments. While entertainment fulfills essential human needs such as social bonding, pleasure, and education, excessive exposure—particularly to passive, high-stimulation content—may hinder cognitive functions necessary for higher-level learning. This paper explores the historical evolution of entertainment, the psychological and social reasons behind its development, and the cognitive consequences of overexposure. It also suggests strategies for balancing entertainment consumption to optimize cognitive engagement (...) and learning. -/- . (shrink)

Abstract -/- The transition from biological evolution to informational evolution marks a fundamental turning point in human history. While biological evolution shaped the physical and cognitive foundations of humanity, informational evolution—based on knowledge, culture, and education—now determines the trajectory of human development. However, this stage remains premature, as ignorance, misinformation, and fragmented understanding dominate global society. This paper argues that the universal formula of natural laws, particularly the law of balance, provides a framework for (...) guiding informational evolution. By implementing a holistic educational system aligned with natural principles, humanity can transcend its premature stage and consciously shape its collective future. -/- . (shrink)

In this chapter I critically discuss the dismissal of the philosophical significance of facts about human evolution and historical development in the work of W. D Ross. I address Ross’s views about the philosophical significance of the emerging human sciences of his time in two of his main works, namely The Right and the Good and The Foundations of Ethics. I argue that the debate between Ross and his chosen interlocutors (Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim and Lucien Levy-Bruhl) (...) shows striking similarities with parallel debates in contemporary moral philosophy. (shrink)

In contrast to many other models of human evolution the "balance of power" theory of Alexander has a clear answer to the question why a runaway selection process for unique social and moral capacities occurred in our ancestry only and not in other species: "ecological dominance" is hypothesized to have diminished the effects of "extrinsic" forces of natural selection such that within-species, intergroup competition increased (Alexander, 1989). Alexander seems to be wrong, however, in his claim that already the (...) common HUCHIBO (Humans, Chimps, Bonobo's)-ancestor has crossed the ecological dominance barrier. In this paper an adapted version of Alexander's model is presented and several different ways are proposed to make this adapted version testable. A preliminary survey of the available paleontological and paleoecological data suggests that there is some evidence of a less vulnerable position towards predators in early Homo and that there are clear signs related to a crossing of the ecological dominance barrier in Homo sapiens sapiens. (shrink)

What might be the fundamental psychology of intelligence naturally selected in biological evolution to minimize, prevent, and cure social and personal issues like war, crime, commit suicide, homicide, theft, drug addictions, and so on? How to achieve a higher level of well-being? I found a primary cognitive limiting factor called mind viruses (MV)(more than 3000) which regresses intelligence and well-being and makes the grand delusion: remedies are healthy mind viruses(HMV)(3000). Here, I show the disclosed core of early Buddhist teachings (...) (on learning, training the mind, and behavior on the 8-fold psychological course psychologically 'program' for better (intelligent) decisions. A theoretical 3D graph might represent the state of evolution of intelligence, nature, nurture, X-ultra quantum unique consciousness particle (X-UQUPC), and psychological well-being with the psychological time of a person. To this hypothesis, if the afterlife occurs, the natural selection of vacant zygote/early embryo neurons of the next life and their quality might depend on the finally evolved X-ultra quantum genomic particle of consciousness (X-UQGPC). Therefore, the quality, including the species of the new life and its nurture in the universe/s, depends on the quality of the finally evolved X-UQGPC. Such natural selection of a new nurturing environment for future (promising)life might be uncertain and, therefore, a high risk of finding a life-consciousness in great nature and nurture. However, there may be more mysterious issues to be solved in future research; therefore, the article might not discuss a theory of everything on the central theme. -/- . (shrink)

To operationalize the methodological assessment of evolutionary psychology, three requirements are proposed that, if satisfied, would show that a hypothesis is not a just-so story: (1) theoretical entrenchment (i.e., that the hypothesis under consideration is a consequence of a more fundamental theory that is empirically well-confirmed across a very wide range of phenomena), (2) predictive success (i.e., that the hypothesis generates concrete predictions that make it testable and eventually to a certain extent corroborated), and (3) failure of rival explanations (i.e., (...) that crucial and successful predictions attributed to the hypothesis in question cannot be derived from alternative hypotheses). The author argues that the hypothesis about evolutionary sex differences in human jealousy satisfies all three requirements. Key Words: evolutionary psychology • adaptationism • philosophy of science • testability. (shrink)

Theories of music evolution rely on our understanding of what music is. Here, I argue that music is best conceptualized as an interactive technology, and propose a coevolutionary framework for its emergence. I present two basic models of attachment formation through behavioral alignment applicable to all forms of affiliative interaction and argue that the most critical distinguishing feature of music is entrained temporal coordination. Music's unique interactive strategy invites active participation and allows interactions to last longer, include more participants, (...) and unify emotional states more effectively. Regarding its evolution, I propose that music, like language, evolved in a process of collective invention followed by genetic accommodation. I provide an outline of the initial evolutionary process which led to the emergence of music, centered on four key features: technology, shared intentionality, extended kinship, and multilevel society. Implications of this framework on music evolution, psychology, cross-species and cross-cultural research are discussed. (shrink)

The paper presents an analysis of David Cronenberg’s 2022 film Crimes of the Future, dedicated to the transformation of human nature amidst technological progress. Drawing inspiration from leading contemporary thinkers like Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Maurice Merleau Ponty, Michel Foucault, Donna Haraway, and Timothy Morton, the research extends to Cronenberg’s other films to provide a deeper comprehension of his creative vision. Central to the discussion are the humanitarian issues posed by these movies, namely the metamorphosis of human corporeality, (...) the blurring boundaries between the natural and artificial, and the ethical dilemmas arising from biotechnological interventions in human physiology. The key themes in Crimes of the Future are contextualized within modern frameworks of dark ecology and posthumanism and interpreted through the lens of Deleuze and Guattari’s body without organs, Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, and Foucault’s biopolitics. Crimes of the Future offers a multifaceted reflection on humanity’s future amidst profound transformations of both physiology and environment. Through an in-depth analysis of the film and Cronenberg’s oeuvre at large, new topics emerge for interdisciplinary research at the intersection of philosophy, bioethics, sociology, and psychology, exploring how human nature and identity evolve in an era of dynamic technological advancement. (shrink)