Results for 'X-Men'

994 found
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  1. Prof. Balibar’s X-Mutant Transindividuals: Civic Disobedience in the Birmingham Philosophy Guild.Joshua M. Hall - 2025 - Culture and Dialogue 12 (1-2).
    As I have explored elsewhere, the Birmingham Philosophy Guild, which my former students and I re-founded in 2012, is a team of community members who engage in theoretical discussion, support group self-cultivation, and community activism. To further promote the guild as a catalyst for progressive social change, the present article connects it to both the popular cultural phenomenon of the “X-Men” – to make the guild more appealing to students and laypeople – and to the cutting-edge contemporary French philosophy of (...)
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  2. All men are animals: hypothetical, categorical, or material?Rani Lill Anjum & Johan Arnt Myrstad - manuscript
    The conditional interpretation of general categorical statements like ‘All men are animals’ as universally quantified material conditionals ‘For all x, if x is F, then x is G’ suggests that the logical structure of law statements is conditional rather than categorical. Disregarding the problem that the universally quantified material conditional is trivially true whenever there are no xs that are F, there are some reasons to be sceptical of Frege’s equivalence between categorical and conditional expressions. Now many philosophers will claim (...)
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  3. Only X%: The Problem of Sex Equality.Janet Radcliffe Richards - 2014 - Journal of Practical Ethics 2 (1):44-67.
    When Mill published The Subjection of Women in 1869 he wanted to replace the domination of one sex by the other laws based on ‘a principle of perfect equality’. It is widely complained, however, that even advanced countries have still failed to achieve equality between the sexes. Power and wealth and influence are still overwhelmingly in the hands of men. But equalities of these kinds are not the ones required by the principle of equality that Mill had in mind; and, (...)
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  4. The Rise of the Comic Book Movie.Gary James Jason - 2008 - Liberty (October):46-47.
    In this essay, I take up the question of why so many of the movies made by Hollywood are endless sequels, “prequels,” and remakes of prior blockbuster hits and so many are based on comic books (X-men, Superman, Batman, and so on). I tie the explanation in part to the aforementioned 1950 Supreme Court ruling prohibiting production companies, and in part to broader cultural changes. In particular, I argue that precisely because film producers can no longer make money from the (...)
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  5. Reprodução em Novilhas Leiteiras.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - manuscript
    REPRODUÇÃO EM NOVILHAS LEITEIRAS INTRODUÇÃO O principal objetivo da criação de substitutos em gado leiteiro é produzir uma novilha que tenha seu parto aos dois anos de idade (23 a 25 meses) e com um peso de 550 a 580 kg. O manejo reprodutivo das novilhas começa quando estas atingem 14 ou 15 meses de idade e um peso de 350 a 370 kg. A produção de novilhas deve ser suficiente para substituir as vacas descartadas anualmente (25 a 35%), e (...)
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  6. Internal Beauty.Jonathan Gilmore - unknown
    In the title essay of The Philosophical Disenfranchisement of Art Arthur Danto describes two dominant strains of the philosophy of art in its Platonic beginnings: one that art is dangerous, and thus subject to political censorship or control, and the other that art exists at several removes from the ordinary reality, impotent to effect any meaningful change in the human world.1 These two ways of understanding art, really two charges laid at art’s door, seem contradictory, he writes, until one realizes (...)
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  7. Fertilidade em Vacas Leiteiras: Fisiologia e Manejo.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - manuscript
    FERTILIDADE EM VACAS LEITEIRAS: FISIOLOGIA E MANEJO INTRODUÇÃO A fertilidade das vacas com aptidão leiteira tem apresentado queda de quase 1% ao ano nos últimos 30 anos como apresentam os estudos acerca da reprodução de bovinos leiteiros; essa diminuição tem coincidido com um aumento sustentado na produção de leite. Estudos realizados a partir da década de 1960 pelo NRC, demonstraram que nos rebanhos leiteiros da América do Norte, nessa década, era conseguido emprenhar até 65% das vacas inseminadas, enquanto, atualmente, a (...)
