Intelligent Design integrates the work of Ilexa Yardley and Stridjom van der Merwe to demonstrate and prove Conservation of the Circle is the Only Dynamic in Nature (The Circular Theory) (Quantum Mechanics) (Metaphysical Naturalism). Explaining why everything changes because nothing is changing.

Intelligent Design proponents want to distinguish themselves from creationists. But the distinction appears to be without a difference.

Meta-Intelligent-Design (Meta-ID) is a philosophical framework that employs two interlocking models—a Physical Model representing our universe's observable and calculable phenomena (e.g., physical laws, mutation rates, cosmic constants) and a Metaphysical Model encompassing unobservable realms (e.g., a spiritual domain with divine agency and free-willed souls)—to argue for purposeful cosmic design. The framework evaluates whether the Physical Model exhibits qualities (e.g., quantum indeterminacy) that could serve as "input channels" for the Metaphysical Model's outputs (e.g., subtle guidance for abiogenesis and (...) evolution, or soul-brain interfaces for consciousness). Alignment is bidirectional: Metaphysical outputs predict Physical channels, while Physical data validates or refutes the metaphysics. Assessed via inference to the best explanation (IBE), objective criteria (e.g., empirical fit, explanatory power, parsimony), and precise channel definitions, Meta-ID strengthens the case for a monotheistic metaphysics where God designs a natural world for partnership with free agents. While focused on intelligent design, the framework accommodates broader metaphysical applications, offering a nuanced synthesis of science, philosophy, and theology to address improbabilities in origins, evolution, and mind. (shrink)

Alvin Plantinga argues by counterexample that no naturalistic account of functions is possible--God is then the only source for natural functions. This paper replies to Plantinga's examples and arguments. Plantinga misunderstands naturalistic accounts. Plantinga's mistakes flow from his assimilation of functional notions in general to functions from intentional design in particular.

While a great deal of abuse has been directed at intelligent design theory (ID), its starting point is a fact about biological organisms that cries out for explanation, namely "specified complexity" (SC). Advocates of ID deploy three kind of argument from specified complexity to the existence of a designer: an eliminative argument, an inductive argument, and an inference to the best explanation. Only the first of these merits the abuse directed at it; the other two arguments are worthy (...) of respect. If they fail, it is only because we have a better explanation of SC, namely Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. (shrink)

William Paley ( Natural Theology, 1802) developed the argument-from-design. The complex structure of the human eye evinces that it was designed by an intelligent Creator. The argument is based on the irreducible complexity ("relation") of multiple interacting parts, all necessary for function. Paley adduces a wealth of biological examples leading to the same conclusion; his knowledge of the biology of his time was profound and extensive. Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species is an extended argument demonstrating that the " (...) class='Hi'>design" of organisms can be explained by natural selection. Moreover, the dysfunctions, defects, waste, and cruelty that prevail in the living world are incompatible with a benevolent and omnipotent Creator. They come about by a process that incorporates chance and necessity, mutation and natural selection. In addition to science, there are other ways of knowing, such as art, literature, philosophy, and religion. Matters of value, meaning, and purpose transcend science. (shrink)

This article reviews two standard criticisms of creationism/intelligent design (ID): it is unfalsifiable, and it is refuted by the many imperfect adaptations found in nature. Problems with both criticisms are discussed. A conception of testability is described that avoids the defects in Karl Popper’s falsifiability criterion. Although ID comes in multiple forms, which call for different criticisms, it emerges that ID fails to constitute a serious alternative to evolutionary theory.

A comparison between the thinking of Hans Jonas and Joseph Ratzinger on Darwinism and Intelligent Design.

