Why does Unix time start at 1970-01-01?

The easiest and most common explanation is that when Unix was created, an arbitrary time was needed in order to serve as the “start of time” for its core systems. This is referred to as the “Unix epoch” in Unix terms, and defines the earliest point at which a file can be created. The Unix epoch was sent as January 1, 1970.

So, simple answer, right? Actually, it’s a bit more complex. The truth is that Unix was not created in 1970, as there were rough versions of the Unix core around in the 1960s, and one of the earliest references to such an epoch was in the Unix Programmer’s Manual, which referenced it as “the time since 00:00:00, Jan. 1, 1971”. Yes, 1971 – not 1970. In theory, the epoch could be argued somewhere around 1969 when Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie started prototyping, but regardless, this still gives us an adequate epoch range of somewhere between 1969–1971

So why 1970? Well, according to Dennis Ritchie (who was one of the main engineers behind the Unix team at Bell Labs), it was set to 1970 because it was convenient to do so. I imagine setting everything to the simplest form – that is, 1/1/1970 as opposed to 1/1/1971, was just for simplicity and the resulting “simple” code.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR AND ITS CLEANING SYSTEM FOR SMALL SCALE COMBUSTION

A B S T R A C T

A simple wire-plate electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was constructed in order to test the efficiency of collecting smoke particles from combustion of rubber-wood that is used as a source of biomass energy. The ESP contains collection cylinder electrode and 2 wire electrodes between cylinder. The maximum input voltage of the Wheatstone bridge circuit using a high-voltage neon transformer was 10.5 kV (DC). The gap between the cylinder and the distance between wires were adjustable. Results from the field test in a furnace indicate that the device could be used for a period of about one hour before cleaning the electrodes was required. The collection efficiency was decreased during the course of wood burning a s the dust loading increased. Maximum efficiency was near 80% during the initial period. The distance between the collection plate electrodes had a greater influence on efficiency than the distance between the wire electrodes. The cleaning system used in this experiment was made from a row of PVC pipes to allow water to discharge radially to the cylinder electrodes on both sides. Efficiency was increased after 120. This ESP is suitable f or small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to alleviate the release of detrimental chemicals such as PAHs into the atmosphere.

Keywords: Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP), Efficiency, Electrode and Furnace Collection plate.

Design and Implementation of an Electrostatic Precipitator and Its Cleaning System for Small Scale Combustion

Project forms

STEP ONE 

download the SUBMISSION OF PROJECT TOPIC FORM and submit it to your head of the department (If approved by the Head of Department or Project coordinator, then  go to next step)

forms

SUBMISSION OF TOPIC

STEP TWO

Download the PROJECT CONCEPT PAPER form (fill and submit to the project coordinator)

forms

CONCEPT PAPER

STEP THREE

Download the PROGRESS REPORT and give the form to your project supervisor to fill and signed (afterwards submit the filled form to the project coordinator)

forms

PROGRESS REPORT FORM

STEP FOUR

Proposal defense ………………………………..

Computer Engineering Project

Computer engineering or CSE is a field of engineering that is concerned with computer software development and research. We provide the widest list of computer engineering projects for engineering students. Security Bonet has the widest variety of projects for computer science students. This page lists a variety of computer science projects ideas for students research and development. This page lists the best and latest innovative final year project topics for CSE and other software engineering branches. This section lists various b tech final year projects for cse along with being final year projects for cse branch. These projects have been researched and compiled a list to make it easy for students to choose their desired project topic for final year presentation. Get the widest list of cse projects at Security Bonet. Browse through our list below to find your final year computer engineering project topics:


