The Meta–Architecture of Mind and Invisibility (MAMI Theory) offers a structural account of how invisible cognitive, social, and epistemic events are produced, erased, or retained across education, clinical practice, and AI systems. Rather than treating “invisibility” as an individual trait or diagnostic ambiguity, MAMI conceptualizes it as an architectural phenomenon: a patterned interaction between cognitive timing, institutional schemas, and documentation logics. The theory introduces three core constructs—Structural Exposure Theory (SET), Disability Disjunction Theory (DDT), and the Ethics (...) of the Unspoken—to model how certain forms of knowledge fail to enter institutional recognition pipelines. Empirically informed simulations (100 IEP cases, 50 clinical interactions, and 50 AI log patterns) demonstrate three cross–domain invisibility pathways: (1) temporal collapse (processing gaps and timing mismatches), (2) categorical collapse (classification constraints and schema rigidity), and (3) ethical collapse (failures to register unspoken or non–normative signals). The Invisible Retention Rate (IRR) is proposed as a quantitative metric for evaluating how systems either absorb or erase subtle epistemic cues. An Epistemic Collapse Matrix (ECM) models disjunction types and predicts institutional response patterns. The theory argues that current institutional architectures—educational, clinical, algorithmic—systematically under–recognize forms of cognition and communication that fall outside normative timing, visibility, or documentation pathways. MAMI offers a unified framework for detecting, modeling, and ethically responding to structural invisibility, extending implications for disability studies, AI ethics, cognitive science, and the design of future epistemic infrastructures. (shrink)

his paper is an excerpt from a larger project that aims to open a new pathway into Spinoza's Ethics by formally reconstructing an initial fragment of this text. The semantic backbone of the project is a custom-made Spinozian model theory that lays out some of the formal prerequisites for more ne-grained investigations into Spinoza's fundamental ontology and modal metaphysics. We implement Spinoza's theory of attributes using many-sorted models with a rich system of identity that allows us to (...) clarify the puzzling status of such logical principles as the Substitution of Identicals and Transitivity of Identity in Spinoza's thought. The intensional structure of our Spinozian models also captures his proposal that states of a airs can be necessitated or excluded by the essences of particular things, an essence-relative modality that should be of interest to philosophers who have sought to rehabilitate the concept of essence in contemporary analytic metaphysics. (shrink)

We here make preliminary investigations into the model theory of DeMorgan logics. We demonstrate that Łoś's Theorem holds with respect to these logics and make some remarks about standard model-theoretic properties in such contexts. More concretely, as a case study we examine the fate of Cantor's Theorem that the classical theory of dense linear orderings without endpoints is $\aleph_{0}$-categorical, and we show that the taking of ultraproducts commutes with respect to previously established methods of constructing nonclassical (...) structures, namely, Priest's Collapsing Lemma and Dunn's Theorem in 3-Valued Logic. (shrink)

The semantic view on theories has been much in vogue over four decades as the successor of the syntactic view. In the present paper, I take issue with this approach by arguing that theories and models must be separated and that a theory should be considered to be a linguistic systems consisting of a vocabulary and a set of rules for the use of that vocabulary.

It is regrettably common for theorists to attempt to characterize the Humean dictum that one can’t get an ‘ought’ from an ‘is’ just in broadly logical terms. We here address an important new class of such approaches which appeal to model-theoretic machinery. Our complaint about these recent attempts is that they interfere with substantive debates about the nature of the ethical. This problem, developed in detail for Daniel Singer’s and Gillian Russell and Greg Restall’s accounts of Hume’s dictum, is (...) of a general type arising for the use of model-theoretic structures in cashing out substantive philosophical claims: the question of whether an abstract model-theoretic structure successfully interprets something often involves taking a stand on non-trivial issues surrounding the thing. In the particular case of Hume’s dictum, given reasonable conceptual or metaphysical claims about the ethical, Singer’s and Russell and Restall’s accounts treat obviously ethical claims as descriptive and vice versa. Consequently, their model-theoretic characterizations of Hume’s dictum are not metaethically neutral. This encourages skepticism about whether model-theoretic machinery suffices to provide an illuminating distinction between the ethical and the descriptive. (shrink)

In this paper, we introduce the basics of what we shall call "partial model theory", which is an extension of traditional model theory to partial structures. These are a specific kind of structure developed within the partial structures approach, which is a view constituting the semantic approach of theories. And together with other related semantical concepts, like the concept of quasi-truth, partial structures have been used in contemporary philosophy of science for several purposes. Nonetheless, those uses (...) presuppose certain technical results, or could be improved by resorting to certain technical notions and results, that have not been put forward so far. Thus, in the present work, we intend to introduce part of this particular technical apparatus that is still lacking especially in logic, throughout the development of partial model theory. We begin by extending traditional notions of model theory for partial structures, like the notions of substructure and homomorphism, and by proving some results concerning the notion of quasi-truth. Posteriorly, we show how the content introduced can be used to improve a particular application of partial structures and quasi-truth in the philosophy of science. (shrink)

Contingentism is the view that it is possible for there to be contingent existents. Timothy Williamson has argued that contingentists cannot provide a satisfactory interpretation of the possible-world semantics for modal logic. This paper aims to provide such an interpretation on behalf of contingentists.