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  8. Nutrição e Suplementação Mineral de Bovinos de Corte.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - manuscript
    INTRODUÇÃO A produção bovina no Brasil é fundamentalmente em condições de pastoreio, isto é, à pasto. Dado que as pastagens e as forragens não suprem as exigências minerais dos bovinos, principalmente na seca, a suplementação mineral desses animais torna-se uma prática essencial e obrigatória para obtenção de êxito na produção de carne e leite. Negligenciar os requerimentos minerais dos bovinos pode levar ao aparecimento de alterações metabólicas diretamente relacionadas com o desempenho produtivo do rebanho, além de complicações mínimas ou expressivas (...)
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  9. Plato’s Metaphysical Development before Middle Period Dialogues.Mohammad Bagher Ghomi - manuscript
    Regarding the relation of Plato’s early and middle period dialogues, scholars have been divided to two opposing groups: unitarists and developmentalists. While developmentalists try to prove that there are some noticeable and even fundamental differences between Plato’s early and middle period dialogues, the unitarists assert that there is no essential difference in there. The main goal of this article is to suggest that some of Plato’s ontological as well as epistemological principles change, both radically and fundamentally, between the early and (...)
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  10. Características Gerais dos Bovinos / General Characteristics of Cattle Bovine.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - manuscript
    CARACTERÍSTICAS GERAIS DO GADO BOVINO GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE BOVINE CARACTERÍSTICAS GENERALES DEL GANADO BOVINO 1 TAXONOMIA DOS BOVINOS Consideramos, nesse primeiro tópico, a taxonomia (ordenação e classificação das espécies animais e vegetais, onde também pode-se encontrar a relação de familiaridade entre organismos distintos e/ou iguais, bem como sua evolução em diversos aspectos: físico, motor, locomoção, anatomia, etc.) dos bovinos. É levado em consideração os itens mais relevantes e mais estudados em Zootecnia, Biologia, Medicina Veterinária, etc. Observe o quadro a (...)
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  11. Gametogênese Animal: Espermatogênese e Ovogênese.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - manuscript
    GAMETOGÊNESE Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco Departamento de Zootecnia – UFRPE Embrapa Semiárido • _____OBJETIVO Os estudantes bem informados, estão a buscando conhecimento a todo momento. O estudante de Veterinária e Zootecnia, sabe que a Reprodução é uma área de primordial importância para sua carreira. Logo, o conhecimento da mesma torna-se indispensável. No primeiro trabalho da série fisiologia reprodutiva dos animais domésticos, foi abordado de forma clara, didática e objetiva os mecanismos de diferenciação sexual dos embriões (...)
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  12. A Note on Logical Paradoxes and Aristotelian Square of Opposition.Beppe Brivec - manuscript
    According to Aristotle if a universal proposition (for example: “All men are white”) is true, its contrary proposition (“All men are not white”) must be false; and, according to Aristotle, if a universal proposition (for example: “All men are white”) is true, its contradictory proposition (“Not all men are white”) must be false. I agree with what Aristotle wrote about universal propositions, but there are universal propositions which have no contrary proposition and have no contradictory proposition. The proposition X “All (...)
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  13. Concentrados e Rações Para Cabras em Lactação.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - 2022 - Informe Zootécnico 1:1-23.
    Concentrados e Rações Para Cabras em Lactação ___________________________________________________________________________ De um modo geral, há grande dificuldade nas criações zootécnicas nacionais para a formulação e uso racional de concentrados nas rações dos animais, neste caso, de caprinos, em especial, para cabras em lactação. O problema torna-se real e complexo em função das particularidades apresentadas pelos animais relativas ao seu trato digestivo, além de seus hábitos alimentares. Uma séria dificuldade relacionada com a tomada de decisão no momento da formulação da ração concentrada reside (...)
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  14. Preconception Sex Selection for Non‐Medical Reasons: A Representative Survey from the UK.Edgar Dahl - 2003 - Human Reproduction 18 (10):2231-2234.
    BACKGROUND: Preconception sex selection for non-medical reasons raises serious moral, legal and social issues. The main concern is based on the assumption that a freely available service for sex selection will distort the natural sex ratio and lead to a severe gender imbalance. However, for a severe gender imbalance to happen, at least two conditions have to be met. First, there must be a significant preference for children of a particular sex, and second, there must be a considerable demand for (...)
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  15. Preconception Gender Selection: A Threat to the Natural Sex Ratio?Edgar Dahl - 2005 - Reproductive Biomedicine Online 10 (1):116-118.
