The abundance of technology nowadays is contributing to the development of learning practices. This gives learners greater opportunity to find, access, and use resources to benefit learning. Open educational resources (OER) are one of the few educational developments that emerged with technology. While it is true that there are a lot of OERs available on the internet, it is unsure how many learners are aware of their existence. This research aimed to identify how many students are aware of OERs, (...) where they use OERs, and whether the educational institution encourages OERs. The researchers surveyed several students within the University of the Philippines Open University. The survey included learner demographics, statistics on learners' awareness and usage of OERs, learners' OER access locations, and the challenges they encounter when using OERs. The survey showed that the learners, regardless of age, are aware of OERs. They mostly access videos, research, and journals on web pages and Wikis. They find the OERs accessible and relevant, but reliability and visibility are challenging. (shrink)

The medical use of computing and information and communication technologies (ICTs) has a history of several decades, but the emergence of the internet, and especially the web and social media, created a new situation. As a result, currently the term eHealth is widely used – and the usage of the internet (and mobile) “technologies” in healthcare (among the patients and professionals, too) tends to be usual practice. There are more and more signs of the institutionalization of this (...) new sub-disciplinary field of medicine, such as social organizations, healthcare institutes, scientific journals, regular conferences, etc. In this paper, collecting the most relevant developments we will try to characterize this state of affairs in the field. Moreover, as it is well-known, the use of the internet has an enormous impact on society, social systems and subsystems, and even on the everyday life of people. This extended practice also influences medicine and healthcare as social subsystems, and fundamentally transforms some of their characteristics. In this paper, we try to show several important dimensions of these changes. (shrink)

This study seeks to ascertain the role played by Internet in marketing the tourism sector in Nigeria, majorly highlighting Ikogosi Warm Spring in Ekiti state. Recognizing tourism's socio-economic benefits, the research explores whether digital marketing could enhance visibility and visitor numbers for under-promoted sites like Ikogosi. Key questions address internet usage, tourist behavior, and the challenges facing e-tourism in Nigeria. Survey data were collected from 100 participants (60 tourists and 40 stakeholders), with findings that 70% of all (...) respondents agreed digital marketing strongly influences tourist decision-making. However, 52% indicated that limited Internet access in rural areas like Ikogosi hampers effective online promotion. Additionally, 60% identified inadequate content about Ikogosi online as a barrier to attracting tourists, while 45% cited poor infrastructure as a major impediment to digital outreach. Regarding online engagement, 78% of respondents suggested that a dedicated website and social media channels for Ikogosi could increase tourist interest, with 65% agreeing that social media campaigns are currently the most effective tool for tourism promotion. On content type, 72% expressed a preference for visuals (photos and videos) showcasing the site’s attractions and cultural elements, believing that such content would have the greatest impact on attracting tourists. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the Internet’s potential to transform tourism in Nigeria by enhancing site visibility and tourist attraction if infrastructural and content-related issues are addressed. These insights are particularly relevant for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to boost digital engagement and increase visitation to Ikogosi and similar destinations. (shrink)

La actividad de extensión que se presenta está vinculada al Teatros Solís, principal referente de la cultura montevideana. Trata sobre el estudio de la conducta del usuario al momento de la visita al sitio web del Teatro. El análisis se efectúa por medio de Web Usage Mining que consiste en la aplicación de técnicas de Data Mining para la identificación de patrones de uso de dicho sitio web. Se utiliza software de uso público y se diseña e implementa en (...) R el paquete RWeb Sessionizer para contar con un sesionador, siguiendo la metodología propuesta inicialmente por R. Cooley, y que ha tenido varios refinamientos posteriores. (shrink)

Older adults’ growing use of the internet and related technologies, further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has prompted not only a critical examination of their behaviors and attitudes about online threats but also a greater understanding of the roles of specific characteristics within this population group. Based on survey data and using descriptive and inferential statistics, this empirical study delves into this matter. The behaviors and attitudes of a group of older adults aged 60 years and older (n=275) regarding (...) different dimensions of online safety and cybersecurity are investigated. The results show that older adults report a discernible degree of concern about the security of their personal information. Despite the varied precautions taken, most of them do not know where to report online threats. What is more, regarding key demographics, the study found some significant differences in terms of gender and age group, but not disability status. This implies that older adults do not seem to constitute a homogeneous group when it comes to attitudes and behaviors regarding safety and security online. The study concludes that support systems should include older adults in the development of protective measures and acknowledge their diversity. The implications of the results are discussed and some directions for future research are proposed. (shrink)

The online recruitment has been a motivating method for many Organizations around the globe for employees’ recruitment. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the online recruitment and selection system in the public and private sectors in Tanzania, by analyzing the general ICT situation, the current online recruitment methods, the challenges on effective operation on online recruitment, the steps taken by government to ensure the favorable environment on ICT sector and the recommendations for future research. According (...) to different surveys as we will discuss later, Tanzania lacks adequate data on online recruitment. For this case, I will use the data about recruitment in general from the study done by Egbert et al, (2009), the available data on corporate websites and other researches related to the internet usage in Tanzania. The results depict that online recruitment is used by different companies in Tanzania though in low rate compared to other sources of recruitment. (shrink)

Modular learning was used to assist elementary learners in continuing their education during the pandemic. This modular learning posed academic challenges. This phenomenological study delved into the academic challenges of modular learning of public-school elementary school learners. Validated In-depth interview protocol (IDI) was used to collect the data from ten (10) Grade six learners. Findings revealed that these academic challenges include unfavorable learning environments, reading comprehension issues, lack of motivation, and poor quality of printed learning modules that affect the learners (...) ability to comprehend and finish the module effectively. Consequently, modular learning allows learners to take responsibility for their learning by utilizing the available answers key, optimizing internet usage, scheduling time properly, and guessing answers. Considerably, the learners used face-to-face conversations, personal messages, and phone calls to communicate their educational queries. Moreover, the structure of self-learning modules facilitates independent study and complicates learners understanding. It is recommended that there is a need to enhance policies for improving module quality, allocate sufficient funds to improve the printed module quality, conduct relevant teacher training and workshops for developing quality printed modules, and sustain the home visitation program to monitor students modular learning progress. (shrink)