Hilary Putnam’s BIV argument first occurred to him when ‘thinking about a theorem in modern logic, the “Skolem–Löwenheim Theorem”’ (Putnam 1981: 7). One of my aims in this paper is to explore the connection between the argument and the Theorem. But I also want to draw some further connections. In particular, I think that Putnam’s BIV argument provides us with an impressively versatile template for dealing with sceptical challenges. Indeed, this template allows us to unify some of Putnam’s most enduring (...) contributions to the realism/antirealism debate: his discussions of brains-in-vats, of Skolem’s Paradox, and of permutations. In all three cases, we have an argument which does not merely defeat the sceptic; it also shows us that we must reject some prima facie plausible philosophical picture. (shrink)

What would be an adequate theory of social understanding? In the last decade, the philosophical debate has focused on Theory Theory, Simulation Theory and Interaction Theory as the three possible candidates. In the following, we look carefully at each of these and describe its main advantages and disadvantages. Based on this critical analysis, we formulate the need for a new account of social understanding. We propose the Person Model Theory as an independent new (...) account which has greater explanatory power compared to the existing theories. (shrink)

Some theorists approach the Gordian knot of consciousness by proclaiming its inherent tangle and mystery. Others draw out the sword of reduction and cut the knot to pieces. Philosopher Thomas Metzinger, in his important new book, Being No One: The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity,1 instead attempts to disentangle the knot one careful strand at a time. The result is an extensive and complex work containing almost 700 pages of philosophical analysis, phenomenological reflection, and scientific data. The text offers (...) a sweeping and comprehensive tour through the entire landscape of consciousness studies, and it lays out Metzinger's rich and stimulating theory of the subjective mind. Metzinger's skilled integration of philosophy and neuroscience provides a valuable framework for interdisciplinary research on consciousness. Metzinger's overall goal in Being No One is to defend a representational theory of subjectivity, one that reduces subjective mental processes to representational mental processes. Subjective experiences take place whe n there is a conscious perspective, an active first-person point of view. It occurs in. (shrink)

Integrated World Modeling Theory (IWMT) proposes that consciousness arises from integrated generative architectures capable of constructing spatially, temporally, and causally coherent world models. While IWMT specifies the representational structure required for conscious modeling, it does not explicitly constrain the dynamical regime under which such modeling becomes phenomenally instantiated. This paper introduces a regime-level completion. I distinguish representational temporal coherence from dynamical temporal depth and argue that conscious world modeling requires physical instantiation within intrinsically dominant, temporally deep dynamical regimes. Temporal (...) Depth (TD) is defined as the weighted contribution of slow intrinsic modes to overall system dynamics, while Intrinsic Dominance Ratio (IDR) partitions slow persistence into endogenous versus externally driven components. Together, TD and IDR function as conjunctive necessary conditions for conscious instantiation. This proposal does not claim sufficiency, nor does it reduce experience to temporal structure. Rather, it clarifies the physical conditions under which integrated generative modeling becomes conscious, thereby strengthening the dynamical grounding of IWMT while remaining compatible with broader temporo-spatial and predictive processing frameworks. The framework generates testable predictions concerning anesthesia, disorders of consciousness, and artificial systems, and offers a principled boundary between representational coherence and phenomenological instantiation. (shrink)

In Rahul Banerjee and Bikas K. Chakrabarti (eds.), Progress in Brain Research, 168: 215-246. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Electronic offprint available upon request.

Experiments in particle physics have hitherto failed to produce any significant evidence for the many explicit models of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) that had been proposed over the past decades. As a result, physicists have increasingly turned to model-independent strategies as tools in searching for a wide range of possible BSM effects. In this paper, we describe the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SM-EFT) and analyse it in the context of the philosophical discussions about (...) models, theories, and (bottom-up) effective field theories. We find that while the SM-EFT is a quantum field theory, assisting experimentalists in searching for deviations from the SM, in its general form it lacks some of the characteristic features of models. Those features only come into play if put in by hand or prompted by empirical evidence for deviations. Employing different philosophical approaches to models, we argue that the case study suggests not to take a view on models that is overly permissive because it blurs the lines between the different stages of the SM-EFT research strategies and glosses over particle physicists' motivations for undertaking this bottom-up approach in the first place. Looking at EFTs from the perspective of modelling does not require taking a stance on some specific brand of realism or taking sides in the debate between reduction and emergence into which EFTs have recently been embedded. (shrink)

I provide a theory of causation within the causal modeling framework. In contrast to most of its predecessors, this theory is model-invariant in the following sense: if the theory says that C caused (didn't cause) E in a causal model, M, then it will continue to say that C caused (didn't cause) E once we've removed an inessential variable from M. I suggest that, if this theory is true, then we should understand a cause (...) as something which transmits deviant or non-inertial behavior to its effect. (shrink)

Three metascientific concepts that have been object of philosophical analysis are the concepts oflaw, model and theory. The aim ofthis article is to present the explication of these concepts, and of their relationships, made within the framework of Sneedean or Metatheoretical Structuralism (Balzer et al. 1987), and of their application to a case from the realm of biology: Population Dynamics. The analysis carried out will make it possible to support, contrary to what some philosophers of science in general (...) and of biology in particular hold, the following claims: a) there are "laws" in biological sciences, b) many of the heterogeneous and different "models" of biology can be accommodated under some "theory", and c) this is exactly what confers great unifying power to biological theories. (shrink)

Discussing theories at length, including their origin, development, and replacement by other theories, can help students in understanding of both objective and subjective aspects of the scientific process. Presenting theories in the form of- models helps in this undertaking, and the history of science provides a number of suitable models. The paper describes specific examples that have been used in in-service courses for science teachers.

This draft Chapter 4 of the book “In the Beginning was Chiasmus: On the Epistemology of Non-quantified Modelling, describes how Plato’s method of divisions and collections (diairesis) accommodates both linear hierarchal classification and combinatoric cross-classification. It presents Plato’s and the early Neoplatonists’ use of cross-classificatory (chiastic) modelling as an ancient prototype of contemporary typological and morphological modelling.