    This brief paper summarizes a series of postal investigations on the acceptance of selection for X or Y spermatozoa. These were conducted mainly in Germany but also in the UK, the Netherlands and the US. Selected families were approached with a series of questions about their wish to use sperm selection, and their choice of boys or girls. In general, large majorities opposed this approach for family balancing or sex selection on the basis of cost and inconvenience of the treatment. (...)
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  16. Definição de Conceitos Básicos na Reprodução Animal: Fertilidade, Fecundidade e Prolificidade - Suínos.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - manuscript
    1. INTRODUÇÃO No "mundo" das produções animais, e sem que saibamos exatamente o motivo ou os motivos, não é incomum observar, mesmo a nível docente (faceta em que nos sentimos especialmente culpados), uma notável discussão (obscuridade de ideias e/ou na linguagem, produzida deliberadamente ou não) ao abordar os conceitos de fertilidade, fecundidade e prolificidade. Esta falta de clareza conceitual torna-se tanto mais manifesta quando, precisamente a partir dos referidos conceitos, se pretende efetuar, por exemplo, uma programação ou uma análise técnico-econômica (...)
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  17. Fisiologia da Gestação na Reprodução Bovina.Emanuel Isaque Da Silva -
    FISIOLOGIA DA REPRODUÇÃO BOVINA 3 – GESTAÇÃO INTRODUÇÃO O estabelecimento da gestação é o objetivo fundamental dos programas reprodutivos. Após a fertilização, o zigoto se divide e dá origem a embriões de duas, quatro, oito, dezesseis células, e no sétimo dia o embrião tem mais de 80 células. Entre os dias 16 e 18 do ciclo estral, o embrião se alonga e atinge 15 cm de comprimento. O estabelecimento da gestação depende da supressão da secreção de PGF2α pelo embrião, que (...)
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  18. Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Diferenciação Sexual nos Animais Domésticos.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - manuscript
    DESENVOLVIMENTO EMBRIONÁRIO E DIFERENCIAÇÃO SEXUAL E. I. C. da Silva Departamento de Agropecuária – IFPE Campus Belo Jardim Departamento de Zootecnia – UFRPE sede 1.1 INTRODUÇÃO O sexo foi definido como a soma das diferenças morfológicas, fisiológicas e psicológicas que distinguem o macho da fêmea permitindo a reprodução sexual e assegurando a continuidade das espécies. Os processos de diferenciação sexual são realizados durante o desenvolvimento embrionário, onde ocorre a proliferação, diferenciação e maturação das células germinativas e primordiais, precursoras de ovócitos (...)
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  19. Puberdade e Estacionalidade Reprodutiva dos Animais.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - manuscript
    OBJETIVO O estudante de Zootecnia e de Veterinária, quando se depara com a produção animal, um dos pilares importantes é a reprodução, uma vez que é a perpetuação da espécie, seja para gerar filhas de uma vaca campeã em produção leiteira e de um touro com rusticidade e com aptidão produtiva de corte, ou mesmo para reposição de um plantel, o mesmo deve estar consciente de que esse ramo é de extrema responsabilidade, já que estará intimamente lidando com a vida (...)
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  20. Relação e Efeitos Bioquímico-nutricionais Sobre os Transtornos do Ciclo Estral em Vacas.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - manuscript
    RELAÇÃO E EFEITOS BIOQUÍMICO-NUTRICIONAIS SOBRE OS TRANSTORNOS DO CICLO ESTRAL DE VACAS Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva Departamento de Agropecuária – IFPE Campus Belo Jardim [email protected] ou [email protected] WhatsApp: (82)98143-8399 •__6. Transtornos do ciclo estral Qualquer alteração na frequência, duração ou intensidade do ciclo estral é considerada uma perturbação do ciclo, cujas origens variam etiologicamente. As perturbações do ciclo podem originar-se em qualquer das partes do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovário (FRAZER, 2005; GORDON, 1996). Pode ou não ser do tipo permanente e pode (...)
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  21. Quality of Parenting and Its Role In Reducing Violence Against Women in Arab Societies.Atef Hosni Elasouly - 2018 - International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR) 2 (5):1-6.
    Abstract: In the wide range of issues of violence against women in Arab and Western societies, Professor Brian Sykes wrote about how the future can be without men by looking at the male dominance of Y chromosome on female X chromosome and trying to trace the first forms of male dominance The World To the extent that some geneticists think theoretically that a female ovum is fertilized by an ovum from another female to produce a new human being is of (...)