A web based survey is an effective tool which is used frequently in academic and non academic researches. Increase in internet usage and easy access to web technology facilitate the growing popularity of web surveys but absence of exhaustive literature on web surveys presents a significant challenge. This paper presents basic guidelines for developing a robust web survey. Aspects related to data quality, coverage bias, questionnaire design, non response bias, response bias, processing error, data duplication and pilot testing (...) are discussed in detail. The paper closes with suggestions on key areas in which advance research is required to enhance the data quality of web questionnaires. (shrink)

Internet users fill in interactive forms with multiple fields, check/uncheck checkboxes, select options and agree to submit. People give their consents without keeping track of them. Dominance of the machine producing human consent is ubiquitous. Humanless bureaucratic procedures become embedded into routine usage of digital products and services automating human behavior. This bureaucracy does not make individuals wait in conveyor-like lines (which sometimes can cause a collective action), it patiently waits or suddenly pops up in an annoying message (...) requiring immediate action and consuming time. It follows pre-installed procedures so cannot be distracted or appealed to. It lacks what Sofia Ranchordás calls ‘administrative empathy’. Users can hardly reach through bureaucratic procedures and communicate with another human. An individual involved in these sequences of actions contributes to increasing the quantity of bureaucratic procedures. The algorithmic bureaucracy power resides in the limited ability of human beings to make conscious and informed decisions when dealing with high complexity levels. This ubiquity makes it virtually impossible for individuals to track and verify statuses and control binding power of all legal actions on the platform. The authors apply critical analysis to explore social implications, threats and possible alternatives for corporate and governmental algorithmic bureaucracy in the emerging digital society. (shrink)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly revolutionizing industries and everyday life through the integration of smart devices, sensors, and networks. The ability to connect and communicate between these devices is vital for the effective functioning of IoT systems. As IoT devices vary widely in terms of their power, connectivity, and computational capabilities, communication protocols play a crucial role in ensuring seamless, efficient, and reliable communication. Among the most widely used protocols in IoT are MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) (...) and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol), designed to address the specific requirements of IoT, including low power consumption, minimal bandwidth usage, and scalability. This paper surveys the key communication protocols used in IoT, with a specific focus on MQTT and CoAP. It discusses their architecture, characteristics, advantages, and limitations. Furthermore, the paper explores other emerging protocols that complement or extend the capabilities of MQTT and CoAP, such as HTTP/2, LwM2M, and AMQP, providing a broad perspective on the evolving IoT communication landscape. The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of these protocols for different IoT applications, ranging from home automation and healthcare to industrial IoT (IIoT). We also highlight the security challenges associated with these protocols and suggest potential solutions. Lastly, we discuss future trends and the need for interoperability between different IoT communication protocols as IoT continues to scale and evolve. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of these communication protocols, this paper aims to provide IoT developers, researchers, and industry professionals with valuable insights into selecting the most appropriate communication framework for their IoT systems. (shrink)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way we interact with the world by enabling devices to collect, process, and exchange data in real time. However, IoT networks often face challenges related to latency and scalability when large amounts of data are processed centrally in cloud-based infrastructures. Edge computing, which brings computation and data storage closer to the source of data generation, is emerging as a solution to address these challenges. By performing computation at the edge of the (...) network (e.g., on local IoT devices, gateways, or nearby servers), edge computing reduces latency, optimizes bandwidth usage, and enables faster decision-making. Edge computing in IoT networks enhances scalability by offloading data processing from centralized cloud servers, making it feasible to handle large volumes of data from numerous IoT devices simultaneously. It also addresses latency concerns by allowing data to be processed locally, thereby reducing the time required for communication between devices and the cloud. This is particularly beneficial in real-time applications like autonomous vehicles, smart cities, healthcare, and industrial automation. Despite its potential, implementing edge computing in IoT networks introduces several challenges, including resource limitations on edge devices, data security and privacy concerns, and the complexity of managing distributed systems. This paper explores the role of edge computing in improving the performance of IoT networks, analyzing its advantages and challenges, and presenting case studies from various domains. Moreover, it discusses various architectures, technologies, and strategies for effective edge computing deployment in IoT ecosystems. (shrink)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative technology in the field of smart agriculture, offering the potential to enhance productivity, sustainability, and efficiency. However, the widespread adoption of IoT in agriculture faces significant challenges, particularly in terms of energy consumption. IoT devices in agricultural environments, such as sensors, actuators, and communication modules, are often deployed in remote and large-scale areas, making energy efficiency a key concern. The energy consumption of these devices directly impacts the operational cost, (...) scalability, and sustainability of IoT-based agricultural systems. This paper explores energy-efficient IoT architectures designed for smart agriculture applications. The focus is on IoT solutions that optimize energy usage while maintaining the performance of critical tasks like monitoring soil moisture, weather conditions, crop health, and irrigation. Various strategies for energy-efficient designs, including low-power communication protocols, energy harvesting techniques, and energy-aware routing algorithms, are discussed. Additionally, the paper evaluates state-of-the art architectures that incorporate energy-efficient components, such as low-power microcontrollers, battery management systems, and wireless sensor networks (WSNs).Furthermore, the paper provides an overview of existing smart agriculture applications, highlighting successful case studies where energy-efficient IoT systems have been implemented to enhance resource management in farming. The role of energy-efficient architectures in addressing challenges like scalability, maintenance, and long-term sustainability is also emphasized. Finally, the paper concludes with future directions for research in energy-efficient IoT systems for smart agriculture, including the integration of renewable energy sources and advancements in low-power machine learning algorithms for agricultural data analysis. (shrink)