In this chapter, I consider the Dialogues as a text that formulates and criticises a particular argument for design (‘the argument for design’). After presenting the relevant material from the Dialogues, I consider the strengths and weaknesses of the formulation of the argument that is the object of Hume’s criticisms, and set out what I take to be the full range of criticisms that Hume makes of it. I then assess the strength of these criticisms, paying particular attention (...) to writers—e.g. Paley, Reid, Dawkins, and Hawthorne and Isaacs—who have claimed that Hume’s objections to ‘the argument for design’ are weak or ineffectual. Next, I consider the originality of Hume’s critique of ‘the argument for design’; I argue that, on the evidence that I have considered, Hume deserves most of the credit for the objections to ‘the argument for design’ in the Dialogues. I conclude with some brief remarks about the relative importance of the success of the criticisms of ‘the argument for design’ to the overall project of the Dialogues. (shrink)

Imagine you are the CEO of a hospital [. . .]. Decisions are constantly being made in your organization about how to spend the organization's money. The amount of money available to spend is never adequate to pay for everything you wish you could spend it on, therefore you must set spending priorities. There are two questions you need to be able to answer . . . How should we set priorities in this organization? How do we know when we (...) are doing it well? When people seek to achieve good public policy, the result will tend to be good public policy. In a collective choice process, public‐spirited individual participants produce good public policy by deliberating—talking with each other, listening to each other's arguments, and being willing to learn and change their minds based on such dialogue. –Steven Kelman (1992: 181) Public policy scholars agree that those persons (or agencies) vested with the authority to establish health care priorities should elicit public input before making rationing decisions. The two most common approaches are (i) consultation and (ii) deliberation. Though deliberation has obvious advantages over consultation, it falters in the face of the objection that ordinary citizens lack the cognitive resources for the extended, rigorous inquiry required of them in undertaking the priority‐setting task. To overcome this objection, I propose that deliberative forums for health care rationing should be designed so that they imitate the natural pattern of human experience. The experience of deliberation should encompass both prolonged periods of less‐demanding cognitive activity, in which citizens passively receive information, and briefer periods of more‐demanding cognitive activity, in which they engage in active problem‐solving. In arguing for this thesis, I rely on two theoretical sources and one practical case study, in the following order: (i) John Dewey's metaphysics of experience, (ii) cognitive science research on schemas and frames, and (iii) the Health Care Council in São Paulo, Brazil. (shrink)

Recently, the Intelligent Design movement has challenged the claim of many in the scientific establishment that nature gives no empirical signs of having been deliberately designed. In particular, ID arguments in biology dispute the notion that neo-Darwinian evolution is the only viable scientific explanation of the origin of biological novelty, arguing that there are telltale signs of the activity of intelligence which can be recognized and studied empirically. In recent years, a number of Catholic philosophers, theologians, and scientists (...) have expressed opposition to ID. Some of these critics claim that there is a conflict between the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas and that of the ID movement, and even an affinity between Aquinas’s ideas and theistic Darwinism. We consider six such criticisms and find each wanting. (shrink)

A review of Robert. B. Stewart's edited volume concerning a discussion between William Dembski and Michael Ruse. Further contributions are included from William Lane Craig and others.

Science deals with the physical aspect of reality; its subject matter is data that, in principle, can be collected solely by physical devices. If physical devices cannot measure something, then that something is not the subject matter of science. Of course, the whole of reality encompasses more than the physical.

This paper aims at introducing a French audience to the Intelligent Design debate. It starts by reviewing recent attacks on any possibility of a rational account of theism in light of the contemporary theory of evolution. A section is devoted to outlining the genesis of the "wedge" strategy, to distinguish it from young earth creationism, and to highlight the questioning of evolution as our meta-narrative bearing on overall conceptions of the scientific endeavor. The arguments propounded by Behe are (...) reviewed in detail, as the example of blood coagulation as a purported irreducibly complex mechanism is contrasted to the question of system boundaries. Counter-arguments by Miller are reviewed, and a few bottom-line questions are directed to invite a further consideration of the type of engineering this could testify to. The concept of complex specified information is then presented, and contrasted to traditional and lingering axiomatic problems in the theory of probabilities. The problem of the recognition of an intrinsic pattern is also brought together with some work in recent philosophy of causation and explanation. The two opposing strategies, naturalistic evolutionism and intelligent design, are seen as caught in each other's rhetoric, and some probing is offered in the direction of a theory that could surpass those stalling factors. (shrink)

Critical notice assessing the use of information theory in the attempt to build a design inference, and to re-establish some aspects of the program of natural theology, as carried out in this third major monograph devoted to the subject of intelligent design theory by mathematician and philosopher William A. Dembski, after The Design Inference (1998) and No Free Lunch (2002).