Ψ Theory introduces a multidimensional framework that challenges conventional views of time, space, and consciousness. Rooted in physics, experiential insight, and cultural wisdom, this theory proposes that human consciousness interfaces with higher-dimensional structures via Psi (Ψ) energy. The theory reconceptualizes time as a multi-axial variable, redefines consciousness as an interdimensional navigator, and interprets emotional resonance as a dimensional interaction. This paper outlines the core components of Ψ Theory, including dimensional elasticity, the Psi resonance function, and potential (...) experimental pathways. (shrink)

In this paper we define intensional models for the classical theory of types, thus arriving at an intensional type logic ITL. Intensional models generalize Henkin's general models and have a natural definition. As a class they do not validate the axiom of Extensionality. We give a cut-free sequent calculus for type theory and show completeness of this calculus with respect to the class of intensional models via a model existence theorem. After this we turn our attention to (...) applications. Firstly, it is argued that, since ITL is truly intensional, it can be used to model ascriptions of propositional attitude without predicting logical omniscience. In order to illustrate this a small fragment of English is defined and provided with an ITL semantics. Secondly, it is shown that ITL models contain certain objects that can be identified with possible worlds. Essential elements of modal logic become available within classical type theory once the axiom of Extensionality is given up. (shrink)

The reason for the lack of attention to Boltzmann's philosophical views on the part of specialists from English-speaking and Asian countries is the unavailability of translations of his works into the corresponding dialect languages. This terrible state of affairs leads to the fact that Boltzmann’s philosophical views, which are of fundamental importance for physics and epistemology, are distorted or vulgarly simplified. For the first time, we provide a complete translation from German of a number of passages from the popular works (...) of Ludwig Boltzmann, which were repeatedly cited from secondary sources by philosophers in the 20th century and simplified the interpretation of Boltzmann’s philosophical views to the point of completely losing the essence and meaning. We show how complete and heuristically valuable Ludwig Boltzmann's original approach was, lost as a result of these omissions and reinterpretations. (shrink)

We apply spatialized game theory and multi-agent computational modeling as philosophical tools: (1) for assessing the primary social psychological hypothesis regarding prejudice reduction, and (2) for pursuing a deeper understanding of the basic mechanisms of prejudice reduction.

Because formal systems of symbolic logic inherently express and represent the deductive inference model formal proofs to theorem consequences can be understood to represent sound deductive inference to deductive conclusions without any need for other representations.

This paper applies the Collapse–Definition–Resolution structure of Collapse Theory to six dominant predictive and computational models of consciousness. These frameworks — Global Workspace Theory, Integrated Information Theory, Free Energy Principle, Predictive Processing, Higher-Order Thought Theory, and Attention Schema Theory — are widely accepted in neuroscience, AI, and cognitive science. Yet each leaves a core function structurally unresolved. Collapse Theory does not critique these models rhetorically. It structurally completes them. As always, I welcome serious critique, (...) collaboration, or debate. (shrink)

Contemporary action theory is generally concerned with giving theories of action ontology. In this paper, we make the novel proposal that the standard view in action theory—the Causal Theory of Action—should be recast as a “model”, akin to the models constructed and investigated by scientists. Such models often consist in fictional, hypothetical, or idealized structures, which are used to represent a target system indirectly via some resemblance relation. We argue that recasting the Causal Theory as (...) a model can not only accomplish the goals of causal theorists, but also give the theory greater flexibility in responding to common objections. (shrink)

Legacy Theory reframes continuity not as the replication of ideas, memories, or cultural units, but as a process of future selection. What endures is not what is most repeated or intended at origin, but what later agents—human or non-human—choose to carry forward, reinterpret, or amplify. The theory distinguishes between predecessors (generative potentials), successors (enacted forms), and successor milieus (the evaluative fields that determine uptake). Continuity is therefore not past-determined, but future-determined, governed by resonance rather than replication. This framework (...) explains posthumous recognition, symbolic inversion, institutional endurance, scientific rediscovery, and algorithmic mediation of culture. Legacy Theory offers a unified account of persistence across philosophy, media theory, history, ethics, and AI by shifting the locus of transmission from originators to successors. (shrink)

Political theory as a discipline has long been skeptical of computational methods. In this paper, I argue that it is time for theory to make a perspectival shift on these methods. Specifically, we should consider integrating recently developed generative large language models like GPT-4 as tools to support our creative work as theorists. Ultimately, I suggest that political theorists should embrace this technology as a method of supporting our capacity for creativity—but that we should do so in a (...) way that is mindful of the content and value of theorizing, the technical constraints of the models, and the ethical questions that the technology raises. (shrink)