Street lighting plays a vital role in ensuring urban safety, visibility, and community well-being. However, traditional systems operate on fixed schedules, resulting in unnecessary energy usage, increased maintenance costs, and a lack of adaptability to environmental changes. To address these challenges, this project proposes a smart street lighting infrastructure powered by Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud solutions. The system utilizes microcontrollers (Atmega 328/2560), Wi-Fi modules (ESP8266/ESP32), and various sensors such as motion detectors, light sensors, and fault detectors. (...) These components work together to enable dynamic lighting control based on real-time conditions like movement and ambient light levels. When no motion is detected, lights dim automatically to conserve energy and brighten only when needed. Through cloud integration, the system supports centralized monitoring and remote control, allowing authorities to receive live data, schedule operations, detect faults, and manage power usage efficiently. This reduces the need for manual intervention and enhances the reliability of the lighting network. The proposed solution aligns with smart city initiatives by offering a sustainable, cost-effective, and scalable infrastructure. It significantly reduces energy consumption, improves fault response time, and contributes to environmental conservation. This innovation not only modernizes public infrastructure but also improves the quality of life for urban residents. (shrink)

Our current understanding of ‘fake news’ is not in good shape. On the one hand, this category seems to be urgently needed for an adequate understanding of the epistemology in the age of the internet. On the other hand, the term has an unstable ordinary meaning and the prevalent accounts which all relate fake news to epistemically bad attitudes of the producer lack theoretical unity, sufficient extensional adequacy, and epistemic fruitfulness. I will therefore suggest an alternative account of fake (...) news that is meant as an explication rather than a traditional conceptual analysis of the term and that understands fake news solely from the consumer’s perspective. I will argue that this new account has the required theoretical unity, that it is epistemically highly fruitful, and that it is still very close to the ordinary usage. I conclude with addressing some of the main objections to this view. (shrink)

The article proposes to model the phenomenon of the cell phone as a wall-window. This model aims at explicating some of the perceptions and experiences associated with cellular technology. The wall-window model means that the cell phone simultaneously separates the user from the physical surroundings (the wall), and connects the user to a remote space (the window). The remote space may be where the interlocutor resides or where information is stored (e.g. the Internet). Most cell phone usage patterns (...) are modeled as a single dimension according to the level of distraction or attention of the user. In order to accommodate nuanced situations such as augmented reality, I suggest a two-dimensional layout: the wall-window. The wall represents the attention to the immediate physical environment, while the window represents the attention to a remote space. The wall-window model further evolves once a screen is woven into this layout. This addition is easily understood due to the screen’s etymology, which is associated with the concepts of shield or barrier. From a technical perspective, the screen has become an integral part of the cell phone. Furthermore, a screen itself is both a wall and a window. Lastly, once a cell phone is supplemented with a screen, it is easier to refer to it as media. And again, media fits into the wall-window model. (shrink)

This study was intended to determine the influence of TXT slang on the English writing skills of Grade 10 students. Specifically, it assessed students’ frequency of TXT slang usage in online communication and evaluated their proficiency in vocabulary and grammar, guided by the Language Transfer Theory. The study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design. A total of 108 Grade 10 students participated through total population sampling. Data were collected using a validated survey instrument consisting of a frequency checklist for TXT (...) slang usage and a multiple-choice English writing proficiency test focusing on vocabulary and grammar. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze slang usage and writing proficiency levels, while Spearman’s rank-order correlation was used to determine the relationship between TXT slang usage and English writing skills. The major findings of the study revealed that students often used TXT slang, including group acronyms, Filipino slang, and internet expressions, in their online communication. However, there was no significant correlation between the frequency of TXT slang usage and students’ English writing skills in vocabulary and grammar. Most students were categorized under the “Emerging” and “Developing” levels of writing proficiency, indicating a need for further support in formal writing skills development. It can be concluded that while TXT slang is pervasive among Grade 10 students’ digital communication practices, its frequent use does not significantly affect their formal English writing skills in vocabulary and grammar. This suggests that students are generally capable of distinguishing between casual online language and academic writing norms. Nevertheless, explicit instruction in grammar and vocabulary remains essential to reinforce formal writing skills among junior high school students. (shrink)

Ambient assisted living technologies are increasingly presented and sold as essential smart additions to daily life and home environments that will radically transform the healthcare and wellness markets of the future. An ethical approach and a thorough understanding of all ethics in surveillance/monitoring architectures are therefore pressing. AAL poses many ethical challenges raising questions that will affect immediate acceptance and long-term usage. Furthermore, ethical issues emerge from social inequalities and their potential exacerbation by AAL, accentuating the existing access gap (...) between high-income countries and low and middle-income countries. Legal aspects mainly refer to the adherence to existing legal frameworks and cover issues related to product safety, data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, and access to data by public, private, and government bodies. Successful privacy-friendly AAL applications are needed, as the pressure to bring Internet of Things devices and ones equipped with artificial intelligence quickly to market cannot overlook the fact that the environments in which AAL will operate are mostly private. The social issues focus on the impact of AAL technologies before and after their adoption. Future AAL technologies need to consider all aspects of equality such as gender, race, age and social disadvantages and avoid increasing loneliness and isolation among, e.g. older and frail people. Finally, the current power asymmetries between the target and general populations should not be underestimated nor should the discrepant needs and motivations of the target group and those developing and deploying AAL systems. Whilst AAL technologies provide promising solutions for the health and social care challenges, they are not exempt from ethical, legal and social issues. A set of ELSI guidelines is needed to integrate these factors at the research and development stage. (shrink)

Mental images, or envisioning things with your "mind's eye," are now studied via multiple levels of observation and involve computational neuroscience, robotics and many disciplines that complement philosophy and form integral parts of cognitive science. MENTAL IMAGERY AND CREATIVITY offers an historical analysis of the use of "mental images" in science. This book also gives many useful illustrations, depicting roles of imagery with 21st century technology, including the usage of imagery, fMRIs and internet connections, allowing people to control (...) virtual avatars or robots at remote distances. Imagery formations and brain imaging techniques allow non-communicative patients, who appear to be in vegetative states, to communicate effectively, despite brain damage. Notwithstanding many 21st century developments of imagery combined with technology and science, many speculative accounts of imagery arose in the 20th century. Philosophic developments, regarding the relation between mental imagery and creativity, are provided in order to compare and contrast speculative and rational foundations. Creativity is defined in relation to problem-solving, inventiveness, art, discovery and cognitive formations of ranges of possibilities, arising before and after realizations (i.e., when one recognizes real and unreal events or solutions), involving images of events, solutions and alternatives. (shrink)