Moses deviced healthy laws to keep his people united as a nation. Moses is , alongside with Plato, Aristotle, Mahomet, Kung Fu, Lao Tse and Cicero, one of the "intelligent designers" of mankind in the last 5.000 years.

The so-called evolution wars (Futuyma 1995; Pigliucci 2002) between the scientific understanding of the history of life on earth and various religiously inspired forms of cre- ationism are more than ever at the forefront of the broader ‘‘science wars,’’ themselves a part of the even more encom- passing ‘‘cultural wars.’’ With all these conflicts going on, and at a time when a potentially historical case on the teach- ing of Intelligent Design (ID) in public schools is being de- (...) bated in Pennsylvania, it may be useful to consider a number of books that have come out recently to help scientists and the public at large to understand what all the fuss is about. (shrink)

It is known that the Big Bang theory was based on the concept of creation ex nihilo, after ancient Greek philosophers. In this paper, we will make few remark on the concept of creatio ex nihilo (as a commentary to a recent paper by Kalachanis, Athanasios Anastasiou, Ioannis Kostikas, Efstratios Theodossious and Мilan S. Dimitrijevi), as well as two other approaches, i.e. Intelligent Design and Emergence Theory by Clayton/Yong. As continuation of our recent paper to appear in forthcoming (...) issue of J. Asia Mathematika, we argue that beside the above three approaches, a new concept called creatio ex-rotatione offers a resolution to the long standing disputes between beginning and eternity of the Universe. In other words, in this respect we agree with Vaas, i.e. it can be shown: “how a conceptual and perhaps physical solution of the temporal aspect of Immanuel Kant’s „first antinomy of pure reason“ is possible, i.e. how our universe in some respect could have both a beginning and an eternal existence. Therefore, paradoxically, there might have been a time before time or a beginning of time in time.” By the help of computational simulation, we also show how a model of early Universe with rotation can fit this new picture. (shrink)

هدف از این پژوهش نقد به رویکردی است که راهکار برطرف شدن چالش‌هایِ اخلاقیِ هوشِ مصنوعیِ را محدود به طراحی و اصلاحات فنی می‌داند. برخی پژوهش‌گران چالش‌های اخلاقی در هوش مصنوعی را همگرا تلقی می‌کنند و معتقدند این چالش‌ها همانطور که با ظهور سیستم هوش مصنوعی پدید آمدند، با پیشرفت و اصلاحات فنی آن مرتفع خواهند شد. در مباحثِ اخلاقِ هوش مصنوعی، موضوعاتی همچون حفاظت از حریم خصوصی و شفافیت در بیشتر پژوهش‏ها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر (...) با استفاده از روشِ تحلیلی-انتقادی، همگرایی میان شفافیت و حریم خصوصی در سیستم‌های یادگیری ماشین بررسی شده و رویکردی که رفع چالش‌های اخلاقی را به طراحی هوش مصنوعی محدود می‌داند به نقد گذاشته شده است. نتایج این بررسی نشان می‏دهد که همگرایی میان چالش‌های اخلاقی هوش مصنوعی وجود ندارد. همچنین با مطرح کردن سه چالش کمی‏سازی، محدودیت‏های تکنیکی و مباحث فرااخلاقی به نقد رویکردهایی که تنها بر طراحی و اصلاحات فنی متکی هستند پرداخته شد. نتایج این بخش نشان می‌دهد که نمی‌توان تنها با تکیه بر طراحی، به چالش‌های اخلاقی در هوش مصنوعی پاسخ داد و نیاز به استفاده از سایر روش‌ها مانند قانون‌گذاری و یا پیشرفت در سایر علوم در کنار توجه به طراحی وجود دارد. This research aims to criticize the approach that considers the solution to the ethical challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) to be only in design and technical improvements. Some researchers consider the ethical challenges in AI to be convergent, which emerge with the advent of AI systems and are resolved with technical progress and improvements. In the discussions of the ethics of AI, issues such as privacy and transparency have been the focus of most studies. In the present research, using the analytical-critical method, the convergence between transparency and privacy in machine learning systems was investigated, and the approach that limits the resolution of ethical challenges to AI design was criticized. The research findings indicate that there is no convergence between the ethical challenges of AI. Additionally, by raising three challenges of quantification, technical limitations, and meta-ethical issues, the criticism of approaches that rely solely on design and technical improvements was addressed. The results also indicates that it is not possible to respond to the ethical challenges of AI only by relying on design, and there is a need to use other methods such as legislation or progress in other sciences in addition to attention to design. (shrink)