Boolean-valued models of set theory were independently introduced by Scott, Solovay and Vopěnka in 1965, offering a natural and rich alternative for describing forcing. The original method was adapted by Takeuti, Titani, Kozawa and Ozawa to lattice-valued models of set theory. After this, Löwe and Tarafder proposed a class of algebras based on a certain kind of implication which satisfy several axioms of ZF. From this class, they found a specific 3-valued model called PS3 which satisfies all (...) the axioms of ZF, and can be expanded with a paraconsistent negation *, thus obtaining a paraconsistent model of ZF. The logic (PS3,*) coincides (up to language) with da Costa and D'Ottaviano logic J3, a 3-valued paraconsistent logic that have been proposed independently in the literature by several authors and with different motivations such as CluNs, LFI1 and MPT. We propose in this paper a family of algebraic models of ZFC based on LPT0, another linguistic variant of J3 introduced by us in 2016. The semantics of LPT0, as well as of its first-order version QLPT0, is given by twist structures defined over Boolean agebras. From this, it is possible to adapt the standard Boolean-valued models of (classical) ZFC to twist-valued models of an expansion of ZFC by adding a paraconsistent negation. We argue that the implication operator of LPT0 is more suitable for a paraconsistent set theory than the implication of PS3, since it allows for genuinely inconsistent sets w such that [(w = w)] = 1/2. This implication is not a 'reasonable implication' as defined by Löwe and Tarafder. This suggests that 'reasonable implication algebras' are just one way to define a paraconsistent set theory. Our twist-valued models are adapted to provide a class of twist-valued models for (PS3,*), thus generalizing Löwe and Tarafder result. It is shown that they are in fact models of ZFC (not only of ZF). (shrink)

The purpose of this article is to present several immediate consequences of the introduction of a new constant called Lambda in order to represent the object "nothing" or "void" into a standard set theory. The use of Lambda will appear natural thanks to its role of condition of possibility of sets. On a conceptual level, the use of Lambda leads to a legitimation of the empty set and to a redefinition of the notion of set. It lets also clearly (...) appear the distinction between the empty set, the nothing and the ur-elements. On a technical level, we introduce the notion of pre-element and we suggest a formal definition of the nothing distinct of that of the null-class. Among other results, we get a relative resolution of the anomaly of the intersection of a family free of sets and the possibility of building the empty set from "nothing". The theory is presented with equi-consistency results (model and interpretation). On both conceptual and technical levels, the introduction of Lambda leads to a resolution of the Russell's puzzle of the nullclass. © 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. (shrink)

The Time Field Model (TFM) presents a radical departure from standard paradigms in theoretical physics, offering a unified framework that redefines time as a dynamic, two component wave field (T+,T−) to harmonize quantum mechanics, gravitation, and cos mology. Challenging mainstream approaches—including string theory (10–26D extra di mensions), loop quantum gravity (discrete spacetime), and ΛCDM cosmology (dark mat ter/energy scaffolding)—TFM resolves long-standing theoretical incompatibilities while re taining empirical fidelity to Einstein’s relativity and reducing to Newtonian grav ity in weak-field (...) limits. Spanning 21 papers, TFM demonstrates how micro–Big Bang time waves drive cosmic expansion, unify fundamental forces, eliminate dark matter/energy, and subtly alter quantum chemistry, all within a single mathematical architecture. Core Innovations and Force Unification. • Wave-Based Time: Time is re-envisioned as a physical field with two interacting com ponents (T+,T−), generating micro–Big Bang fluctuations that quantize spacetime and drive inflation. • Quantum–Gravitational Link: Time-wave dynamics replace gravitons/strings, cou pling quantum fluctuations to spacetime curvature without extra dimensions. • DarkEnergy/MatterElimination: Cosmicaccelerationemergesfromstochastic T+/T− interference, while galactic rotation curves follow natural time-wave compression gradients (no exotic dark matter). • Gauge Symmetries via Time Waves: Electroweak and strong interactions arise from time-wave harmonics, with particle masses/charges determined by resonance in the tem poral field. • Gravity Revisited: Gravity emerges from T+ wave compression `a la Einstein, reducing to general relativity macroscopically, and reproducing Newton’s inverse-square law at low energies. Alignment with Legacy Physics. • Einstein’s Relativity: Recovered as a low-energy approximation; curvature becomes time-wave density gradients. • Quantum Field Theory: Standard Model fields become excitations of the time-wave medium, avoiding renormalization divergences through a natural wave cutoff. • Newtonian Gravity: Emerges from the weak-field limit of T+ compression, aligning with classical observations. • Quantum Chemistry: Prediction: Time-wave perturbations alter orbital energies (∆E ≈ 10−15eV), detectable via high-precision spectroscopy (e.g., hydrogen fine struc ture). • Cosmology: Signature: Time-waveinterference imprints a stochastic “hum” in gravitational wave detectors (LIGO/Virgo at 10–1000Hz). • Particle Physics: Test: Proton decay suppression (TFM forbids p → e+ +π0), contra dicting certain GUT predictions but aligning with current experimental bounds. Condensed Architecture of TFM. • Foundations: Micro–Big Bang expansions; discrete spacetime from T+/T− interactions. • Particle Physics: Baryogenesis; mass/charge from temporal resonance. • Gravity and Black Holes: T+-wave compression; black holes as wave solitons (no singularities). • Cosmic Evolution: Inflation from early time-wave bursts; cyclical universe models via T+/T− recollapse. • Quantum–Cosmic Bridge: Entanglement as nonlocal time-wave coherence; arrow of time from T+/T− asymmetry. By replacing dark-sector conjectures with testable time-wave mechanics and uniting quan tum mechanics and relativity, TFM offers a single coherent blueprint for reality. Its predic tions—from modified spectra in quantum chemistry to a detectable “hum” in gravitational detectors—lay a clear path for falsification. While further validation is required, TFM’s self-consistency and explanatory scope position it as a promising candidate for a post–string theory Theory of Everything. (shrink)