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  22. EFEITO DA APLICAÇÃO DO GNRH NO INÍCIO DOS PROTOCOLOS DE IATF, À BASE DE ESTRÓGENO E PROGESTERONA, SOBRE A PRENHEZ POR IATF DE VACAS LEITEIRAS MESTIÇAS.Lorrany Evelyn Tavares - 2023 - Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - Ufu
    RESUMO A inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) é uma das biotecnologias de reprodução mais estudadas dos últimos anos, e a busca pelo equilíbrio entre a fisiologia animal e o controle hormonal fomenta uma série de estudos. Sendo assim, o objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da aplicação do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH) no dia zero (D0) do protocolo de IATF, a base de estrógeno e progesterona sobre a taxa de penhez por IATF. O experimento foi desenvolvido (...)
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  23. The Honor Code: How Moral Revolutions Happen, by Kwame Anthony Appiah. [REVIEW]Dan Demetriou - 2013 - Mind 122 (486):fzt064.
    Honor has been in disrepute among intellectuals for almost a century now. The standard explanation for honor’s demise is its role in driving young men and their countries to surpass the limits of acceptable human slaughter in the First World War, the trenches of which became ‘a mass grave for honor’ (Welsh 2008: x). Academic interest in honor revived in the 1950s among anthropologists and sociologists, where it was treated with a studied moral distance. Literary scholars, historians, and political scientists (...)
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  24. The Battle of the Endeavors: Dynamics of the Mind and Deliberation in New Essays on Human Understanding, book II, xx-xxi.Markku Roinila - 2016 - In Wenchao Li, “Für unser Glück oder das Glück anderer”. Vorträge des X. Internationalen Leibniz-Kongresses, Hannover, 18. – 23. Juli 2016. Hildesheim: G. Olms. pp. Band V, 73-87.
    In New Essays on Human Understanding, book II, chapter xxi Leibniz presents an interesting picture of the human mind as not only populated by perceptions, volitions and appetitions, but also by endeavours. The endeavours in question can be divided to entelechy and effort; Leibniz calls entelechy as primitive active forces and efforts as derivative forces. The entelechy, understood as primitive active force is to be equated with a substantial form, as Leibniz says: “When an entelechy – i.e. a primary or (...)
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  25. Symchronic Self-Control and the Nature of Willpower.Tom Mens - manuscript
    Synchronic Self-Control, Quasi Self-Control, and the Misclassification Problem The contemporary literature on self-control suffers from a systematic ambiguity that obscures the nature of synchronic agency. Philosophical and psychological accounts typically treat all effortful resistance to temptation as instances of the same phenomenon, thereby conflating what I call self-control with a structurally distinct category I refer to as quasi self-control. I argue that this conflation lies at the root of several persistent paradoxes and theoretical dead-ends, including the initiation problem, the apparent (...)
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  26. Some Conspiracy Theories.M. R. X. Dentith - 2023 - Social Epistemology 4:522-534.
    A remarkable feature of the philosophical work on conspiracy theory theory has been that most philosophers agree there is nothing inherently problematic about conspiracy theories (AKA the thesis of particularism). Recent work, however, has challenged this consensus view, arguing that there really is something epistemically wrong with conspiracy theorising (AKA generalism). Are particularism and generalism incompatible? By looking at just how much particularists and generalists might have to give away to make their theoretical viewpoints compatible, I will argue that particularists (...)
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  27. Interspecies Love Beyond the Field Guide: Mine-Detection Dogs and their Handlers on the Leningrad Front.X. A. Cherkaev & E. N. Tipikina - 2019 - Sociology of Power 31 (3):159-185.
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  28. Suspicious conspiracy theories.M. R. X. Dentith - 2022 - Synthese 200 (3):1-14.
    Conspiracy theories and conspiracy theorists have been accused of a great many sins, but are the conspiracy theories conspiracy theorists believe epistemically problematic? Well, according to some recent work, yes, they are. Yet a number of other philosophers like Brian L. Keeley, Charles Pigden, Kurtis Hagen, Lee Basham, and the like have argued ‘No!’ I will argue that there are features of certain conspiracy theories which license suspicion of such theories. I will also argue that these features only license a (...)
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  29. When Inferring to a Conspiracy might be the Best Explanation.Matthew R. X. Dentith - 2016 - Social Epistemology 30 (5-6):572-591.