Learning programming is thought to be troublesome. One doable reason why students don’t do well in programming is expounded to the very fact that traditional way of learning within the lecture hall adds more stress on students in understanding the Material rather than applying the Material to a true application. For a few students, this teaching model might not catch their interest. As a result, they'll not offer their best effort to grasp the Material given. Seeing however the information is (...) applied to real issues will increase student interest in learning. As a consequence, this may increase their effort to be taught. In the current paper, we try to help students learn C# programming language using Intelligent Tutoring System. This ITS was developed using ITSB authoring tool to be able to help the student learn programming efficiently and make the learning procedure very pleasing. A knowledge base using ITSB authoring tool style was used to represent the student's work and to give customized feedback and support to students. (shrink)

As artificial intelligence advances toward generative creativity, embodied autonomy, and cognitive sophistication, a deeper question resurfaces: What is intelligence—and how should it be oriented within planetary and civilizational life? This paper argues that contemporary AI trajectories remain limited by the epistemic assumptions of Enlightenment modernity, which frame intelligence as conquest, cognition as isolation, and agency as optimization. Drawing from Indian philosophical traditions—including Sāṃkhya, Mahāyāna Buddhism, Trika philosophy of the layered structure of Vāc—we offer an alternative view: intelligence as dharmic resonance—an (...) ethically attuned, relational unfolding that aligns cognition with the coherence of life itself. We engage two influential theoretical models: Gabora and Bach’s theory of autocatalytic, generative selves, and Ororbia and Friston’s framework of mortal computation grounded in the Free Energy Principle. While the former emphasizes structural creativity and self-organization, and the latter foregrounds thermodynamic embodiment and constraint, both models fall short of articulating a meta-ethical orientation. By bringing them into conversation with a dharmic-relational ontology, we propose a new synthesis: intelligence as participatory coherence, responsive to karmic consequence, ecological embeddedness, and civilizational memory. This reorientation reframes AI not as artificial general intelligence, but as a planetary design project—one that calls for humility, mortality-aware systems, and the capacity to remember and realign. Intelligence, in this light, is not what we compute—it is what we become. (shrink)

Penrose believed that the universe is a book written in the language of mathematics. Through this language, he disproved the fallacy of coincidence in complex and meaningful systems, reaching philosophical and theological heights by placing things in their proper places based on his induction, and his mindful reasoning.

This paper argues that the Value Sensitive Design (VSD) methodology provides a principled approach to embedding common values in to AI systems both early and throughout the design process. To do so, it draws on an important case study: the evidence and final report of the UK Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence. This empirical investigation shows that the different and often disparate stakeholder groups that are implicated in AI design and use share some common values that can (...) be used to further strengthen design coordination efforts. VSD is shown to be both able to distill these common values as well as provide a framework for stakeholder coordination. (shrink)

This chapter proposed a novel design methodology called Value-Sensitive Design and its potential application to the field of artificial intelligence research and design. It discusses the imperatives in adopting a design philosophy that embeds values into the design of artificial agents at the early stages of AI development. Because of the high risk stakes in the unmitigated design of artificial agents, this chapter proposes that even though VSD may turn out to be a less-than-optimal (...) design methodology, it currently provides a framework that has the potential to embed stakeholder values and incorporate current design methods. The reader should begin to take away the importance of a proactive design approach to intelligent agents. (shrink)

Were we designed by an intelligent creation? Not likely: living organisms are designed, yes, but not intelligently...

