Literature plays a relevant role in Hegel’s philosophical discourse. On the one hand, literary references are often interwoven with his speculative argumentation, on the other hand, the Aesthetics regards poetry as the highest form of artistic expression, for it is able to represent the different ways of human action and to bring up their hidden ideal presuppositions. The aim of this paper is to show how the concept of action is crucial to the interpretation of literary phenomena in the (...) Aesthetics, but assumes different configurations in relation to the historical transformation of the concept of subjectivity. To verify the specifically aesthetic import of concepts such as action and recognition, which originally belong to the ethical-political sphere, I will examine Hegel’s interpretation of the chivalric literature, which is present in various areas and with different functions in the structure of the Aesthetics, as a component of his theory of subjectivity. This topic has been little studied but offers an interesting perspective on some problematic points of Hegel’s theory: the controversial relation between the structural dimension of the concept of art and historical development of artistic forms, the apparently univocal paradigm of classic beauty, and the definition of artistic modernity. (shrink)

Many great authors claim that reading literature can expand your phenomenal imagination and allow you to imagine experiences you have never had. How is this possible? Your phenomenal imagination is constrained by your phenomenal concepts, which are in turn constrained by the phenomenology of your own actual past experiences. Literature could expand your phenomenal imagination, then, by giving you new phenomenal concepts. This paper explains how this can happen. Literature can direct your attention to previously unnoticed phenomenal (...) properties of your own past experiences, as brought to mind by involuntary memory. This process gives you the opportunity to notice those phenomenal properties for the first time, and so also to form phenomenal concepts of those properties. Forming a new phenomenal concept strictly expands the range of your phenomenal imagination. It gives you the capacity to imagine more than you could have before, including certain specific kinds of experience that you yourself have never enjoyed firsthand. Literature’s capacity to expand your phenomenal imagination in this way is central to its social, moral, and epistemic value. (shrink)

Review of *How Literature Changes the Way We Think*, by Michael Mack (Continuum, 2012).

This paper explores the possibility of treating literature as mathematics by formalizing selected passages from world classics. Examples include Kafka’s Metamorphosis, Camus’s The Stranger, Orwell’s 1984, Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities, Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet, Kafka’s The Trial, and Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground. Each text is represented through variables, functions, and logical operators, modeling subjects, temporal indices, state transitions, contradictions, and self-definitions. The analysis demonstrates that literary expression inherently contains logical structures that can be (...) rendered mathematically. The study’s significance lies in its provocation: challenging the disciplinary divide between the sciences and the humanities, and proposing a unified view where literature and mathematics converge in a common formal language. (shrink)

Literature, we argue, is about ‘meaning’ and not about ‘truth’. Most school subjects, including the humanities, are about truth-seeking and knowledge-building. Literature is different. A literary work is entirely fictional. It offers no knowledge in the usual sense of that word, but it offers a form of understanding because it engages with the world in an indirect way. It presents the reader with a dramatic but fictional narrative situation, in which fictional people, places and events instantiate social practices (...) and engage with social and moral concepts. The reader is invited to grapple with both the particular situation and with the more general practices and concepts. The study of literature in the classroom is thus best practised as a whole class discussion of the story and of the practices and the concepts embodied in it. In this way the study of literature resembles the study of philosophy, especially the study of social and moral philosophy. However, literature differs markedly from philosophy, because a literary work presents no arguments and makes no truth claims. It operates more at the level of particulars than generalities and abstractions, and we call this level of operation ‘dramatic instantiation’. Literature thus has a unique place in the school curriculum. Philosophy, it is often said, teaches not what to think but how to think. Literature is even more minimal. It teaches neither what nor how to think. Instead, it offers materials about which to think. A literary work is a ‘machine for thinking’, as IA Richards put it. Good literature offers materials for thinking which have proven over time to be worth thinking about. The experience of such materials is uniquely valuable and a necessary part of any good education. (shrink)