This edited volume is designed to explore different perspectives of culture, identity and social development using the impact of the digital age as a common thread, aiming at interdisciplinary audiences. Cases of communities and individuals using new technology as a tool to preserve and explore their cultural heritage alongside new media as a source for social orientation ranging from language acquisition to health-related issues will be covered. Therefore, aspects such as Art and Cultural Studies, Media and Communication, Behavioral Science, Psychology, (...) Philosophy and innovative approaches used by creative individuals are included. From the Aboriginal tribes of Australia, to the Maoris of New Zealand, to the mystical teachings of Sufi brotherhoods, the significance of the oral and written traditions and their current relation to online activities shall be discussed in the opening article. The book continues with a closer look at obesity awareness support groups and their impact on social media, Facebook usage in language learning context, smartphone addiction and internet dependency, as well as online media reporting of controversial ethical issues. The Digital progress has already left its dominating mark as the world entered the 21st century. Without a doubt, as technology continues its ascent, society will be faced with new and altering values in an effort to catch-up with this extraordinary Digitization, adapt satisfactorily in order to utilize these strong developments in everyday life. (shrink)

This paper examined the relationship between tertiary students’ social media management attitudes and their academic performance in Cross River State, with a specific focus on Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram. To achieve this purpose, three null hypotheses were formulated accordingly. The study adopted a correlational research design. Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 1000 students from the entire population. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire titled: Tertiary Students’ Social Media Management and (...) Academic Performance Questionnaire (TESSMMAPQ). The reliability of the instrument was established through Cronbach alpha and estimate of.93 was obtained indicating that the instrument was internally consistent in measuring what it purports to measure. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis used to analyze data and to test the hypotheses at.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between tertiary students Facebook management attitudes (r. cal.0.032 < crit. r.0.062), WhatsApp management attitudes (r. cal.0.038 < crit. r.0.062), and Instagram management attitudes (r. cal.-0.009 < crit. r.0.062) respectively, with their academic performance. Based on these findings it was recommended among others that; tertiary students' social media usage should be regulated by smartphones producers and internet service providers; in such a way that a maximum monthly login interval (MMLI) is provided that will restrict users to a limited number of login chances. This will ensure that students maintain focus when they have been barred. (shrink)

The increasing demand for sustainable agriculture and efficient water usage has driven the innovation of smart irrigation systems. This paper presents a Smart Irrigation System powered by Internet of Things (IoT) technology, aimed at automating the irrigation process using real-time soil moisture and weather data. The system leverages a combination of sensors, microcontrollers, cloud services, and mobile applications to monitor and control irrigation activities remotely. It ensures efficient water management, reduces manual intervention, and improves crop yield. The proposed (...) system demonstrates the potential of IoT in transforming traditional farming into a data-driven, eco-friendly process. (shrink)

Title: A Model for a Moneyless Digital Economy Using Contribution-Based Digital Credits -/- Abstract: This paper proposes a conceptual framework for a moneyless digital economy system (MDES) that uses non-tradable contribution credits instead of traditional currency. Rooted in the principles of equitable access, contribution-driven participation, and sustainability, this model outlines the structure and functioning of a community-oriented, AI-assisted economy. The system ensures basic needs are universally guaranteed, while elective resources are accessed through earned credits based on meaningful contribution. The model (...) is illustrated through a community simulation and supported by technological and social mechanisms. -/- 1. Introduction The current global economic system, largely driven by capital accumulation and monetary transactions, often fails to equitably distribute resources or prioritize collective well-being. In contrast, a moneyless digital economy offers an alternative paradigm that emphasizes shared access, contribution, and sustainability. This paper presents a formal model for implementing such a system using digital technologies and community governance mechanisms. -/- 2. Core Principles -/- Access-Based Economy: Resources are accessed based on need and contribution, not purchased. -/- Contribution-Driven Credit System: Digital credits are awarded for contributions to the community but are not used for wealth accumulation. -/- Equal Human Value: All individuals are treated equally, and credits do not confer social or economic status. -/- AI-Assisted Fairness: Artificial intelligence supports equitable resource distribution and conflict resolution. -/- 3. System Components -/- 3.1 Digital Identity Each participant is issued a secure digital identity. This identity is used to track contributions, resource usage, and preferences, while ensuring privacy and security. 3.2 3.3 Contribution Credit System (CCS) Contribution credits (CCs) are non-transferable digital units earned through volunteer work, service, education, innovation, and caregiving. These credits are temporary and expire to prevent hoarding. 3.4 3.3 Access Management System Resources are categorized as guaranteed or elective. Guaranteed resources (e.g., food, housing, healthcare) are freely accessible. Elective resources require a small number of CCs and are managed by a fair allocation algorithm. -/- 3.5 AI & Community Governance An AI system manages logistics, optimizes task distribution, and ensures resource availability. Community governance bodies provide oversight and facilitate democratic decision-making. 3.6 3.5 Basic Needs Guarantee Universal access to food, shelter, healthcare, education, and digital tools is ensured without requiring credits. -/- 4. Simulation: Harmony Village A prototype implementation of MDES is simulated in a fictional community, Harmony Village, with 1,000 residents. -/- Roles & Contributions: Participants fulfill roles in health, education, infrastructure, technology, agriculture, and arts, earning between 2 and 4 CCs daily based on effort and community impact. -/- Resource Access: Basic needs are universally accessible. Elective resources (e.g., virtual reality labs, travel, private workspace) require CCs. AI systems ensure fair scheduling and availability. -/- Daily Operations: AI assigns tasks based on skills and interests. Contribution logs are updated in real-time. Community forums allow feedback and policy updates. -/- Weekly Flow Example: A typical resident, Layla, earns CCs through arts education and gardening. She uses credits to access creative tools and participate in cultural activities. Her contributions and access are balanced, transparent, and reviewed weekly by the system. -/- 5. Implementation Requirements -/- Reliable digital infrastructure (internet, secure identity verification) -/- Renewable energy and sustainable local production -/- Transparent and auditable AI governance -/- Holistic education promoting responsibility, empathy, and critical thinking -/- Community-led adaptation and governance mechanisms -/- 6. Conclusion The MDES model offers a viable framework for transitioning to a post-monetary economy focused on equity, sustainability, and human dignity. With the integration of digital identity, contribution tracking, and AI-assisted management, societies can reimagine access and participation beyond conventional monetary constraints. -/- Future research may include real-world pilot programs, development of decentralized digital infrastructure, and sociological studies of community adaptation to non-monetary systems. -/- . (shrink)