    Conspiracy theories are typically thought to be examples of irrational beliefs, and thus unlikely to be warranted. However, recent work in Philosophy has challenged the claim that belief in conspiracy theories is irrational, showing that in a range of cases, belief in conspiracy theories is warranted. However, it is still often said that conspiracy theories are unlikely relative to non-conspiratorial explanations which account for the same phenomena. However, such arguments turn out to rest upon how we define what gets counted (...)
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  30. Reconciling Conceptual Confusions in the Le Monde Debate on Conspiracy Theories, J.C.M. Duetz and M R. X. Dentith.Julia Duetz & M. R. X. Dentith - 2022 - Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 10 (11):40-50.
    This reply to an ongoing debate between conspiracy theory researchers from different disciplines exposes the conceptual confusions that underlie some of the disagreements in conspiracy theory research. Reconciling these conceptual confusions is important because conspiracy theories are a multidisciplinary topic and a profound understanding of them requires integrative insights from different fields. Specifically, we distinguish research focussing on conspiracy *theories* (and theorizing) from research of conspiracy *belief* (and mindset, theorists) and explain how particularism with regards to conspiracy theories does not (...)
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  31. The Problem of Fake News.M. R. X. Dentith - 2016 - Public Reason 8 (1-2):65-79.
    Looking at the recent spate of claims about “fake news” which appear to be a new feature of political discourse, I argue that fake news presents an interesting problem in epistemology. Te phenomena of fake news trades upon tolerating a certain indiference towards truth, which is sometimes expressed insincerely by political actors. Tis indiference and insincerity, I argue, has been allowed to fourish due to the way in which we have set the terms of the “public” epistemology that maintains what (...)
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  32. Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology: Dao Follows Nature; Dao Gives Birth to All Things.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    This paper proposes the Lao–Yang Genesis Cosmology, a holistic cosmological framework that reinterprets Laozi’s foundational propositions—“Man follows Earth, Earth follows Heaven, Heaven follows the Dao, the Dao follows Nature” and “Dao gives birth to One; One gives birth to Two; Two gives birth to Three; Three gives birth to all things”—through the lens of modern astronomy, Earth science, and ecological philosophy. By integrating Daoist metaphysics with contemporary cosmology, the study constructs a nested generative chain: the Dao manifested as the Milky (...)
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  33. The Problem of Conspiracism.Matthew R. X. Dentith - 2018 - Argumenta 3 (2):327-343.
    Belief in conspiracy theories is typically considered irrational, and as a consequence of this, conspiracy theorists––those who dare believe some conspiracy theory––have been charged with a variety of epistemic or psychological failings. Yet recent philosophical work has challenged the view that belief in conspiracy theories should be considered as typically irrational. By performing an intra-group analysis of those people we call “conspiracy theorists”, we find that the problematic traits commonly ascribed to the general group of conspiracy theorists turn out to (...)
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  34.  94
    The Boundary–Freedom Law: Unifying the Existential Logic of Human Systems and Technical Systems.Veloir X. - manuscript
    Existence is established because its boundaries are precisely and intrinsically defined; evolution unfolds because its interior remains open. The Boundary–Freedom Law, without exception, encompasses both human systems and technical systems, revealing their essential homology and functional complementarity. When two existences share identical modes of boundary definition and freedom release, and the law is sufficient to cover all existential states of one party, these existences belong to the same ontological class. In such cases, the ontological chain “Essentialized Definition →Ontological Existence →Ontological (...)
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  35. Expertise and Conspiracy Theories.M. R. X. Dentith - 2018 - Social Epistemology 32 (3):196-208.
    Judging the warrant of conspiracy theories can be difficult, and often we rely upon what the experts tell us when it comes to assessing whether particular conspiracy theories ought to be believed. However, whereas there are recognised experts in the sciences, I argue that only are is no such associated expertise when it comes to the things we call `conspiracy theories,' but that the conspiracy theorist has good reason to be suspicious of the role of expert endorsements when it comes (...)
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  36. Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology: From Dao Produces All Things to Civilization Reconstruction.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    This paper centers on the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology, integrating Laozi philosophy with modern science to systematically explore cosmic generation, the origin of life, ecological governance, and the holistic laws of civilizational development. The book follows the cosmic evolution logic of “Dao produces One, One produces Two, Two produce Three, Three produce All Things,” constructing an integrated philosophical-scientific framework from the galaxy to the solar system, Earth, and Moon, extending to human civilization. Additionally, it analyzes Sun Shuao’s political practices and the (...)