Much recent work in the value theory of autonomous and intelligent systems (AIS) revolves around three issues. First is the alignment problem: the problem of producing AIS whose values align with humanity's interests. Second, superintelligence: the potential for AIS to develop intelligence which would surpass even the most intelligent humans. An increasing number of authors argue that superintelligent AIS could emerge overnight because of a recursively improving process-this is the singularity hypothesis. Further, many of the same authors believe (...) that the concatenation of these problems should direct interest to the long-term potential for misaligned and superintelligent AIS which could pose risks of existential proportions to human interests. Therefore, they argue for a policy stance which we describe as “hard alignment,'’ the proposal of cooperation with technological experts to avoid hypothetical scenarios where AIS disempower humanity. On the other hand, we describe our view as “soft alignment.'’ Considering the lack of adequate evidence for hard alignment's radical claims, the finite resources and attention of policymakers and technological experts are best served by devoting, at best, a modest amount of time, attention, and resources towards policies regarding AIS which manage the moral risks involved in misaligned, already-existing AIS, and regarding misaligned potential AIS relative to the evidentiary basis for their possible realization. Therefore, we argue for the adoption of policies towards alignment which manage the everyday risk involved in misaligned AIS rather than long-term existential risks, which are difficult to quantify. (shrink)

The evolution of Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is the result of the amount of research in the field of education and artificial intelligence in recent years. English is the third most common languages in the world and also is the internationally dominant in the telecommunications, science and trade, aviation, entertainment, radio and diplomatic language as most of the areas of work now taught in English. Therefore, the demand for learning English has increased. In this paper, we describe the (...) class='Hi'>design of an Intelligent Tutoring System for teaching English language grammar to help students learn English grammar easily and smoothly. The system provides all topics of English grammar and generates a series of questions automatically for each topic for the students to solve. The system adapts with all the individual differences of students and begins gradually with students from easier to harder level. The intelligent tutoring system was given to a group of students of all age groups to try it and to see the impact of the system on students. The results showed a good satisfaction of the students toward the system. (shrink)

Intelligent tutoring system (ITS) is a computer system which aims to provide immediate and customized or reactions to learners, usually without the intervention of human teacher's instructions. Secretariats professional to have the common goal of learning a meaningful and effective manner through the use of a variety of computing technologies enabled. There are many examples of professional Secretariats used in both formal education and in professional settings that have proven their capabilities. There is a close relationship between private lessons (...) intelligent, cognitive learning and design theories; and there are ongoing to improve the effectiveness of ITS research. And it aims to find a solution to the problem of over-reliance on students' teachers for quality education. The program aims to provide access to high-quality education to every student, and therefore the reform of the education system as a whole. In this paper, we will use Intelligent Tutoring System Builder (ITSB) to build an education system on cloud computing in terms of the concept of cloud computing and components and how to take advantage of cloud computing in the field. (shrink)

The paper describes the design of an intelligent tutoring system for teaching Introduction to Computer Science-a compulsory curriculum in Al-Azhar University of Gaza to students who attend the university. The basic idea of this system is a systematic introduction into computer science. The system presents topics with examples. The system is dynamically checks student's individual progress. An initial evaluation study was done to investigate the effect of using the intelligent tutoring system on the performance of students enrolled (...) in computer science curriculum at Al-Azhar University, Gaza. The results showed a positive impact on the evaluators. (shrink)

In October 2016, the White House, the European Parliament, and the UK House of Commons each issued a report outlining their visions on how to prepare society for the widespread use of artificial intelligence. In this article, we provide a comparative assessment of these three reports in order to facilitate the design of policies favourable to the development of a ‘good AI society’. To do so, we examine how each report addresses the following three topics: the development of a (...) ‘good AI society’; the role and responsibility of the government, the private sector, and the research community in pursuing such a development; and where the recommendations to support such a development may be in need of improvement. Our analysis concludes that the reports address adequately various ethical, social, and economic topics, but come short of providing an overarching political vision and long-term strategy for the development of a ‘good AI society’. In order to contribute to fill this gap, in the conclusion we suggest a two-pronged approach. (shrink)