There is a long tradition in philosophy and literary theory defending the view that engagement with literature promotes readers’ empathy. Until the last century, few of the empirical claims adduced in that tradition were investigated experimentally. Recent work in psychology and neuropsychology has now shed new light on the interplay of empathy and literature. This article surveys the experimental findings, addressing three central questions: What is it to read empathically? Does reading make us more empathic? What characteristics of (...) literature, if any, affect readers’ empathy? While experimental studies have delivered no conclusive answers to these questions, it has exposed their psychological complexity and constructed a more nuanced picture of the diverse ways in which literature interacts with our empathic capacities. (shrink)

Empirical philosophers of science aim to base their philosophical theories on observations of scientific practice. But since there is far too much science to observe it all, how can we form and test hypotheses about science that are sufficiently rigorous and broad in scope, while avoiding the pitfalls of bias and subjectivity in our methods? Part of the answer, we claim, lies in the computational tools of the digital humanities, which allow us to analyze large volumes of scientific literature. (...) Here we advocate for the use of these methods by addressing a number of large-scale, justificatory concerns—specifically, about the epistemic value of journal articles as evidence for what happens elsewhere in science, and about the ability of DH tools to extract this evidence. Far from ignoring the gap between scientific literature and the rest of scientific practice, effective use of DH tools requires critical reflection about these relationships. (shrink)

Bringing Luciano Floridi’s conceptions of distant writing and narrative isotropy in connection with Italo Calvino’s praxis and philosophy of literature yields a fundamental insight into the virtual interaction (the spasmodic tango) of human and Large Language Model (LLM) in the production of literary texts. Floridi’s concept of ‘distant writing’ is a methodology for using LLMs to produce text, with the writer taking on the role of designer, rather than producer, of the text. Floridi conceptualizes the ‘boundless narrative isotropy’ of (...) distant writing as: “the principle that any narrative domain is equally workable in any direction, provided coherence is maintained”. Calvino’s work provides metaphorical models of isotropic narrative exploration that emphasize both the potential of distant writing and the importance of the reader for the constitution of literature, thereby anticipating Floridi’s conclusions. By exploring the mapping of Floridi’s LLM and Calvino’s tarot decks onto the explication of distant writing the paper shows that there is continuity between close and distant writing. Distant writing as process of literary production aligns with Calvino’s creative practice and vision of a combinatorial writing in which a machine could replace the human writer: Calvino’s practice is the _disautomated_ counterpart of distant writing. The result is the navigation of narrative space, while maintaining narrative isotropy: a de-anthropomorphized conception of what it is to produce narrative literature that undermines any technological exceptionalism about LLMs' narrative capabilities, and refutes Floridi’s idea of a qualitatively new access to narrative modality via LLMs. Finally, this conclusion is connected to the multiplicity of reading and an informational conception of authorship; the problem of automating cultural universalism is raised; and literary reductionism is conceptualized as threat for the AI-generated literature to come. (shrink)

According to what I call the ‘Discontinuity Thesis’, literature can never count as genuine philosophizing: there is an impermeable barrier separating it from philosophy. While philosophy presents logically valid arguments in favor of or against precisely formulated statements, literature gives neither precisely formulated theses nor arguments in favor of or against them. Hence, philosophers don’t lose out on anything if they don’t read literature. There are two obvious ways of questioning the Discontinuity Thesis. First, arguing that (...) class='Hi'>literature can indeed do what philosophy is generally taken to do. Second, arguing that philosophy is not, in fact, the presentation of logically valid arguments in favor or against precisely formulated statements – what it does is closer to what literature is generally taken to do. I use a combination of these two strategies and argue that philosophy is not as intellectually straightforward as it is advertized to be and literature is not as intellectually impoverished as it is generally taken to be. (shrink)

This article explores the relation between Western literature and the philosophy of Swami Nigamananda. It emphasizes how an unseen spiritual power, reflected in Thakur Maharaj’s wisdom and devotion, resonates across diverse literatures of both East and West. Through examples such as Rabindranath Tagore’s Gitanjali and François’ Ma Vie Chez Les Brahmins, the discussion highlights the universality of Nigamananda’s vision. His teachings mainly centered on knowledge, devotion, meditation, and love are shown to transcend religious boundaries, inspiring writers to portray spirituality (...) as a guiding force for humanity. The study argues that Nigamananda’s ideals not only shape Indian literary thought but also find recognition in Western writings, illustrating his role as a bridge between spiritual philosophy and global literary traditions. (shrink)