In this assignment we proposed to enhance routing overall performance in hybrid wi-fi networks. We the usage of ad-hoc relay stations to dynamically relay site visitors from one telephone to every other in order to keep away from architectures in literature, and in contrast and mentioned techniques to decrease the price of deployment for MCNs. The work investigates how to allocate the bandwidth to customers to enhance the overall performance of hybrid Wi-Fi networks. We in addition regarded the Wi-Fi (...) interference in optimizing the useful resource allocation in hybrid Wi-Fi networks. The work proposes a coalitional sport idea primarily based cooperative packet shipping scheme in hybrid Wi-Fi networks. There are additionally learn about radio frequency allocation for course transmission and relay transmission in hybrid Wi-Fi networks. These works are orthogonal to our learn about in this paper and can be integrated into DTRP to similarly beautify its performance. The throughput ability of the hybrid Wi-Fi community beneath distinct settings has also been an lively lookup theme in the hybrid wifi network. Since Base stations are linked with a wired backbone, we anticipate that there are no bandwidth and energy constraints on transmissions between Base stations. We use intermediate nodes to denote relay nodes that characteristic as gateways connecting an infrastructure wi-fi community and a cellular ad-hoc network Our DTRP algorithm avoids the shortcomings of adhoc transmission in the preceding routing algorithms that without delay mix an ad-hoc transmission mode and a cell transmission mode. Rather than the usage of the multichip ad-hoc transmission, DTR makes use of two hop forwarding by means of relying on node motion and good sized base stations. All different components stay the identical as these in the preceding routing algorithms (including the interplay with the TCP layer). DTRP works on the Internet layer. It receives packets from the TCP layer and routes it to the vacation spot node, the place DTRP forwards the packet to the TCP layer. The statistics routing technique in DTRP can be divided into two steps: uplink from a supply node to the first BS and downlink from the ultimate BS to the data’s destination. (shrink)

Data security is, protecting data from ill- conceived get to, utilize, introduction, intrusion, change, examination, recording or destruction. Cloud computing is a sort of Internet-based computing that grants conjoint PC handling resources and information to PCs what's more, different gadgets according to necessity. It is a model that empowers universal, on-request access to a mutual pool of configurable computing resources. At present, security has been viewed as one of the best issues in the improvement of Cloud Computing. The key (...) issue in effective execution of Cloud Computing is to adequately deal with the security in the cloud applications. This paper talks about the part of cryptography in cloud computing to improve the data security. The expectation here is to get bits of knowledge another security approach with the usage of cryptography to secure information at cloud data centers. (shrink)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis is a critical task in healthcare for diagnosing cardiovascular conditions such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, and other heart-related diseases. With the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) networks, real-time ECG monitoring has become possible through wearable devices and sensors, providing continuous patient health monitoring. However, real-time ECG signal analysis in IoT environments poses several challenges, including data latency, limited computational power of IoT devices, and energy constraints. This paper proposes a framework for Optimized Machine Learning (...) Algorithms designed to analyze ECG signals in real time within IoT networks. The proposed system leverages lightweight machine learning models, including support vector machines (SVM) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), optimized to run efficiently on low-power IoT devices while maintaining high accuracy. The system addresses the computational limitations of IoT devices by employing edge computing techniques that distribute the processing load between IoT devices and edge servers. Additionally, data compression and feature extraction techniques are applied to reduce the size of the data transmitted over the network, thereby minimizing latency and bandwidth usage. This paper reviews the current advancements in real-time ECG analysis, explores the challenges posed by IoT environments, and presents the optimized machine learning algorithms that enhance real-time monitoring of heart health. The system is evaluated for its performance in terms of accuracy, energy efficiency, and data transmission speed, showing promising results in improving real-time ECG signal analysis in resource-constrained IoT networks. (shrink)

In india each and every minute one person become internet users. its convergence with digitally supported platforms and gadgets, safeguarding the parents as well as students from the cybercrimes is becoming a challenging task. In addition to, the pinching reality is that the internet users are not getting updated on the vulnerable cyber threats and security issues, at the pace they are getting updated with the usage of internet enabled tools and apps. Thus the current research (...) paper focuses in finding out the answers to alarming questions - "Is the netizen really aware that he she is vulnerable to various cyber crimes " "If netizen is aware, to what extent ", "If not aware of cybercrimes, what measures can be adopted to make the nitzens more aware and updated. The paper suggested a conceptual model explaining how to uphold and implement the awareness programmes among internet users regarding cybercrimes. Jigar Shah "A Study of Awareness About Cyber Laws for Indian Youth" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-1 , December 2016,. (shrink)

With the capability of using virtualized resources as a service, over the Internet, and having dynamic scalability, cloud computing has started to gain momentum across many types of enterprises. It is probably going to have a big effect on the future of schooling. Cloud computing, hence, offers a great opportunity for learning institutions, especially the less privileged ones, to efficiently manage their information system without having to spend additional money purchasing more computers and networking equipment. The universities make use (...) of the cloud-based software provided by the service providers to help the completion of commercial duties as well as academic duties by their users and students respectively. The essay below will discuss some of the benefits that will accrue from cloud computing infrastructure in the educational sector, and more specifically in colleges where the usage of computers is greater. (shrink)

This book is an edited collection of original research papers on the digital revolution of the public and governance. It covers cyber governance in Finland, and the securitization of cyber security in Finland. It investigates the cases of Brexit, the 2016 US presidential election of Donald Trump, the 2017 presidential election of Volodymyr Zelensky, and Brexit. It examines the environmental concerns of climate change and greenwashing, and the impact of digital communication giving rise to the #MeToo and Incel movements. It (...) considers how digitilization can serve to emancipate women through ride-sharing, and how it leads to the question of robot rights. It considers fake news and algorithmic governance with respect to case studies of the Chinese social credit system, the US FICO credit score, along with Facebook, Twitter, Cambridge Analytica and the European effort to regulate and protect data usage. (shrink)