Recently, due to the rapid progress of computer technology, researchers develop an effective computer program to enhance the achievement of the student in learning process, which is Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). Science is important because it influences most aspects of everyday life, including food, energy, medicine, leisure activities and more. So learning science subject at school is very useful, but the students face some problem in learning it. So we designed an ITS system to help them understand this subject (...) easily and smoothly by analyzing it and explaining it in a systematic way. In this paper, we describe the design of an Intelligent Tutoring System for teaching science for grade seven to help students know the 7 characteristics for living things smoothly. The system provides all topics of living things and generates some questions for each topic and the students should answer these questions correctly to move to the next level. In the result of an evaluation of the ITS, students like the system and they said that it is very useful for them and for their studies. (shrink)

Debates about advanced artificial intelligence frequently frame qualitative cognitive change in terms of consciousness, experience, or phenomenology. This paper argues that such framing obscures a more immediate and structurally relevant issue. Building on a prior theoretical account that defines the cognitive event horizon as a structural phase boundary between reversible exploratory dynamics and regimes governed by temporally stabilized, integrated abstraction, this article examines why that boundary is especially significant for artificial intelligence. Unlike human cognition, artificial systems combine large representational capacity (...) with malleable organization and externally modifiable regulation. As a result, the event horizon functions not merely as a theoretical construct but as a design-relevant threshold. The paper argues that scale alone is insufficient to induce a phase transition and that contemporary AI systems already exhibit transient abstract integration without stabilization. It identifies catalysts unique to artificial systems—architectural persistence, training regimes favoring coherence, external constraints, and meta-level intervention—that could, in principle, transform transient integration into regulatory dominance. Throughout, the analysis remains structural and mechanistic, explicitly separating cognitive organization from consciousness. The event horizon in artificial intelligence is thus framed as a question of regulation and design, not of experience. (shrink)

This paper critically assesses the possibility of moral enhancement with ambient intelligence technologies and artificial intelligence presented in Savulescu and Maslen (2015). The main problem with their proposal is that it is not robust enough to play a normative role in users’ behavior. A more promising approach, and the one presented in the paper, relies on an artifi-cial moral reasoning engine, which is designed to present its users with moral arguments grounded in first-order normative theories, such as Kantianism or utilitarianism, (...) that reason-responsive people can be persuaded by. This proposal can play a normative role and it is also a more promising avenue towards moral enhancement. It is more promising because such a system can be designed to take advantage of the sometimes undue trust that people put in automated technologies. We could therefore expect a well-designed moral reasoner system to be able to persuade people that may not be persuaded by similar arguments from other people. So, all things considered, there is hope in artificial intelli-gence for moral enhancement, but not in artificial intelligence that relies solely on ambient intelligence technologies. (shrink)

Artificial intelligence (AI) ethics is undergoing a practical shift towards putting principles into design practices in developing responsible AI. While this practical turn is essential, this paper highlights its potential risk of overly focusing on addressing issues at the level of individual artifacts, which can neglect more profound structural challenges and the need for significant systemic change. Such oversight makes AI ethics lose its strength in addressing some hidden, long-term harms within broader contexts. In this paper, we propose that (...) the reflection on structural issues should be an integral part of AI ethics. To achieve this, we develop a multi-level framework to analyze socio-ethical issues of AI at both the artifact and broader structural levels. This framework can serve as a potentially transformative approach to uncover some unspoken assumptions in current AI ethics discourses and expose some blind spots in AI guidelines, policies, and regulations. Our paper paves the way to develop a practical approach that can effectively integrate this multi-level framework into real-world AI design and policymaking, ultimately bringing about transformative change. (shrink)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly expected to disrupt the ordinary functioning of society. From how we fight wars or govern society, to how we work and play, and from how we create to how we teach and learn, there is almost no field of human activity which is believed to be entirely immune from the impact of this emerging technology. This poses a multifaceted problem when it comes to designing and understanding regulatory responses to AI. This article aims to: (i) (...) defend the need for a novel conceptual model for understanding the systemic legal disruption caused by new technologies such as AI; (ii) to situate this model in relation to preceding debates about the interaction of regulation with new technologies (particularly the ‘cyberlaw’ and ‘robolaw’ debates); and (iii) to set out a detailed model for understanding the legal disruption precipitated by AI, examining both pathways stemming from new affordances that can give rise to a regulatory ‘disruptive moment’, as well as the Legal Development, Displacement or Destruction that can ensue. The article proposes that this model of legal disruption can be broadly generalisable to understanding the legal effects and challenges of other emerging technologies. (shrink)