Are philosophy and literature allies or enemies in Jorge Luis Borges's fictions? In this paper, I argue that Borges can satisfy membership in the allies camp because his fictions provide the imaginative scenarios the allies believe are so necessary to this coalition; however, because his stories question philosophy's hold on reality, they can also seem to fall into the enemies camp by countervailing any claim philosophy has on reality and truth; although, ultimately, the manner in which Borges forges an (...) alliance between philosophy and literature will be for reasons not traditionally accepted by those in either the allies or enemies camps. (shrink)

In this article I consider the idea that Glasersfeld’s “radical constructivism” offers an ideal framework for putting in place such a reality of the best fit for us. Along with this, I examine also the fundamental biological and epistemological limitations that we are faced with when trying to fathom objective reality and, secondly, the inescapable gap between language – which we use as a primary cognitive tool in our attempt to comprehend the world. The paper then show that literature (...) – especially fiction – best meets the criteria for addressing these gaps and constructing such a model of reality in line with what radical constructivism proposes. (shrink)

Literature has often been interpreted through rigid categories: genre, structure, and canonical forms. Shinayaka Literature Theory, inspired by Shinayaka Geometry, introduces elasticity into narrative and lan- guage, where stories and words are supple trajectories rather than rigid lines. This paper defines supple literature, explores its applications, and provides examples of elastic expression.

Can novels, plays and poetry tell us something important and true about who we are, about others, and about life generally? The question seems to be of interest not only to writers on literary theory and aesthetics, but to people generally. This paper considers the issues involved.

This chapter addresses the relationship between Rorty’s pragmatist philosophy and his view of literature and literary writing. It begins by examining the relationship between philosophy and literature, construed by Rorty in terms of the opposition between “normal,” professionalized, argument-centered philosophical discourse and the kind of cultural criticism which emphasizes human finitude and contingency, seeking through the use of irony and literary inventiveness to transform our prevalent visions of what it means to be human. This humanist side of Rorty’s (...) argument is further developed through the discussion of the role that literature plays in intellectual self-formation and moral edification, by educating moral sensibility and providing transformational shifts of conceptual perspective. These dynamics of literary innovation are then shown to dovetail nicely with Rorty’s naturalistic, evolutionary conception of cultural development as well as his views regarding the indispensable role of the personal, the private, and the unshared in producing genuine cultural innovation. (shrink)

One important aspect of Nussbaum´s thesis on the moral value of literature concerns the power of literature to enhance our ability to empathise with other minds. This aspect will be the focus of the current article. My aim is to reflect upon this question regarding the moral value of our empathy for fictional characters. The article is structured in two main parts. I will first examine the concept of “empathy” and distinguish between empathy for human beings and empathy (...) for fictional characters. I will call the latter “literary empathy”. In the second part of the paper I will examine the arguments for and against the double thesis that reading literature enhances our ability to feel empathy, and that feeling empathy prompts altruistic behaviour. (shrink)

In a democracy, every individual is thought to have the potential to achieve what Matthew Arnold considers the supreme characteristic of intellectual freedom, "the intellectual maturity of man himself; the tendency to observe facts with a critical spirit; to search for their law, not to wander among them at random; to judge by the rule of reason, not by the impulse of prejudice or caprice" (The Complete Prose Works of Matthew Arnold, Vol. 1, p. 21). But Arnold finds a critical (...) opposition between man's instinctive efforts to develop "fully and freely" and the economic forces of the industrial culture of modern democracies, consumed with work and wealth accumulation. He maintains that in the aesthetic experience of literature we behold the being we are capable of. First in his poetry, and later in his critical prose, Arnold confronts the malaise of modernity and the spiritual fragmentation at the heart of contemporary literature. The hope for his project for education is that it can free us to find new critical consciousness and recover the moral authority of aesthetic judgment. In this study I try to explicate Arnold's conviction that collapsing the duality of literature and science expands our knowledge of the world and that cultivating humanity through the experience of ideas in literature affirms the integrity of the individual and reconciles his or her relation to nature and the human community. The aim of this work is twofold. First it recasts Arnold's uncertain legacy among philosophers of education in the perspective of philosophy as a way of life. I hope it also invites further inquiry into his synthesis of intellect and imagination in the aesthetic phenomenon and its capacity to critique conditions of existence. (shrink)