The use of AI in digital mental healthcare promises to make treatments more effective, accessible, and scalable than ever before. At the same time, the use of AI opens a myriad of ethical concerns, including the lack of transparency, the risk of bias leading to increasing social inequalities, and the risk of responsibility gaps. This raises a crucial question: Can we rely on these systems to deliver care that is both ethical and effective? In attempts to regulate and ensure the (...) safe usage of AI-powered tools, calls to trustworthy AI systems have become central. However, the use of terms such as “trust” and “trustworthiness” risks increasing anthropomorphization of AI systems, attaching human moral activities, such as trust, to artificial systems. In this article, we propose that terms such as “trustworthiness” be used with caution regarding AI and that when used, they should reflect an AI system's ability to consistently demonstrate measurable adherence to ethical principles, such as respect for human autonomy, nonmaleficence, fairness, and transparency. On this approach, trustworthy and ethical AI has the possibility of becoming a tangible goal rather than wishful thinking. (shrink)

The question of how common usage could be constitutive for the meaning of linguistic expressions has been discussed by Renaissance philosophers such as Lorenzo Valla, and it also played an important role in Renaissance theories of juridical interpretation. An aspect of the analysis of common usage in Renaissance theories of juridical interpretation that concerns the role of presumption has not yet found much attention. Renaissance jurists such as Simone de Praetis, Nicolaus Everardus, and Aimone de Cravetta saw that (...) both the usage of Latin by practitioners of law and the vernacular common usage of ordinary people often differed from the technical definition of legal concepts as laid down by ancient jurists or modern legislators. In some cases, they ascribed both to Latin and to vernacular common usage the power of changing the meaning of juridical terms. Still, they were aware of the fact that matters of common usage involve always a degree of uncertainty. The methodological notion of presumption is one of the concepts that figured most prominently in Renaissance approaches to the problem of uncertainty, and, in particular, it was applied in the analysis of meaning-change of legal concepts through common usage. (shrink)

The term prohairesis has a long history; its usage is crucial for the development and understanding of basic ethical and anthropological assumptions in ancient Hellenic philosophy. In this article the author analyses the most important moments for the semantic transformation of this term, with particular reference to the implications of its usage in Byzantine theological and philosophical heritage, with the ultimate expression in work of St Maximus the Confessor and his christological synthesis. The equation between the terms prohairesis (...) and gnome and their separation from the authentic human nature, as well as the usage of the term thelesis for the original „human will“, represents the thorough revision of the antique philosophical heritage which could be compared with the distinction of the terms ousia and hypostasis by Cappadocian Fathers. In this article the author will show the extent to which and the way in which Byzantine theological and philosophical thought adopted and transformed its own Hellenic heritage. (shrink)

A preponderance of empirical research in higher education exists on the use of electronic resources to promote university education and learning. This suggests that this area of research has attracted significant interest worldwide. However, there seems to be inadequate information on the association between specific electronic infrastructures, how they are utilized for learning, and their effects on students’ learning effectiveness in higher institutions in Nigeria. This research draws on previous studies and seeks to establish how different electronic resources are used (...) in universities and how they impact students’ learning effectiveness. Using a descriptive survey design, this survey examined 1,452 participants (undergraduates and postgraduates) from Nigerian universities. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while a Polytomous Logistic Regression Model was used in testing the hypothesis formulated. Findings showed that the degree of the use of digital infrastructures in universities is low. The extent of learning effectiveness among students in universities is also low. The usage of e-infrastructures (such as e-learning, e-communication, and e-library tools) significantly predicted students’ levels of learning effectiveness. Based on these results, conclusions and relevant theoretical and practical implications are discussed for policy reforms in education and e-learning. This study faces a limitation arising from the small number of universities studied. However, it is suggested that future related studies extend their focus beyond the context of Nigeria. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to examine the considerations on stochastic arts in Antiquity and to show how Galen’s analysis concerning the “art of conjecturing” constitutes a preferable alternative to the traditional ways used by philosophers to explain the inherent fallibility in the medical art. By distinguishing the scientific diagnosis from the conjectural one, Galen encompasses all cases relevant to the medical art. The former, because of its general nature, can be theorized. As for the latter, it concerns only (...) the individual and is therefore not likely to enter the theory, except by the method that makes it possible. This paper attempts to outline the modus operandi underlying the technical conjecture in order to illustrate Galen’s deftly developed position on a subject almost exclusively investigated by philosophers until then. (shrink)

The Internet has been identified in human enhancement scholarship as a powerful cognitive enhancement technology. It offers instant access to almost any type of information, along with the ability to share that information with others. The aim of this paper is to critically assess the enhancement potential of the Internet. We argue that unconditional access to information does not lead to cognitive enhancement. The Internet is not a simple, uniform technology, either in its composition, or in its (...) use. We will look into why the Internet as an informational resource currently fails to enhance cognition. We analyze some of the phenomena that emerge from vast, continual fluxes of information–information overload, misinformation and persuasive design—and show how they could negatively impact users’ cognition. Methods for mitigating these negative impacts are then advanced: individual empowerment, better collaborative systems for sorting and categorizing information, and the use of artificial intelligence assistants that could guide users through the informational space of today’s Internet. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the determinations of the notion of "use" in the early Heidegger – from the 1920’s – and in Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations. It aims to distinguish the notion of « use » from the one of « life’s practice », and more precisely, from the two notions of "life’s achievement" and "form of life". The objective is to point out that, although they are indeed very different, Wittgenstein’s and Heidegger’s notions of "use" both are specific and determined (...) by their resistance to a context. This paper will therefore dwell more specifically on the analysis of the Heideggerian notion of « formal indication » and of a therapeutic and non hermeneutic notion of context in the Investigations. (shrink)