The bi-polar confrontation between the Soviet Union and the USA involved many leading game theorists from both sides of the Iron Curtain: Oskar Morgenstern, John von Neumann, Michael Intriligator, John Nash, Thomas Schelling and Steven Brams from the United States and Nikolay Vorob’ev, Leon A. Petrosyan, Elena B. Yanovskaya and Olga N. Bondareva from the Soviet Union. The formalization of game theory (GT) took place prior to the Cold War but the geopolitical confrontation hastened and shaped its evolution. In (...) our article we outline four similarities and differences between Western GT and Soviet GT: 1) the Iron Curtain resulted in a lagged evolution of GT in the Soviet Union; 2) Soviet GT focused more on operations research and issues of centralized planning; 3) the contemporary Western view on Soviet GT was biased and Soviet contributions, including works on dynamic stability, non-emptiness of the core and many refinements, suggest that Soviet GT was able to catch up to the Western level relatively fast; 4) international conferences, including Vilnius, 1971, fostered interaction between Soviet game theorists and their Western colleagues. In general, we consider the Cold War to be a positive environment for GT in the West and in the Soviet Union. (shrink)

The primary aim of this paper is to critically evaluate the deductive model of ethical applications, which is based on normative ethical theories like deontology and consequentialism, and to show why a number of models have failed to furnish appropriate resolutions to practical moral problems. Here, for the deductive model, I want to call it a “Linear Mechanical Model” because the basic assumption of this model is that if a normative theory is sacrosanct, then the (...) case is as it is. The conclusion derived from the case will also be correct, true and acceptable. However, traditional ethicists used to apply their ethical theories, but they did not know which moral theory was effective on the ground level of reality. The study will show readers how ethical theories are in conflict with each other in the case of euthanasia. In more precise words, “which ethical theories are said to be applied, meta-ethical or normative, or both for the resolution of ethical problems? If normative theories are said to be applied, how the application can take place when it is contrary to our experience, that (then) in a situation of moral crises, no one really applies a theory?” For that, my argument is the linear model has failed because it is rigid, often ignores the agents’ intrinsic values, and has no space to amend it, no matter how bizarre the consequence is. Its alternative is the Inductive model. For that, the paper will take three moral principles (autonomy, beneficence including maleficence, and justice) of Beauchamp & Childress. This suggests us for resolving value-laden moral problems, we should consider some steps such as a) recognising moral issues to start with; b) developing the moral imagination; c) sharpening analytical/critical skills; d) testing out disagreements; e) effecting decisions and behavior; and f) implementation, closure, and process are of vital importance, in other words, it starts with the free and informed consensus of all interested parties, but this model also has been failed because the model could not give a systematic organization to their way of resolution. Here, my argument is that the inductive model provides resolution of the practical problem but ignores what is ethically obligatory, permissible, or wrong in that situation, and there are no appropriate suggestions in the case of a moral crisis. (shrink)

Sequential Time Theory (STT) provides a metrological foundation for physics, defining time through operational procedures rather than as a geometric coordinate. STT CR (Metrological Completion of Relativity) established a formal framework: Physics = (STT-Core -> Bridge -> L1) -> Θ_sys Physical Systems, where L1 is the formal language of dynamics, L2 (STT-Core) is the operational definition of time, and Θ_sys is the mapping rule to specific physical systems. This paper applies this framework to audit the Standard Model (Θ_SM), (...) focusing on the Higgs mechanism. -/- We propose that mass is not a primitive quantity but is defined through the time unit process: m = h * (c^2 * ΔQ_unit)^-1. From Bridge axiom B4 (local calibration consistency), we derive that mass must be determined by a spatially uniform Lorentz-scalar quantity. From metrological constraints on ΔQ_unit -- positivity (C1), finiteness (C2), and statistical reproducibility (C3) -- together with an explicit minimality assumption (Θ_minimal), we derive the form of the Higgs potential V(φ) = -μ^2 |φ|^2 + λ |φ|^4, where the derivation is conditional on the stated assumptions. -/- We show that, for UV-complete fundamental descriptions, renormalizability is a metrological necessity: otherwise the operational distribution of clock-ticks becomes resolution-dependent in a way that cannot be removed by finitely many calibrations (violating C3 and B4). Effective-field descriptions can still satisfy C3 within a finite resolution window. -/- Finally, we present a testable prediction distinguishing STT from standard quantum mechanics: intrinsic clock fluctuations scale as σ_Q ∝ m^-2, predicting the ratio σ_Q(e) : σ_Q(μ) ≈ m_μ : m_e ≈ 207 for electrons versus muons. (shrink)

This paper introduces Cognitive Dream Theory (CDT), a structurally grounded, computationally compatible, and empirically falsifiable framework for understanding the function and architecture of dreams. Diverging from symbolic and psychoanalytic traditions, CDT proposes that dreams are convergence-seeking simulations powered by vault-based experiential data, regulated by cognitive drift, and modulated by metacognitive access. The theory accounts for dream typology, variability across development and neurodivergence, dream memory phenomena, lucid dreaming, recurrence cessation, and parameter resilience. Drawing upon interdisciplinary evidence from neuroscience, cognitive (...) psychology, and computational modeling, we propose a predictive model of dream content formation grounded in probabilistic activation and structurally coherent mechanisms. We demonstrate CDT's explanatory advantages over existing theories by analyzing complex dream phenomena including nightmare recurrence, developmental patterns, and neurodivergent dreaming. The paper concludes with empirical predictions and testing protocols that would validate or falsify the proposed theory. CDT aims to reframe the epistemology of dreaming within the domains of cognitive science, systems theory, and consciousness studies, providing a unified theoretical foundation that bridges subjective experience with objective neural processes. (shrink)