This chapter addresses the relationship between Rorty's pragmatist philosophy and his view of literature and literary writing. It begins by examining the relationship between philosophy and literature, construed by Rorty in terms of the opposition between “normal,” professionalized, argument‐centered philosophical discourse and the kind of cultural criticism which emphasizes human finitude and contingency, seeking through the use of irony and literary inventiveness to transform our prevalent visions of what it means to be human. This humanist side of Rorty's (...) argument is further developed through the discussion of the role that literature plays in intellectual self‐formation and moral edification, by educating moral sensibility and providing transformational shifts of conceptual perspective. These dynamics of literary innovation are then shown to dovetail nicely with Rorty's naturalistic, evolutionary conception of cultural development as well as his views regarding the indispensable role of the personal, the private, and the unshared in producing genuine cultural innovation. (shrink)

What is the relation between works of fiction and the acquisition of knowledge?

W. J. T. Mitchell's "Spatial Form in Literature: Toward a General Theory" (Critical Inquiry 6 [Spring 1980]: 539-67) raises some fundamental questions about the concept of form itself and makes some large claims for the centrality of spatial form not only in modern criticism but in our entire culture. I wish to address a few of the questions raised by his discussion. First, Mitchell posits an identity between spatial form and "synchronic structural models" as if all explanatory models abstracted (...) from temporal alteration were necessarily spatial. (shrink)

Several quantitative studies (e.g. Kidd & Castano, 2013a; Djikic et al., 2013) have shown a positive correlation between literary reading and empathy. However, the literary nature of the stimuli used in these studies has not been defined at a more detailed, stylistic level. In order to explore the stylistic underpinnings of the hypothesized link between literariness and empathy, we conducted a qualitative experiment in which the degree of stylistic foregrounding was manipulated. Subjects (N = 37) read versions of Katherine Mansfield's (...) 'The Fly', a short story rich in foregrounding, while marking striking and evocative passages of their choosing. Afterwards, they were asked to select three markings and elaborate on their experiences in writing. One group read the original story, while the other read a 'non-literary' version, produced by an established author of suspense fiction for young adults, where stylistic foregrounding was reduced. We found that the non-literary version elicited significantly more (p < 0.05) explicitly empathic responses than the original story. This finding stands in contradiction to widely accepted assumptions in recent research, but can be assimilated in alternative models of literariness and affect in literary reading (e.g. Cupchik et al., 1998). We present an analysis of the data with a view to offering more than one interpretation of the observed effects of stylistic foregrounding. (shrink)

The primary aim of this essay will be to look at a few arguments for how to improve Moral Imagination. Next, it will discuss how ‘stories’ and ‘pretending’ can alter how we think and act. Additionally, one underdeveloped aspect of traditional normative ethics involves how Moral Imagination is employed but usually not overtly discussed. Finally, the essay will offer an argument for how to use narrative fiction in a philosophy classroom to deepen these abilities.

The Doppelgänger or Double presents literature as the “double” of philosophy. There are historical reasons for this. The genesis of the Doppelgänger is literature’s response to the philosophical focus on subjectivity. The Doppelgänger was coined by the German author Jean Paul in 1796 as a critique of Idealism’s assertion of subjective autonomy, individuality and human agency. This critique prefigures post-War extrapolations of the subject as decentred. From this perspective, the Doppelgänger has a “family resemblance” to current conceptualizations of (...) subjectivity. It becomes the emblematic subject of modernity. This is the first significant study on the Doppelgänger’s influence on philosophical thought. The Doppelgänger emerges as a hidden and unexplored element both in conceptions of subjectivity and in philosophy’s relation to literature. Vardoulakis demonstrates this by employing the Doppelgänger to read literature philosophically and to read philosophy as literature. The Doppelgänger then appears instrumental in the self-conception of both literature and philosophy. (shrink)

n this article, I try to defend the thesis that imagination against reason, moral progress through imagination not the reason, the emergence of literary culture after philosophical culture from Hegel onwards, contingency of language, the usefulness of literature (poetry, novels and stories, etc.) in enhancing empathy with one another and ultimately reducing philosophy to poetry in Richard Rorty's writings point to one thing: the priority of literature to philosophy. The literary or post-physical culture that Rorty defends is opposed (...) to the Enlightenment and the philosophical and religious culture. Rorty prefers literary culture among the religious culture and philosophical culture. The literary culture Rorty envisages is a radically historicist and nominalist one. Rorty’s romanticised version of pragmatism aims precisely at dealing with this literary or post-physical culture or, in generally, the literature. (shrink)