Internet trolling involves making assertions with the aim of provoking emotionally heated responses, all while pretending to be a sincere interlocutor. In this paper, I give an account of some of the epistemic and psychological dimensions of trolling, with the goal of developing a better understanding of why certain kinds of trolling can be dangerous. I first analyze how trolls eschew the epistemic norms of assertion, thus covertly violating their conversation partners’ normative expectations. Then, drawing on literature on the (...) “explore/exploit trade-off,” I argue that trolling is a kind of exploratory behaviour. Specifically, it involves exploring the consequences of violating an interlocutor’s expectation that one will follow the epistemic norms of assertion. To defend this account, I argue that it explains various facts about trolls and the kind of pleasure they get from their activities. My account provides a deeper understanding of why trolling can be dangerous: namely, it explains why certain trolling behaviours contribute to radicalizing people into extremist or hateful ideologies, as well as why online platforms where trolls run amok gradually become polluted with extreme, hateful speech. (shrink)

Les neuf contributions de ce volume visent à interroger la notion d’unité chez Aristote et la diversité de ses usages de manière transversale dans le corpus aristotélicien. De fait, il semble indiscutable que la question de l’unité – de ce qu’elle est, de la manière dont elle est appréhendée ou employée – est omniprésente dans la pensée d’Aristote. L’ouvrage offre un parcours qui part de l’enquête « hénologique » sur l’un du livre Iota de la Métaphysique, en passant par l’étude (...) de la notion d’unité dans les écrits épistémologiques et logiques, ou encore dans les contextes biologiques et psychologiques, pour aboutir aux questions de l’unité dans le domaine éthique. Le volume vise à rassembler différentes études locales pour dégager les motifs philosophiques transversaux de la notion d’unité. Les contributions réunies offrent ainsi une nouvelle perspective sur les différents types d’unités complexes dont Aristote admet l’existence et les différents degrés d’unité que ceux-ci présentent. (shrink)

he Sensor-Integrated IoT Solution for Precision Farming is designed to optimize agricultural water usage and enhance crop productivity through real-time monitoring and automated control. The system uses an Arduino and NodeMCU to collect and process data from various sensors, including a pH sensor for water quality, a DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity, and a soil moisture sensor to assess soil conditions. Sensor data is displayed on an LCD and uploaded to the ThingSpeak platform for remote monitoring. When the (...) pH value deviates from the optimal range, the system activates two water pumps—first, the outlet pump to remove poorquality water, followed by the inlet pump to introduce fresh water. Relays control the operation of the pumps, ensuring efficient water management. By integrating IoT technology, this system enhances water conservation, reduces manual intervention, and improves overall agricultural efficiency, making precision farming more sustainable and effective. (shrink)

Cette étude a examiné le rôle indispensable des articles définis et partitifs dans l'apprentissage des langues, abordant divers aspects, notamment la définition, l'utilisation, les erreurs courantes, la comparaison, les stratégies d'enseignement, les défis d'apprentissage et les considérations culturelles et linguistiques associées à ces articles. Les articles définis spécifient des éléments connus, tandis que les articles partitifs indiquent des quantités indéterminées. Un enseignement efficace implique une pratique contextuelle et l'intégration de la technologie. Les défis incluent l'interférence de la langue maternelle et (...) la mauvaise application du contexte, avec des solutions comprenant une instruction adaptée et des perspectives interculturelles. Comprendre l'influence des langues maternelles des apprenants sur l'acquisition des articles et considérer des arrière-plans linguistiques diversifiés sont essentiels pour une acquisition linguistique réussie. Cette étude souligne l'importance primordiale de maîtriser les articles pour une communication précise, mettant en lumière la nécessité de répondre aux besoins uniques des apprenants pour favoriser la maîtrise des articles définis et partitifs. (shrink)

In a rapidly evolving Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) landscape, researchers, policymakers, and publishers have to continuously redefine responsible research practices. To ensure guidance of GenAI use in research, core principles that remain stable despite technological advancement are needed. This article defines a list of principles guiding the responsible use of GenAI in research, regardless of use case and GenAI technology employed. To define this framework, we conducted an anonymised Delphi consensus procedure comprising a panel of 16 international and multidisciplinary experts (...) in AI, social sciences, law, ethics, and scientific publishing. After three rounds of independent rating and feedback, the panel reached consensus on eight sequentially ordered principles required for responsible GenAI usage: Regulations, Data Security, Quality Control, Originality, Bias Mitigation, Accountability, Transparency, and Broader Impact. For the clear reporting of adherence to these principles, we created a checklist allowing active implementation into the research process. With these efforts, we aim to guide everyday research, support the development of further specified regulations, policies, and guidelines, and promote discussion about GenAI use in research. (shrink)

Abstract: The methodology of conducting mobility games among pre-school children and the content of the mobility games used in the physical trainings are highlighted in this article.

The Internet is like a new country, with a growing population of millions of well educated citizens. If it wants to keep track of its own cultural achievements in real time, it will have to provide itself with an infostructure like a virtual National Library system. This paper proposes that institutions all over the world should take full advantage of the new technologies available, and promote and coordinate such a global service. This is essential in order to make possible (...) a really efficient management of human knowledge on a global scale. (shrink)

Populism has become a buzzword within the political arena of the twenty-first century. It is near omnipresent in our discourse, most of the time without being tied to any particularly defined conceptualization. This proliferation of populist and meta-populist discourse results in the meaning of the term populism becoming taken for granted without ever resulting in its user’s need to feel it necessary to expand on its actual meaning. The aim of this paper is to try to shed some light on (...) the definition of the word populism and its usage. I adopt and apply some tools proposed by Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations, namely his idea of family resemblance and meaning as use. Firstly, I will consider populism as a family resemblance term. Instead of trying to entangled populism within a framework of fixed and essential features, populism should be seen as contingent and contextual intertwining of different characteristics which make us immediately recognize a phenomenon as populism. Secondly, I will propose three different uses of populism within academic literature – populism as a classifier, as an admonition and as a descriptor - in order to show how the meaning that we attributed to the term might change according to the usage we make of it. Consequently, each theory of populism advanced should be conceived in light of the scope of the analysis and the specific use we make of the word within political debate. This approach would allow us to maintain the word populism in spite of its lack of a central definition, while allowing a plurality of overlapping and conflictual meanings. (shrink)