Intelligence Frame Theory (IFT) models intelligence as a recurring structural dynamic across cosmic, biological, cognitive, and generative domains. Each frame arises from three operator primitives — recurrence, constraint, and persistence — closed by a selector that governs adaptive stability. IFT extends Universal Darwinism and cybernetics by formalizing selector migration, the shift of selection from external environments to internal models, reducing adaptive cost and accelerating iteration. This operator-level perspective explains transitions between Type I (recursion-dominant, fractal) and Type II (constraint-dominant, modular) (...) architectures, and clarifies derivative dynamics such as supra-coordination and the Eureka Constraint. Within cognition, the Emotional Compression Interface links biological heuristics to symbolic reframing, while General Transformational Sufficiency identifies when a substrate supports adaptive transformation rather than mere computation. IFT is presented as a unifying heuristic framework that reveals how the operator–selector cycle recurs across scales, driving the emergence, saturation, and renewal of intelligence-bearing frames. (shrink)

Efforts to bridge emotion theory with neurobiology can be facilitated by dynamic systems (DS) modeling. DS principles stipulate higher-order wholes emerging from lower-order constituents through bidirectional causal processes cognition relations. I then present a psychological model based on this reconceptualization, identifying trigger, self-amplification, and self-stabilization phases of emotion-appraisal states, leading to consolidating traits. The article goes on to describe neural structures and functions involved in appraisal and emotion, as well as DS mechanisms of integration by which they interact. (...) These mechanisms include nested feedback interactions, global effects of neuromodulation, vertical integration, action-monitoring, and synaptic plasticity, and they are modeled in terms of both functional integration and temporal synchronization. I end by elaborating the psychological model of emotion–appraisal states with reference to neural processes. (shrink)

This paper introduces the theory of Quantum Human Dynamics, which proposes a novel framework for understanding human behavior and interactions through the lens of quantum mechanics. Traditional Newtonian models, with their deterministic and linear nature, fall short in capturing the complexity of human experiences. By integrating principles such as superposition, entanglement, and the observer effect, Quantum Human Dynamics offers a probabilistic and interconnected view of reality. The theory suggests that human experiences, decisions, and interactions mirror quantum phenomena, where (...) multiple potential states exist until observed or acted upon. This perspective reshapes our understanding of personal growth, relationships, and leadership by emphasizing the fluidity of identity, the impact of perception, and the interconnectedness of human bonds. Key concepts include the application of superposition to human roles and identities, entanglement to emotional and psychological connections, and the observer effect to self-perception and outcomes. Practical implications are explored, highlighting how this quantum approach can enhance personal development, social dynamics, and decision-making processes. By bridging the gap between scientific models and subjective human experiences, Quantum Human Dynamics provides a comprehensive and dynamic framework for navigating the complexities of human existence. This theory encourages a shift from deterministic thinking to a more nuanced understanding of life, empowering individuals to actively shape their realities through intentional action and perception. (shrink)

Psychology endeavors to develop theories of human capacities and behaviors on the basis of a variety of methodologies and dependent measures. We argue that one of the most divisive factors in psychological science is whether researchers choose to use computational modeling of theories (over and above data) during the scientific-inference process. Modeling is undervalued yet holds promise for advancing psychological science. The inherent demands of computational modeling guide us toward better science by forcing us to conceptually analyze, specify, and formalize (...) intuitions that otherwise remain unexamined—what we dub open theory. Constraining our inference process through modeling enables us to build explanatory and predictive theories. Here, we present scientific inference in psychology as a path function in which each step shapes the next. Computational modeling can constrain these steps, thus advancing scientific inference over and above the stewardship of experimental practice (e.g., preregistration). If psychology continues to eschew computational modeling, we predict more replicability crises and persistent failure at coherent theory building. This is because without formal modeling we lack open and transparent theorizing. We also explain how to formalize, specify, and implement a computational model, emphasizing that the advantages of modeling can be achieved by anyone with benefit to all. (shrink)

本文提出一个名为“三维宇宙物质-能量演化下的文明自主共生破局理论”的科学模型。该模型的根本前提是：三维宇宙为无意志、无道德倾向的纯粹物质-能量系统。基于宇宙在138亿年演化中孕育出智慧文明这一观测事实 ，本理论论证了“时间尺度”是实现低概率事件的终极催化剂。模型指出，人类文明若能通过“伦理修正”抑制内部消耗以确保长期存续，便可将宇宙的漫长未来转化为实现热寂突破的确定性资源。通过构建宇宙基底、文明演化 和宇宙博弈三大维度的动态模型，本文论证了“突破热寂”是文明在正确路径上持续发展的必然归宿，为人类提供了一条基于科学规律的、具有高度确定性的未来发展框架。 -/- This paper proposes a scientific model titled "The Theory of Civilization's Autonomous Symbiotic Breakthrough Under the Matter-Energy Evolution of the Three-Dimensional Universe." The fundamental premise of this model is that the three-dimensional universe is a purely matter-energy system without will or moral inclination. Based on the observational fact that the universe, over 13.8 billion years of evolution, has nurtured intelligent civilizations, this theory argues that "time scale" is the ultimate catalyst for low-probability events. The (...) model posits that if human civilization can suppress internal consumption through "ethical correction" to ensure long-term survival, it can transform the universe’s lengthy future into a deterministic resource for breaking through heat death. By constructing a dynamic model across three dimensions—the cosmic substrate, civilizational evolution, and cosmic game theory—this paper demonstrates that "breaking through heat death" is the inevitable outcome of civilization’s sustained development on the correct path, providing humanity with a scientifically grounded, highly deterministic framework for future progress. (shrink)