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  37. Debunking conspiracy theories.M. R. X. Dentith - 2020 - Synthese 198 (10):9897-9911.
    In this paper I interrogate the notion of `debunking conspiracy theories’, arguing that the term `debunk’ carries with it pejorative implications, given that the verb `to debunk’ is commonly understood as `to show the wrongness of a thing or concept’. As such, the notion of `debunking conspiracy theories’ builds in the notion that such theories are not just wrong but ought to be shown as being wrong. I argue that we should avoid the term `debunk’ and focus on investigating conspiracy (...)
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  38. 老子与孔子对话:天道与人道、王道 Dialogue Between Laozi and Confucius: The Dao of Heaven, the Way of Man, and the Way of Kings.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    老子与孔子对话:天道与人道、王道 -/- Dialogue Between Laozi and Confucius: The Dao of Heaven, the Way of Man, and the Way of Kings -/- ☯ 第一节:天道何在? Section I: Where is the Way of Heaven? -/- ☯ 第二节:人道为何? Section II: What is the Way of Man? -/- ☯ 第三节:王道为何? Section III: What is the Way of Kings? -/- ☯ 第四节:德为何物? Section IV: What is Virtue? -/- ☯ 第五节:礼为何设? Section V: Why Are Rituals Instituted? -/- ☯ 第六节:道何以失? Section VI: How Is the Dao Lost? -/- (...)
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  39. Meaning, Presuppositions, Truth-relevance, Gödel's Sentence and the Liar Paradox.X. Y. Newberry - manuscript
    Section 1 reviews Strawson’s logic of presuppositions. Strawson’s justification is critiqued and a new justification proposed. Section 2 extends the logic of presuppositions to cases when the subject class is necessarily empty, such as (x)((Px & ~Px) → Qx) . The strong similarity of the resulting logic with Richard Diaz’s truth-relevant logic is pointed out. Section 3 further extends the logic of presuppositions to sentences with many variables, and a certain valuation is proposed. It is noted that, given this valuation, (...)
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  40. Secrecy and conspiracy.Matthew R. X. Dentith & Martin Orr - 2017 - Episteme 15 (4):433-450.
    In the literature on conspiracy theories, the least contentious part of the academic discourse would appear to be what we mean by a “conspiracy”: a secretive plot between two or more people toward some end. Yet what, exactly, is the connection between something being a conspiracy and it being secret? Is it possible to conspire without also engaging in secretive behavior? To dissect the role of secrecy in con- spiracies – and thus contribute to the larger debate on the epistemology (...)
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  41. The applied epistemology of conspiracy theories: An overview.M. R. X. Dentith & Brian L. Keeley - 2018 - In David Coady & James Chase, Routledge Handbook of Applied Epistemology. New York: Routledge. pp. 284-294.
    An overview of the current epistemic literature concerning conspiracy theories, as well as indications for future research avenues on the topic.
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  42.  69
    道必然是银河系: 基于《老-杨创世纪宇宙观》的科学哲学论证.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    本文基于《老-杨创世纪宇宙观》,系统论证“道=银河系”的科学哲学命题,旨在将古典道哲学中的生成逻辑与现代科学的天文学、热力学与系统科学统一起来。通过分析道的非人格性、非目的性和非物质性,本文提出银河系 作为科学实体实现了道的生成法则功能,为太阳系、地球及生命文明的生成提供必要约束。论文进一步结合热力学第二定律和熵增理论,说明宇宙整体无序增加的同时,局部低熵系统得以通过能量流、反馈机制和自组织保持稳定 ,实现生成—瓦解—再生成循环,对应老子所言“反者,道之动”。系统科学视角表明,银河系、太阳系、地球及生态文明形成分层耦合、非线性动力学和耗散结构的稳定体系,体现生成链的层级必然性。论文最终提出道、熵与 生成的统一科学哲学意义:道是生成法则,银河系是其科学实体,熵增提供动力机制,局部有序系统则实现生成链稳定,形成哲学与科学兼容的宇宙生成框架。同时,论文讨论了对人类文明发展、生态系统管理以及科学哲学教育 的启示,并提出未来在银河系生成机制、多尺度熵动力学模拟及系统科学哲学整合方向的研究前景,为探索道的科学化和文明可持续发展提供理论基础。 -/- 关键词:道哲学、银河系、熵增、生成链、系统科学、科学哲学 -/- Dao Must Be the Milky Way: A Scientific-Philosophical Study Based on the Lao–Yang Genesis Cosmology -/- Charles X. Yang -/- Based on the Lao–Yang Genesis Cosmology, this paper systematically demonstrates the scientific-philosophical proposition that Dao corresponds to the Milky Way. It aims to unify the classical Daoist generative logic with modern astronomy, thermodynamics, and systems science. By analyzing Dao’s non-personal, non-teleological, and non-material characteristics, the study identifies the Milky Way as the scientific entity realizing Dao’s generative (...)