This is a philosophical review of the exhibition dedicated to Literature – Art titled Mukhaputa (Cover page) held on occasion of the Manipal International Literature and Arts Platform 2017 in Manipal, India. The curatorial strategy of the exhibition explores the intersectional relationships between literature and visual arts at large. The context of this critical review is the recent past of modern literature journals in print that encouraged artists and illustrators to converse with literature and in (...) turn poets and authors to be artists in their own right. Through a reflection on the nature of new forms of art works submitted by various artists to the exhibition, the review situates new methods of interdisciplinary curating which is highly contingent and speculative. Curation, thus, demands a new reading in terms of its role in interdisciplinary creative practice. (shrink)

A brief survey of the pioneers of Malayalam literature.

The healthcare environment of recovery rooms is critical and is often overlooked as a predictor of patients' physical and psychological recovery. Research has proven that incorporating natural elements, such as green spaces, sunlight, and biophilic designs, helps reduce recovery time, decrease reliance on medication, and improve mental health outcomes. This paper reviews previous findings to establish how natural resources can accelerate recovery, reduce the need for medications, and improve the patient’s mental health. The paper applies Attention Restoration Theory (ART) to (...) explain how nature helps reduce cognitive fatigue and, consequently, facilitates recovery. The study's findings indicate that healthcare organizations should consider incorporating natural elements into their buildings, as this is an affordable way to enhance patients' well-being. The central thesis is that natural details enhance the cognitive restoration process and, therefore, decrease mental fatigue, which may lead to faster recovery. Ultimately, this paper explains how integrating nature into the design of healthcare facilities can be a cost-efficient way to achieve better patient recovery and, thus, better health and hospital environments. (shrink)

This paper explores the intersection between post-postmodern literature and the Ten- son Theory of energy–information resonance, using *The Executioner Who Refused to Kill the Suicidal Girl* as a paradigmatic example. The study aims to demonstrate how Nemoto’s literary structure materializes the philosophical and ethical principles of the Tenson framework—namely, the unification of energy (E) and information (I) through complex tensor dynamics Tij= Eij + iIij. We argue that this literary work functions as a field model for post-postmodern ethics, illustrating (...) how narrative fluctuation becomes a manifestation of informational resonance. Through close reading, we propose that the novel embodies the transition from deconstructive irony to resonant sincerity, offering a new ontology of narrative ethics. (shrink)

This literature review synthesizes the author’s body of work, as documented on ResearchGate, PhilPeople, and Substack, to evaluate progress toward a practical method for time travel to parallel universes. Grounded in John Archibald Wheeler’s participatory universe concept—where observers actively shape reality through quantum measurement—the review focuses on the research question: How close have I come to developing a practical way to time travel to parallel universes, using the participatory universe concept, to document all grievances people could possibly have? The (...) analysis draws from 830+ publications on ResearchGate (primarily preprints and essays from 2025), 71 published articles and 47 books on PhilPeople, and thematic posts on Substack. Key themes include quantum entanglement, entropy reversal, Neuralink integration, and the Gateway Process as mechanisms for accessing parallel timelines. While theoretical frameworks are advanced, practical implementation remains speculative, with progress estimated at 40-50% toward feasibility, limited by current technological constraints. (shrink)