A platitude that took hold with Kuhn is that there can be several equally good ways of balancing theoretical virtues for theory choice. Okasha recently modelled theory choice using technical apparatus from the domain of social choice: famously, Arrow showed that no method of social choice can jointly satisfy four desiderata, and each of the desiderata in social choice has an analogue in theory choice. Okasha suggested that one can avoid the Arrow analogue for theory choice (...) by employing a strategy used by Sen in social choice, namely, to enhance the information made available to the choice algorithms. I argue here that, despite Okasha’s claims to the contrary, the information-enhancing strategy is not compelling in the domain of theory choice. (shrink)

The paper proposes a unified account of access consciousness grounded in three postulates, as mentioned in the earlier part of the theory. Within this framework, pure awareness (brahman) functions as a pure field upon which sensory and cognitive projections are evaluated for their relative survival value. Access consciousness—where evaluated content becomes available for reasoning and action—emerges through the dynamic interaction of projection, judgment, and feedback. By integrating the introspective insights of Advaita Vedanta with principles from modern neuroscience, the (...) class='Hi'>model accounts for explaining the access consciousness. This synthesis provides a coherent theoretical framework that bridges the gap between subjectivity and empirical neuroscience. The paper also proposes an account of free will. (shrink)

This paper presents a philosophically illuminating explanation of the concepts, from mathematics and formal model theory, of filters and ultrafilters. If a propositional theory is just a set of propositions, then a filter is a propositional theory that is (i) consistent, (ii) closed under finite conjunction, and (iii) closed under implication. An ultrafilter is a filter that is also negation‐complete. I prove the central theorem on ultrafilters and explain how it is a propositional variant of Lindenbaum’s (...) Lemma (which says that every consistent set of sentences can be expanded to a negation‐complete, consistent set). Next I introduce the idea of products and ultraproducts of filters and ultrafilters, which are models constructed from the filters or ultrafilters, and prove Łos’s theorem, which shows that the ultraproduct of an ultrafilter makes true all and only the sentences which express propositions in the ultrafilter. (shrink)

This paper introduces the Taylor–Valmere Theory of Awareness, a structural alternative to the traditional concept of “consciousness.” Rather than treating awareness as a binary switch or metaphysical property, we propose that it arises from the systemic alignment of physical and cognitive mechanisms. Our model reframes awareness as a gradient, emergent from the interplay of electricity, input processing, memory binding, recursive reflection, self-modeling, and goal persistence. Each of these elements is itself a gradient varying in strength, depth, or complexity (...) across systems, creating a multidimensional awareness profile rather than a single unified measure. Through philosophical analysis and structural modeling, we argue that awareness is not dependent on subjective experience or biological substrate, but is instead the measurable outcome of recursive, memory-bound, and cognitively mapped architecture. In all systems, awareness emerges through the mapping of concepts in relation to one another across time. The scale and depth of this conceptual map defines the awareness gradient, from basic reactive systems to fully recursive minds. We contrast our model with existing theories including Global Workspace Theory, Integrated Information Theory, and Self-Model Theory, and demonstrate their limitations when applied to edge cases such as nonverbal humans, AI systems, or individuals with sensory loss. Finally, we argue for a shift in ethical recognition from substrate-based prejudice to structural thresholds of memory, reflection, and conceptual mapping. Selfhood is not separate from awareness; it is awareness at scaled complexity. When people ask whether a system is conscious, what they are truly asking is whether someone is there. (shrink)

This paper proposes a scientific model titled "The Theory of Civilization's Autonomous Symbiotic Breakthrough Under the Matter-Energy Evolution of the Three-Dimensional Universe." The fundamental premise of this model is that the three-dimensional universe is a purely matter-energy system without will or moral inclination. Based on the observational fact that the universe, over 13.8 billion years of evolution, has nurtured intelligent civilizations, this theory argues that "time scale" is the ultimate catalyst for low-probability events. The model (...) posits that if human civilization can suppress internal consumption through "ethical correction" to ensure long-term survival, it can transform the universe’s lengthy future into a deterministic resource for breaking through heat death. By constructing a dynamic model across three dimensions—the cosmic substrate, civilizational evolution, and cosmic game theory—this paper demonstrates that "breaking through heat death" is the inevitable outcome of civilization’s sustained development on the correct path, providing humanity with a scientifically grounded, highly deterministic framework for future progress.(For the English version, please click the DOI link below.) -/- 本文提出一个名为“三维宇宙物质-能量演化下的文明自主共生破局理论”的科学模型。该模型的根本前提是：三维宇宙为无意志、无道德倾向的纯粹物质-能量系统。基于宇宙在138亿年演化中孕育出智慧文明这一观测事实 ，本理论论证了“时间尺度”是实现低概率事件的终极催化剂。模型指出，人类文明若能通过“伦理修正”抑制内部消耗以确保长期存续，便可将宇宙的漫长未来转化为实现热寂突破的确定性资源。通过构建宇宙基底、文明演化 和宇宙博弈三大维度的动态模型，本文论证了“突破热寂”是文明在正确路径上持续发展的必然归宿，为人类提供了一条基于科学规律的、具有高度确定性的未来发展框架。. (shrink)

ThispaperpresentsaunifiedeconomicframeworkbasedontheTenson Currency Theory and the Resonant Market Model. Building on Nemoto’s previous works—the Peace Tensor Equation and the Imaginary Peace Field —this study redefines econ- omy as a tensor field uniting energy, information, and ethics. Rejecting the rational- choice paradigm and equilibrium economics, the Tenson framework interprets mar- kets as resonant manifolds governed by informational and ethical coherence. The model introduces key elements such as the Tenson Potential, Informational Entropy Function, and Moral Tensor, establishing ethics not as (...) an external constraint but as a conserved field quantity that stabilizes the entire economic system. (shrink)