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  43.  67
    老-杨创世纪宇宙观 — 自然文明的通用操作系统.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    摘要 (Abstract) 本文旨在论证人类文明的全球性危机本质上是底层“宇宙观”的兼容性故障。通过引入杨兴平博士(Dr. Charles X. Yang)提出的“老-杨创世纪宇宙观”,本文构建了一套文明升级的通用操作系统(Universal OS)。该系统以“宇宙生成序位(生)”为内核,以“层级效法协议(法)”为指令链,系统性地重构了人类的认知架构。论文阐述了从“宇宙观”到“世界观”、“价值观”最终映射至“人生观”的必然演化逻辑。研究表明 ,只有放弃“人类中心主义”的错误代码,转向以“道(银河)”为核心的硬件对齐,人类文明才能实现从高熵掠夺向低熵和谐的范式转移。这一过程不是温和的社会选择,而是基于热力学定律与系统生存要求的“强制更新”。 最终愿景是实现技术与银河智慧的和谐共生,开启自然文明的新纪元。 -/- .
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  44.  49
    The Universal OS of Natural Civilization.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    This paper argues that the escalating global crises of human civilization are essentially "compatibility failures" of the underlying cosmological framework. By introducing the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology proposed by Dr. Charles X. Yang, this study constructs a Universal Operating System (Universal OS) for civilizational advancement. This system utilizes the Cosmic Generation Sequence (Shēng) as its kernel and the Hierarchical Command Chain (Fǎ) as its instruction set to systematically reconstruct the human cognitive architecture. The paper delineates a causal evolution logic where Cosmology (...)
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  45.  40
    The Longest Lie of Civilization: Ptolemy, Centralized Illusion, and the Reconstruction of Natural Order.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    This work presents a comprehensive philosophical, scientific, and civilizational critique of Claudius Ptolemy and the enduring legacy of geocentrism. It argues that Ptolemy’s cosmological system was not merely an astronomical error, but a foundational distortion that reshaped human cognition, political organization, religious ideology, economic behavior, ecological relations, and academic ethics for nearly two millennia. -/- Drawing upon the theoretical framework of Dr. Charles X. Yang’s Lao–Yang Genesis Cosmology and the paradigm of Natural Civilization, this study demonstrates how the geocentric model (...)
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  46. Avoiding the Stereotyping of the Philosophy of Conspiracy Theories: A Reply to Hill.M. R. X. Dentith - 2022 - Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 11 (8):41-49.
    I’m to push back on Hill’s (2022) criticism in four ways. First: we need some context for the debate that occurred in the pages of the Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective that so concerns Hill. Second: getting precise with our terminology (and not working with stereotypes) is the only theoretically fruitful way to approach the problem of conspiracy theories. Third: I address Hill’s claim there is no evidence George W. Bush or Tony Blair accused their critics, during the build-up (...)