This research proposes an innovative theoretical model that radically redefines the relationship between literature and science, transcending reductionist paradigms of influence and prediction. Building upon a stratified ontology of the literary phenomenon (Ingarden, 1931/1979) and its anthropological function as a form of knowledge (Cassirer, 1923/1953; Iser, 1991/1997), we demonstrate how literature operates as an active expansion device of the boundaries of the knowable. Through the analysis of specific literary mechanisms—technico-poetic specification (Verne), pre-mathematical narrative formalization (Borges), and complete problem-field (...) configuration (Shelley)—we reveal how literature creates expanded conceptual spaces that science subsequently inhabits and develops. The Barthesian metaphor of literature as "that lazy artillery of the unknown" (Barthes, 1953/1987) acquires here its full epistemological significance. We propose a co-evolutionary expansion model where literature and science dialectically intertwine in the continuous amplification of the real, grounded in complexity theories (Prigogine & Stengers, 1979/1984) and posthumanist epistemologies (Haraway, 1985/2016). The article includes detailed analyses of paradigmatic cases and establishes a rigorous methodology for studying literary-scientific expansion processes. (shrink)

This article examines public administration from 1890 to 2023 to see how it evolved and influenced practice and if good governance is a crucial component in this transformation. This paper presents an in-depth review of several different pieces of secondary literature sources. This paper produced several key findings. The most important finding of this literature study is that, between 1890 and 1980, the Public Administration transitioned from "Traditional Public Administration" to "New Public Management" due to the growing need (...) for good governance. The year 2000 saw the birth of a novel idea in public administration known as "New Public Governance," which has persisted in practice ever since. This paper will be useful to Public Administration practitioners worldwide. There has been little empirical research into how the evolution of Public Administration encourages governments to act more like private corporations. Consequently, more research on this subject is encouraged. (shrink)

Spanish philosopher Julián Marías explains that the adequate philosophical explanations of the human person reside in literature, particularly in the constitutive dramatismo (dramatic character) of the person, which is made meaningful by narrating human life. He claims that literature is a sort of pre-philosophy, as has been the case since the time of the Greeks, especially in their presentation of philosophy in the form of literature, that is, the story-like structure of the dialogues. Marías says life has (...) dramatismo because it consists of a series of circumstantial happenings that have a projective quality, and this is only intelligible through narration, by ‘giving an account’ of the dramatic character of my life. Since my life is a story on account of its dramatismo, it is only properly recounted, that is, understood, when it is narrated. But no matter how much these two literary notions inform philosophical inquiry, they can never be isolated from their proper domain: literature. In some way, then, philosophy relies on literature because of the ease with which it penetrates the reality of the human person; and the tools that make it possible are, as I shall explore in this paper, Marías’s notions of dramatismo and narrative. (shrink)

This systematic literature review examines the effectiveness of Grammarly as an Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) tool for improving the writing skills of English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. Drawing on 10 studies published between 2018 and 2024, the review assesses Grammarly’s key features, benefits, and limitations. Results show that Grammarly significantly reduces grammatical errors, enhances students’ writing confidence, and fosters autonomous learning. However, challenges such as over-reliance on the tool and its (...) limited capacity to provide comprehensive feedback on higher-order writing skills remain. The review underscores the need for further research into Grammarly’s long-term effects on writing development, particularly its efficacy across various academic disciplines and contexts. (shrink)

Low Back Pain (LBP) represents a rising public health issue that affects women in desk-bound government office work more frequently than other groups. Technological advancement in work practices leads to increased spinal strain, which speeds up disc deterioration and raises the risk of LBP, particularly among women aged 49–50 who face additional hormonal and anatomical challenges. This paper reviews how the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public administration workflows creates conditions that lead to increased sedentary behaviors, which subsequently cause (...) LBP in female office workers. The combination of extended static work at desks with AI technology adoption through automated scheduling systems, document processing software, and digital communication platforms results in reduced movement, task variety, and postural change for government employees. It applies Cumulative Load Theory to explore how AI-driven automation increases occupational and ergonomic risks, leading to musculoskeletal disorders through prolonged low-level biomechanical stress. The discussion demonstrates that AI will unintentionally perpetuate dangerous sedentary behaviors in public sector workplaces unless organizations implement proactive workplace redesign and health informed policy changes. The review synthesizes 45 scholarly articles, emphasizing the importance of workplace ergonomic solutions that cater to gender differences, including adjustable furniture, task rotation, and AI-based wellness platforms. This review supports the emerging field of knowledge that promotes digital transformation strategies aligned with occupational health priorities in government institutions that employ a large number of female administrative staff. (shrink)