Nous comparons les notions d’usage et de signification chez Ludwig Wittgenstein et Martin Heidegger. Contrairement à Jocelyn Benoist, nous pensons que l’analogie entre Wittgenstein et Heidegger n’est pas superficielle. La métaphysique de Heidegger explicite certaines présuppositions implicites de la seconde philosophie de Wittgenstein. Le pragmatisme naturaliste de Wittgenstein peut être théorisé. Notamment la notion wittgensteinienne d’usage, ou de jeu de langage, peut être comprise comme une pratique à la fois naturelle et normative régie par des règles. -/- Wittgenstein’s (...) notions of use and meaning are compared with the corresponding Heidegger’s ones. Unlike Jocelyn Benoist, we suggest that the analogy between Wittgenstein and Heidegger is not superficial. Heidegger’s metaphysics makes explicit some of the implicit presuppositions of Wittgenstein’s philosophy. Wittgenstein’s naturalistic pragmatism can be theorized. In particular, Wittgenstein’s notion of use, or language game, can be understood as both natural and normative rule- governing practice. (shrink)

We argue that the Internet is, and is acting as, an EA because it shapes our belief systems, our worldviews. We explain key concepts for this discussion and provide illustrative examples to support our claims. Furthermore, we explain why recognising the Internet as an EA is important for Internet users and society in general. We discuss several ways in which the Internet influences the choices, beliefs, and attitudes of its users, and we compare this effect with (...) those of psychological conditioning and brainwashing techniques. Finally, we present examples where the Internet’s epistemic agency acts at scale, affecting large portions of society rather than individuals. (shrink)

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between users' optimal experience while surfing SNS, the sharing behavior of fake news about companies, online trust, and increased social media usage. Our theoretical framework enhances flow theory, which is conceptualized as a sequential process, involving social media users' intrinsic interest, concentration, perceived control, enjoyment, and time distortion. Relevant studies from fake news literature, online trust, and social media usage were also included to develop the hypothesis and conceptual (...) model. We conducted an empirical investigation through a questionnaire-based online survey among social media users of the most popular SNS. A convenience sample was chosen, and 922 valid responses were obtained. Using structural equations modeling we tested the research hypothesis and the proposed conceptual model. The findings show that the optimal experience of social media users can be viewed as a sequential process that influences sharing fake news about companies: intrinsic interest influences concentration, concentration influences perceived control, perceived control influences enjoyment, enjoyment influences users time distortion, and time distortion influences sharing fake news about companies on SNS. Moreover, online trust has a positive influence on sharing fake news. Also, the results of this study indicate that sharing fake news about companies while browsing SNS has a positive influence on social media usage. The paper extends the theoretical understanding of the flow theory in the social media context of an emerging market. Marketers can benefit from the results of this study when designing communication strategies via social media, as to know what content to post, how to avoid the spread of fake news, and which aspects to consider enhancing optimal experience among SNS users. (shrink)

The Internet has revolutionized the way knowledge is currently produced, stored and disseminated. A few finger clicks on a keyboard can save time and many hours of search in libraries or shopping in stores. Online trademarks with an prefix such as e-library, e-business, e-health etc., are increasingly part of our daily professional vocabularies. However, the Internet has also produced multiple negative side effects, ranging from an unhealthy dependency to a dehumanization of human relationships. Fraudulent, unethical and scam practices (...) are also flourishing through for example misleading online advertising methods. Some social and professional networks gather users’ profiles for selling and advertising purposes, sometimes by making it technically difficult to unsubscribe. Here, I discuss some of these unethical aspects and propose some potential solutions to reduce them. (shrink)

This paper has two distinct but related goals: (1) to identify some of the potential consequences of the Internet for our cognitive abilities and (2) to suggest an approach to evaluate these consequences. I begin by outlining the Google effect, which (allegedly) shows that when we know information is available online, we put less effort into storing that information in the brain. Some argue that this strategy is adaptive because it frees up internal resources which can then be used (...) for other cognitive tasks, whereas others argue that this is maladaptive because it makes us less knowledgeable. I argue that the currently available empirical evidence in cognitive psychology does not support strong conclusions about the negative effects of the Internet on memory. Before we can make value-judgements about the cognitive effects of the Internet, we need more robust and ecologically-valid evidence. Having sketched a more nuanced picture of the Google effect, I then argue that the value of our cognitive abilities is in part intrinsic and in part instrumental, that is, they are both valuable in themselves and determined by the socio-cultural context in which these cognitive abilities are utilised. Focussing on instrumental value, I argue that, in an information society such as ours, having the skills to efficiently navigate, evaluate, compare, and synthesize online information are (under most circumstances) more valuable than having a lot of facts stored in biological memory. This is so, partly because using the Internet as an external memory system has overall benefits for education, navigation, journalism, and academic scholarship. (shrink)

Phone is a topic that is not so much explored and examined in Plato. Given eighteen times use of this word in Protagoras, this dialogue can be the suitable place to do a research about its meanings. Here the use of phone covers different subjects and facets of this word as an umbrella word so that in order to reach an ordered and meaningful understanding we place those aspects which are analogous in specific set and title.

As sustainable tourism gains increasing attention, understanding the factors that influence travelers' motivation to engage with sustainable travel agents becomes crucial. This study investigates the moderating effect of social media usage on the relationship between the perceived value of websites and motivational factors for sustainable travel agents. The study proposes that social media usage acts as a moderator in shaping the relationship between the perceived value of websites and motivational factors. This study has utilized smart tourism. Therefore, independent (...) variable motivation in terms of informativeness gratification and gratification acted as moderating variables. This study has utilized an online questionnaire adapted from a standardized questionnaire based on the literature review. Moreover, a total of 146 managers were surveyed in which they were required to respond to 55 items that elicited the 7 variables social media use, Propensity, perceived website value, motivating factors, entertainment gratification, informativeness gratification, sustainable smart tourism. The data were analyzed by SPSS and PLS-SEM. The findings indicated that relevance and importance of social media use and sustainable smart tourism. The result revealed that 7 hypotheses had a significant relationship. 3 hypotheses did not show a moderating effect. Overall, this study extends the understanding of sustainable smart tourism. These findings will benefit travel agents’ managers in Malaysia to better understand the role of social media use and utilize it towards developing sustainable sustainable smart tourism. (shrink)