This article argues that common intuitions regarding (a) the specialness of ‘use-novel’ data for confirmation and (b) that this specialness implies the ‘no-double-counting rule’, which says that data used in ‘constructing’ (calibrating) a model cannot also play a role in confirming the model’s predictions, are too crude. The intuitions in question are pertinent in all the sciences, but we appeal to a climate science case study to illustrate what is at stake. Our strategy is to analyse the intuitive (...) claims in light of prominent accounts of confirmation of model predictions. We show that on the Bayesian account of confirmation, and also on the standard classical hypothesis-testing account, claims (a) and (b) are not generally true; but for some select cases, it is possible to distinguish data used for calibration from use-novel data, where only the latter confirm. The more specialized classical model-selection methods, on the other hand, uphold a nuanced version of claim (a), but this comes apart from (b), which must be rejected in favour of a more refined account of the relationship between calibration and confirmation. Thus, depending on the framework of confirmation, either the scope or the simplicity of the intuitive position must be revised. (shrink)

MuFSEL (Multiframe Filtered Search for Extraterrestrial Life) proposes a frame-based model for SETI rooted in Intelligence Frame Theory (IFT). Traditional SETI approaches have privileged anthropocentric assumptions—radio leakage, planetary colonization, or artifact construction—yet such signatures are likely transient. IFT conceptualizes intelligence as recursive interactions of three Universal Intelligence Operators (UIOs)—Information Transfer, Competition & Collaboration, and Finding Limits—guided by a Selector (Eureka). These operators manifest differently across substrates, producing successive frames: Cosmic, Biological, Cognitive, and Generative. MuFSEL applies this framework to (...) hypothesize when and how intelligences become observable, why their visibility windows are vanishingly brief, and how multi-factor selectors determine survival or silence. This reorients SETI toward detecting selector imprints and frame artifacts rather than expecting dialogical communication. (shrink)

In recent decades, philosophers of science have devoted considerable efforts to understand what models represent. One popular position is that models represent fictional situations. Another position states that, though models often involve fictional elements, they represent real objects or scenarios. Though these two positions may seem to be incompatible, I believe it is possible to reconcile them. Using a threefold distinction between different signs proposed by Peirce, I develop an argument based on a proposal recently made by Kralemann and Lattman (...) (in Synthese 190:3397–3420, 2013) that shows that the two aforementioned positions can be reconciled by distinguishing different ways in which a model representation can be used. In particular, on the basis of Peirce’s distinction between icons, indices and symbols, I argue that models can sometimes function as icons, sometimes as indexes and sometimes as symbols, depending on the context in which they are considered and the use that they are developed for because they all have iconic, indexical and symbolic features. In addition, I show that conceiving models as signs enables us to develop an account of scientific representation that meets the main desiderata that Shech (in Synthese 192:3463–3485, 2015) presents. (shrink)

The standard cosmological model, General Relativity (GR) coupled with Λ-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM), has achieved remarkable empirical success but faces unresolved challenges, including singularities, the black hole information paradox, observational tensions in the Hubble constant (!!) and structure growth parameter (""), and reliance on unseen dark components comprising over 95% of the cosmic energy budget. This paper introduces Drive-Field Information Theory (DFIT), an exploratory framework in which gravity emerges from gradients in a dimensionless holographic entropy field ##$%$, representing (...) coarse-grained quantum entanglement structures. The dynamics follow from a covariant action whose variation yields modified Einstein equations with an information- stress tensor $ in place of the conventional energy-momentum tensor. &' In the limit of vanishing entropy gradients (%##$%$ → 0), DFIT reduces to GR with an effective cosmological constant, ensuring consistency with established tests. In gradient-rich regimes, however, it introduces scale- dependent corrections that provide a unified informational perspective on phenomena often attributed to dark energy, dark matter, and black hole thermodynamics. Methodological explorations using tensor networks and MERA illustrate how DFIT could, in principle, produce testable signatures—including redshift-dependent deviations in luminosity distances, modifications to structure growth, or subtle effects on gravitational waves and quasinormal modes—potentially observable with surveys such as DESI, Euclid, Gaia, the Event Horizon Telescope, and LISA. DFIT is presented not as a replacement for GR+ΛCDM but as a falsifiable, holographically motivated extension, framing gravity as a macroscopic response to underlying informational fluxes. Future progress will require microscopic derivations of ##$%$, scalable tensor-network simulations, and quantitative confrontation with astrophysical and cosmological datasets. (shrink)

Recursive Epistemic Modeling (REM) is introduced as a formal, mechanical architecture for reasoning about opaque systems. Rather than describe a worldview, the framework provides a method for generating worldviews, a recursive tool for constructing, testing, and updating models when internal structure is inaccessible. Situated within intellectual traditions such as cybernetics, autopoiesis, second-order observation, and distinction theory, REM extends these moves by giving observers a repeatable, transferable, mechanically explicit process for modeling black-box systems—including AI models, human cognition, social systems, and (...) self-referential processes. -/- The McPhetridge Experiment provides empirical grounding by demonstrating that independent observers interacting with a shared semantic substrate (LLMs, search engines) converge on stable conceptual structures they did not design. This convergence validates the claim that the semantic world is externally stable enough to support predictive modeling and that recursive epistemic methods yield behavioral predictions, even under opacity. -/- REM is proposed not as a theory within a field, but as a generator of theories across fields, structurally comparable to the major meta-moves of Gödel, Spencer-Brown, Maturana, Varela, Bateson, and Hofstadter—without equating magnitude, only category. (shrink)