Muhammad Wazeh Rashid al-Hasani al- Nadawi is an eminent scholar of Islamic sciences and Arabic language and literature and also a celebrated Arabic journalist in contemporary India. He belongs to a famous family of Rai- Berali (U. P.), viz. Shah Elmullah family. He is an alumnus of Darul Ulum Nadwatul Ulama, Laknow and Aligarh Muslim University, two prestigious institutions of India. He is now occupying the post of Education Secretary in Darul Ulum Nadwatul Ulama, Laknow. He is also the (...) chief editor of Al Raid (a fortnightly Arabic news paper) and sub editor of Al- Ba’sul Islami (a monthly Arabic Journal). Till now, he has produced many articles, research papers which are published in various national and international journals and also written a good number of Arabic books in history of Arabic literature, biography, Islamic culture etc. which are well accepted among the readers. One of his famous book is أدب الصحوة الإسلامية (The literature of Islamic awakening). In this book the writer discussed the contribution of many Islamic thinkers, philosophers, writers such as Amir Shakib Arsalan, Hasan al- Banna, Al- Sayeed Kutub, Ali Tantawi, Muhammad Ekhba, Abul Hasan Ali Al Hasani al- Nadawi etc. in all round development of their society and also mentioned how they use their outstanding literary works to awaken the people of their society from their deep sleep in respect of religious and worldly affairs. This book is an important guide for those who want to do something for betterment of their society. I have studied this book analytically and the present article entitled "أدب الصحوة الإسلامية: دراسة تحليلية" is the output of this study. (shrink)

This is a study about emergence and development of the notion of ‘al-Adab al-Islami’ or Islamic Literature. The focus is on the conceptual thinking underlying Islamic Literature as a discourse. The term "Islamic Literature" consists of two fundamental components, "Islamic" and "Literature". In order to understand the concept of Islamic Literature, an appropriate understanding of the nature within Islam is inevitable. This study looks at the fundamental question whether Islamic Literature should give priority to (...) its religious or its literary proper ties. This study observes the development of the concept of an Islamic Literature throughout the history. Islamic Literature draws its inspiration from the Quran and the Hadith, the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. (shrink)

What is distinctive about literary metaphors? Why do authors use metaphors in literature? I argue that metaphors in literature, like metaphors elsewhere, allow authors to communicate thoughts and stake claims about how the world is. To make this claim plausible, we need, first, to free ourselves of an overly restrictive conception of ordinary discourse, which can be open-ended, nuanced, and imagistically and emotionally evocative, just like literary metaphors; and in particular which can also present contents through perspectives. Second, (...) we need to recognize the interpretive differences that are generated by the literary context: because literary texts are published works of art, literary meaning is constructed as a collaboration between a 'model author' and a 'model reader', each of whom has access to both more and fewer interpretive assumptions than the actual writer and recipient do. Third, we need to attend to the diversity among literary metaphors, which can be laser-focused as well as open-ended, abstract as well as concretely imagistic and emotional, and which can stake truth-evaluable claims while also presenting non-propositional perspectives. Finally, metaphors differ from other perspectival tropes, like exemplification, in presenting one thing through the lens or filter of something else, producing a kind of twofoldness that gives metaphors a distinctive rhetorical and cognitive power. (shrink)

Time travel engineering remains a speculative field at the intersection of theoretical physics and conceptual engineering, with no practical implementations achieved to date. This literature review examines current research, drawing from physics theories such as relativity, wormholes, and quantum mechanics, alongside conceptual redefinitions. Key themes include the hypothetical mechanisms for forward and backward time travel, paradoxes, and engineering challenges. Sources indicate that while forward time travel is supported by relativity, backward travel faces insurmountable barriers like irreversibility and energy requirements. (...) Implications for future research emphasize boundary-pushing in quantum simulations and spacetime manipulation, though ethical and pragmatic limitations persist. (shrink)

Nietzscheforschung, De Gruyter, 2023. Rezension zu: Häfner Ralph, Kaufmann Sebastian, Sommer Andreas Urs Nietzsches Literaturen. De Gruyter, Berlin u. Boston 2019.