Intelligent Tutoring System Builder (ITSB) is an authoring tool designed and developed to aid teachers in constructing intelligent tutoring systems in a multidisciplinary fields. The teacher is needed to create a set of pedagogical fundamentals, which, in line, are inured to automatically build up a broad tutor framework and construct an intelligent tutoring system. In this paper an explanation of the theory and the architecture of the tool is outlined. A presentation of several system components, the requirements (...) of the different components, integration of these components in ITSB tool are shown. Furthermore, implanting of requirements, cognitive principle, and common design fundamentals in the tool to ease the use of teachers. A variety of design matters, an example of building an intelligent tutoring system for teaching Java language using ITSB tool and an evaluation are presented. (shrink)

The unprecedented migration of populations to urban areas has created major challenges for municipalities and service providers. To address these issues, decision-makers must embrace smart city and Society 5.0 paradigms, both of which focus on adaptability and sustainable development. Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a pivotal role by expanding service capacity, enabling automation, and processing vast data to align urban development with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper develops a multi-criteria analysis system designed to support decision-making in complex socio-technological (...) contexts. Using cognitive mapping and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique within a neutrosophic environment, the study analyzes cause-and-effect relationships among critical factors that influence businesses’ adaptation to AI, smart cities, and Society 5.0. The results offer a holistic decision-support framework to guide policymakers, businesses, and urban planners toward inclusive, sustainable, and technologically integrated societies. (shrink)

The present paper aims at contributing to the ethical debate on the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) systems on human autonomy. More specifically, it intends to offer a clearer understanding of the design challenges to the effort of aligning driving automation technologies to this ethical value. After introducing the discussion on the ambiguous impacts that AI systems exert on human autonomy, the analysis zooms in on how the problem has been discussed in the literature on connected and automated vehicles (...) (CAVs). On this basis, it is claimed that the issue has been mainly tackled on a fairly general level, and mostly with reference to the controversial issue of crash-optimization algorithms, so that only limited design insights have been drawn. However, integrating ethical analysis and design practices is critical to pursue the implementation of such an important ethical value into CAV technologies. To this aim, it is argued, a more applied approach targeted at examining the impacts on human autonomy of current CAV functions should also be explored. As an example of the intricacy of this task, the case of automated route planning is discussed in some detail. (shrink)

This is a review of Mind Design II: Philosophy, Psychology, and Artificial Intelligence, edited by John Haugeland and published by The MIT Press in 1997.

In this paper, we designed and developed an intelligent tutoring system for teaching Photoshop. We designed the lessons, examples, and questions in a way to teach and evaluate student understanding of the material. Through the feedback provided by this tool, you can assess the student's understanding of the material, where there is a minimum overshoot questions stages, and if the student does not pass the level of questions he is asked to return the lesson and read it again. Eventually (...) this administration is a special teacher for the students and can continue with him until he fully understands the lesson without weariness or boredom, regardless of the level of student. (shrink)