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  47.  32
    托勒密“最长久谎言” 的彻底清算与自然文明之路.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    本研究旨在对克劳狄乌斯·托勒密(Claudius Ptolemy)及其地心说遗产进行一场跨越天文学、政治学、社会学与文明伦理的终极审判。基于杨兴平(Dr. Charles X. Yang)博士的哲学框架,本文提出:托勒密不仅是科学史上的错误引导者,更是人类文明史上危害最巨的“智力罪犯”。他通过蓄意篡改观测数据、构建极端复杂的数学迷宫,成功地向人类灌输了长达一千五百年的“地心说 ”伪证。 -/- 这种“倒置的宇宙观”不仅使人类的智力演化停滞了十五个世纪,更在深层心理上植入了“绝对中心论”的毒素。它直接诱发了排他性的宗教战争,为集权暴政提供了“天意”层面的合法性蓝图,并催生了导致现代生态崩溃的“ 人类中心主义”傲慢。此外,托勒密确立的“名利驱动型”伪科学范式,至今仍在毒害学术诚信的基石。 -/- 本文通过剖析托勒密谎言的六大维度,揭露其作为人类生存危机总建筑师的本质。研究最后提出,唯有通过彻底的认知“去中心化”,拥抱杨兴平博士倡导的“老-杨创世宇宙观”与“自然文明”范式,人类才能从这场持续两千 年的集体梦游中苏醒,从掠夺式的“高熵文明”转向和谐、分布式的“低熵生存”,完成种群命运的终极救赎。 .
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  48. The Truth Convergence Problem in Bayesian Artificial Intelligence: A Conditional Epistemological Analysis.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    This paper systematically examines the epistemological pursuit of truth in Bayesian artificial intelligence (AI), arguing that truth convergence is a conditional outcome rather than an inherent property of the algorithm. Bayesian reasoning guarantees formal convergence mathematically, but its alignment with reality depends on prior openness, evidence authenticity, independence, information richness, feedback mechanisms, and institutional support. The study analyzes the limitations of Bayesian convergence theorems, the learnability in open Bayesianism, AI failure modes in modern information ecologies, and design principles and ethical (...)
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  49. Unified Scientific Daoism of Dao Fa Zi Ran: A Scientific-Philosophical Study Based on the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology 统一的道法自然科学道教: 基于老-杨创世纪宇宙观的科学哲思研究.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    中国道教历史上形成了正一道、全真道、上清派、灵宝派等多源门派。表面差异巨大,但其深层理论基础均源于老子“道法自然”的宇宙哲学。本文以老-杨创世纪宇宙观为核心框架,提出“统一道法自然科学道教”的概念,将 道教修行、文明功能与银河系—太阳系—地球—人类的宇宙层级链相结合。文章从七个章节系统分析道教历史困境、共同结构性问题及复位方案,提出科学化修行体系、层级链调适、社会文明功能重构,以及未来教育与实践路径 ,为道教从宗教体系向现代自然文明宇宙智慧体系转型提供理论依据。 -/- Historically, Chinese Daoism developed into multiple lineages, including Zhengyi, Quanzhen, Shangqing, and Lingbao schools. Despite superficial differences, their theoretical foundation derives from Laozi’s cosmological philosophy of Dao Fa Zi Ran. This study employs the Lao-Yang Genesis Cosmology as a framework to propose the concept of Unified Scientific Daoism, integrating Daoist cultivation, societal functions, and the cosmic hierarchy of galaxy—solar system—Earth—humanity. Through seven chapters, the paper analyzes historical challenges, structural issues, and repositioning strategies, proposing a scientific cultivation system, hierarchical (...)
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  50. 为什么老子的智慧 ‍难为学者们真正理解?.Charles X. Yang - manuscript
    老子的智慧长期以来被学术界广泛研究,却始终难以形成共识性理解。本文从科学哲思的视角,结合认知科学、复杂系统理论、科学哲学及文明演化理论,对老子思想进行跨学科分析。文章指出,老子之“难懂”并非源于文本本 身的晦涩,而在于理解者的认知结构、学术方法以及文明定位的局限。论文从“道”的非对象化本质、“为学与为道”的认知冲突、“上士闻道”的分层模型、简单智慧的忽视、技术文明对老子智慧的排斥,以及老子与现代科学 的潜在会通等方面进行分析,最终提出理解老子是一种文明智慧的命题,而非单纯学术能力的体现。本研究为老子思想的现代解读提供了科学哲学的框架,并为技术文明与自然文明的融合提供理论参考。 -/- The wisdom of Laozi has been extensively studied, yet a consensus on its understanding remains elusive. This paper adopts a scientific-philosophical perspective, integrating cognitive science, complexity theory, philosophy of science, and civilizational evolution to provide a cross-disciplinary analysis of Laozi’s thought. It argues that the difficulty in comprehending Laozi arises not from the text itself but from the limitations of the reader’s cognitive structures, scholarly methods, and civilizational positioning. The study examines the non-objectified nature of the Dao, the (...)
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