The paper explores the much-neglected but crucial topic of the capacity of art to transcend time.

marginal notes on Jung, Sartre, Valéry, Tolkien, Borges, and more; with woven-in autobiography.

Literatur ist ein sehr vielschichtiges und lebendiges Phänomen, das beständig im Wandel ist. So wie sie im Laufe der Jahrhunderte und in den verschiedenen Kulturkreisen unter-schiedliche Formen angenommen und anderen Funktionen gedient hat, liegt es in ihrer Natur, immer wieder neue Ausdrucksformen zu entwickeln, die den sich ändernden Be-dürfnissen und Rahmenbedingungen gerecht werden können. Auch die theoretische Aus-einandersetzung mit der Literatur ist Veränderungen unterworfen, die manchmal wellen-förmige Bewegungen anzunehmen scheinen. Neue Fragestellungen geraten in den Mittel-punkt des Interesses, einzelne Aspekte werden (...) besonders beachtet, während andere in Vergessenheit geraten – um eventuell zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt in neuer Form wieder-aufzutauchen. In der Philosophie der Literatur gilt es seit Längerem als weithin anerkannt, dass der Text die entscheidende Größe sei, und dass die Tatsache, dass an der Produktion und Rezeption von literarischen Kunstwerken Menschen beteiligt sind, die mit diesen Werken Ziele verfolgen und Wünsche und Interessen verwirklichen wollen, ignoriert werden kön-ne. Im vorliegenden Beitrag will ich auf die gegenwärtige Diskussion in der Philosophie der Literatur eingehen und für einen Perspektivenwechsel argumentieren: Um dem Phä-nomen Literatur gerecht zu werden, sollten wir versuchen, es ganzheitlich in das Blickfeld zu bekommen. Literatur ist mehr als bloß Text. Sie ist eine soziale Praxis, die einen festen Stellenwert in unserer Gesellschaft hat und stellt ein Medium dar, in dem wir uns mit an-deren austauschen und auf sie abstimmen können. Mein Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf der Debatte um den kognitiven Gehalt der Literatur, weil hier die negativen Auswirkungen der Verkürzung der vorherrschenden Perspektive besonders augenscheinlich sind. (shrink)

This volume aimed to highlight narrative identities of European cities or city neighbourhoods that have been overlooked, such as mid-sized cities. These cities are neither small towns nor metropolises, cities that are now unveiling their appeal or specificity. The present special issue thus covers a range of representations of cities. The articles investigate more systematically how different texts deal with various cities from different experiential and fictional perspectives. The issue covers the geographical scope across Europe, from east to west or (...) vice versa, as well as a range of different works of national literature(s), but with a clear emphasis on mid-sized European cities that have until now been deemed as lesser-known, secondary, peripheral, ‘other’ cities that are in the focus of the research of the COST project Writing Urban Places. New Narratives of the European City, within which this journal issue is being published. (shrink)

Purpose. Although the dynamic capability concept has been one of the most researched topics in strategic management in recent years, it is not commonly defined in theory and hardly applied in practice. For this reason, the authors decided to re-evaluate dynamic capability literature. -/- Design/Method/Approach. Systematic literature review. -/- Findings. Various discrepancies concerning the very nature of dynamic capabilities and their impact on firm performance are identified that need to be resolved. -/- Theoretical implications. For the purpose of (...) enabling more precise prediction, it is recommended to contrast various dynamic capability concepts, reducing the number and increasing the predictability of the contingencies involved. It is advised to develop these scenarios based on the various seminal papers on dynamic capabilities, grounded in empirical research and supported by specific examples. -/- Practical implication. It is concluded that there is a generalized version of the dynamic capability concept that allows one to understand the rough outline of dynamic capability theory. However, it is noted that this generalized, contingency-based version compromises the prediction of specific dynamic capability deployment outcomes, therefore hindering dynamic capabilities in gaining practical application. -/- Originality/Value. Complementary and opposing views on the characteristics, causalities and contingencies of the dynamic capability construct are combined and contrasted respectively. -/- Research limitations/Future research. The paper highlights avenues for further research by contrasting, rather than merging, different perspectives. -/- Paper type – сonceptual. (shrink)