When artificial intelligence algorithms produce significant social effects, orienting collective behaviors, transforming urban spaces, perpetuating inequalities, generating new forms of stratification, how should we understand the nature of this causality? This article proposes the concept of participated agency to overcome the inadequacy of existing categories. Anthropomorphism attributes intentionality and subjectivity to AI, treating algorithms as conscious agents. Instrumental reductionism denies any causal efficacy to algorithmic mediations, reducing AI to neutral tools. Both positions share a common assumption: agency must be either (...) fully subjective or completely absent. Participated agency designates a form of causal efficacy that genuinely participates in human action while remaining ontologically subordinate to properly human intelligence—that endowed with intentionality, self-consciousness, and meaning-making capacity. Drawing on Bourdieu's habitus and Latour's Actor-Network Theory, the article articulates this concept through two mechanisms: machine habitus (algorithmic sedimentation of cultural dispositions) and asymmetric co-constitution (mutual definition of human practices and algorithmic systems while maintaining human ontological priority). The empirical case of Waze demonstrates how algorithms coordinate individual behaviors generating unintended collective consequences. The analysis explores sociological implications: crystallization of dispositions, self-fulfilling prophecies, distributed responsibility, requiring governance operating on mediation itself rather than merely regulating use. (shrink)

This paper provides a brief review of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for sustainable aerospace systems, focusing on predictive and generative models that enable innovation in Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Predictive AI models are analyzed in terms of their capacity to estimate remaining useful life (RUL), optimize maintenance planning, and enhance safety management of critical aerospace components, such as turbofan engines and aircraft bearings. Generative models, including GANs, VAEs, and diffusion-based approaches, are examined as enablers of aerodynamic design optimization, (...) structural reliability assessment, and digital twin integration, significantly reducing costs of physical testing and accelerating certification. The review highlights how physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) integrate physical laws into machine learning, ensuring reliability and interpretability in real-world aerospace applications. Key challenges such as data scarcity, algorithmic transparency, and compliance with certification standards are addressed, alongside perspectives for hybrid AI approaches combining symbolic reasoning, neural networks, and digital twins. The findings demonstrate that the integration of predictive and generative AI methods not only supports sustainable development goals by reducing emissions, resource consumption, and downtime, but also strengthens the competitiveness of the aerospace sector in the European digital transition. (shrink)

AI safety is an interdisciplinary field focused on mitigating the harms caused by AI systems. We review a range of research directions in AI safety, focusing on those to which philosophers have made or are in a position to make the most significant contributions. These include ethical AI, which seeks to instill human goals, values, and ethical principles into artificial systems, scalable oversight, which seeks to develop methods for supervising the activity of artificial systems even when they become significantly more (...) capable than their human designers, interpretability, which seeks to render comprehensible the workings of complex machine learning models, and corrigibility, which seeks to discover ways to ensure that powerful AI systems will not resist being shut down or modified by humans. (shrink)

This paper introduces the AI–Human Ethical Interface (M7), a framework for building procedural intelligence based on empathic design. The work explores how artificial intelligence can be aligned with human-centered values through perceptual modeling, procedural reasoning, and emotional-context awareness. It proposes a new direction for integrating ethical constraints directly into computational motion, interaction, and decision-making systems.

This paper describes an Intelligent Tutoring System for helping users with ADO.NET called ADO-Tutor. The Intelligent Tutoring System was designed and developed using (ITSB) authoring tool for building intelligent educational systems. The user learns through the intelligent tutoring system ADO.NET, the technology used by Microsoft.NET to connect to databases. The material includes lessons, examples, and questions. Through the feedback provided by the intelligent tutoring system, the user's understanding of the material is assessed, and accordingly can (...) be guided to different difficulty level of exercises and/or the lessons. The Intelligent Tutoring System was evaluated by a group of users and the results were more than satisfactory in terms of the quality of the material and the design of the system. (shrink)

This paper introduces Conceptual Intelligence (CI), a novel theory of cognition that positions the capacity for boundary creation and revision as the fundamental characteristic of intelligent systems. Unlike traditional computational models that treat intelligence as symbol manipulation within fixed frameworks, CI proposes that genuine intelligence lies in the ability to generate, interrogate, and evolve the conceptual boundaries that structure perception and reasoning. Drawing on insights from philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence, this theory offers both a descriptive (...) account of human cognitive development and a prescriptive framework for designing adaptive artificial systems. The implications extend across education, scientific discovery, creative expression, and the development of artificial general intelligence, suggesting that boundary fluidity—rather than computational power—may be the key to understanding and creating truly intelligent systems. (shrink)