Open Source Python Machine Learning Software

Originally developed by Google for internal use, TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. Available across all common operating systems (desktop, server and mobile), TensorFlow provides stable APIs for Python and C as well as APIs that are not guaranteed to be backwards compatible or are 3rd party for a variety of other languages. The platform can be easily deployed on multiple CPUs, GPUs and Google's proprietary chip, the tensor processing unit (TPU). TensorFlow expresses its computations as dataflow graphs, with each node in the graph representing an operation. Nodes take tensors—multidimensional arrays—as input and produce tensors as output. The framework allows for these algorithms to be run in C++ for better performance, while the multiple levels of APIs let the user determine how high or low they wish the level of abstraction to be in the models produced. Tensorflow can also be used for research and production with TensorFlow Extended.

CrypTen is a research framework developed by Facebook Research for privacy-preserving machine learning built directly on top of PyTorch. It provides a secure and intuitive environment for performing computations on encrypted data using Secure Multiparty Computation (SMPC). Designed to make secure computation accessible to machine learning practitioners, CrypTen introduces a CrypTensor object that behaves like a regular PyTorch tensor, allowing users to seamlessly apply automatic differentiation and neural network operations. Its design mirrors PyTorch’s modular and library-based structure, enabling flexible experimentation, debugging, and model development. The framework supports both encryption and decryption of tensors and operations such as addition and multiplication over encrypted values. Although not yet production-ready, CrypTen focuses on advancing real-world secure ML applications, such as training and inference over private datasets, without exposing sensitive data.