  1. Sports Events Management Platform for Colleges
  2. Secure Online Auction System
  3. School Security System (SSS) using RFID
  4. RFID Parking System Using Android
  5. Quality checking using image processing
  6. Orange Fruit Recognition Using Image Segmentation
  7. Optical character extraction under different illumination conditions
  8. Filtering political sentiment in social media from textual information
  9. Evaluation of Academic Performance of Students with Fuzzy Logic
  10. E Authentication System Using QR Code & OTP
  11. Document Sentiment Analysis Using Opinion Mining
  12. Diabetic Retinopathy Detection From Retinal Images
  13. Cursor Movement On Object Motion
  14. Crime Rate Prediction Using K Means
  15. Cooking Recipe Rating Based On Sentiment Analysis
  16. Brain Tumor Detection Using Image Segmentation
  17. Android Smart Ticketing Using Rfid
  18. Android Battery Saver System
  19. Android Based Encrypted SMS System
  20. Advanced Tour Guide
  21. Social Media Community Using Optimized Clustering Algorithm
  22. Symbol Recognition Using Matlab
  23. Preventing Phishing Attack On Voting System Using Visual Cryptography
  24. Public News Droid
  25. Card Payment Security Using RSA
  26. Search Engine Using Web Annotation
  27. Secure File Storage On Cloud Using Hybrid Cryptography
  28. ATM Detail Security Using Image Steganography
  29. Image Character Recognition Using Signal & Pattern Analysis
  30. Image Steganography Using K-means & Encryption
  31. Implementing Triple DES With OTP
  32. Mobile Wallet With Merchant Payment Using Android
  33. Online user Behavior Analysis On Graphical Model
  34. Fingerprint Authenticated Secure Android Notes
  35. Student Grade Prediction Using C4.5 Decision Tree
  36. Stream Analysis For Career Choice Aptitude Tests
  37. Product Review Analysis For Genuine Rating
  38. Periodic Census With Graphical Representation
  39. Android Smart City Traveler
  40. Android Campus Portal With Graphical Reporting
  41. Smart Health Prediction Using Data Mining
  42. ERP System For Institutes
  43. Efficient Doctor-Patient Portal
  44. Online Bookstore System On Cloud Infrastructure
  45. Cloud-Based Online Blood Bank System
  46. Cloud-Based Local Train Ticketing System
  47. Cloud-Based Bus Pass System
  48. Cloud-Based Career Guidance System
  49. Android Bluetooth Chat
  50. Bus Pass with Barcode Card scan
  51. Bus Pass with webcam Scan
  52. Employee attendance System By Qr Scan
  53. Online Printed T-Shirt Designing
  54. Engineering College Automation and Scheduling System
  55. Online Visiting Card Creation Project
  56. Online Ebook Maker Project
  57. Graphical Password To Avoid Shoulder Surfing
  58. Class Management System Project
  59. Detecting E-Banking Phishing Websites Using Associative Classification
  60. Vehicle Tracking Using Driver Mobile Gps Tracking
  61. Image Steganography With 3 Way Encryption
  62. Canteen Automation System
  63. Fingerprint Voting System Project
  64. Sentiment Analysis for Product Rating
  65. Fingerprint Based ATM System
  66. E-Commerce Product Rating Based On Customer Review Mining
  67. Employee Hourly Attendance By Barcode Scan
  68. Weather Forecasting Using Data Mining
  69. User Web Access Records Mining For Business Intelligence
  70. Railway Tracking and Arrival Time Prediction
  71. Android Local Train Ticketing Project
  72. Android Patient Tracker
  73. Opinion Mining For Restaurant Reviews
  74. Website Evaluation Using Opinion Mining
  75. Opinion Mining For Comment Sentiment Analysis
  76. Movie Success Prediction Using Data Mining
  77. Android Customer Relationship Management System
  78. Android Employee Tracker
  79. Monitoring Suspicious Discussions On Online Forums Using Data Mining
  80. Android – PC Chatting & Image Sharing System
  81. Fake Product Review Monitoring And Removal For Genuine Online Product Reviews Using Opinion Mining
  82. Web Data Mining To Detect Online Spread Of Terrorism
  83. Opinion Mining For Social Networking Site
  84. Biomedical Data Mining For Web Page Relevance Checking
  85. Data Mining For Automated Personality Classification
  86. Real Estate Search Based On Data Mining
  87. Automated Payroll With GPS Tracking And Image Capture
  88. Criminal Investigation Tracker with Suspect Prediction
  89. Distributed Dealership Network Analyzer and Sales Monitor
  90. E Healthcare – Online Consultation And Medical Subscription
  91. Automated College Timetable Generator
  92. Intelligent PC Location Tracking System
  93. Secure Remote Communication Using DES Algorithm
  94. Remote Java 2 Dotnet Communication Application
  95. Internet-Based Live Courier Tracking And Delivery System
  96. Active Chat Monitoring and Suspicious Chat Detection over Internet
  97. Credit Card Fraud Detection
  98. Remote User Recognition And Access Provision
  99. AI Multi-Agent Shopping System
  100. Wireless Indoor Positioning System
  101. Tab-Based Library Book Availability & Location Finder On Wifi
  102. Web Mining For Suspicious Keyword Prominence
  103. Web Agent For Learning Content Updating
  104. PC Configuration Retrieval System on Online Server
  105. Web Server Log Analysis System
  106. Customer Behaviour Prediction Using Web Usage Mining
  107. Web Server to Client communication for web usage data analysis
  108. Network-Based Stock Price System
  109. Matrimonial Portal Project
  110. On-Demand Remote PC Monitoring system Through Internet
  111. Online AI Shopping With M-Wallet System
  112. Military Access Using Card Scanning With OTP
  113. Secure ATM Using Card Scanning Plus OTP
  114. Secure Lab Access Using Card Scanner Plus Face Recognition
  115. Web page Ranking Search Engine With Seo Suggester
  116. Detect Irregular moving objects and tracking based on color and shape in real-time
  117. Camera Motion Sensing Project
  118. Collective Face Detection Project
  119. College automation project
  120. Online Election System Project
  121. Automated Attendance System
  122. Mobile Attendance System Project
  123. WiFi Shopping Guide Project
  124. Cursor Movement By Hand Gesture Project
  125. Mobile Quiz Through WiFi Project
  126. The Cibil System Project
  127. Android Merchant Application Using Qr
  128. Advanced Mobile Store
  129. Artificial Intelligence Dietician
  130. Look Based Media Player
  131. Banking Bot Project
  132. Android Voting System
  133. Android File finder and Sorting
  134. Android Tourist Guide Project
  135. Android AI Diet Consultant
  136. Android Blood Bank
  137. Bus Pass Android Project
  138. Android Based Parking Booking System
  139. Android Based Furniture Shopping
  140. Grocery Shopping Android
  141. Face Recognition Attendance System
  142. Driver Card With Qr Code Identification
  143. Detecting Data Leaks
  144. Mobile(location-based) Advertisement System
  145. Medical Search Engine Project
  146. Automatic Answer Checker
  147. Document checker and Corrector Project
  148. AI Desktop Partner
  149. Car Sales And Inventory Store Project
  150. Media player Project
  151. Education Assignment Dashboard
  152. LED display generator project
  153. Human Speed Detection Project
  154. Cargo Booking Software
  155. Mobile Banking Project
  156. Seo optimizer and suggester
  157. Enhanced Library Management System
  158. Custom Web Search With User Centric Map
  159. Android Joystick Application
  160. Storage/Energy efficient Cloud Computing
  161. Image Editor Project
  162. Net Tracer (ACTIVE NETWORK MONITORING)
  163. Mobile Ticketing Project
  164. Mobile Self Encryption
  165. Visual Cryptography (Image encryption and decryption)
  166. Video Steganography
  167. Lan based discussion forum
  168. file encryption using Fibonacci series
  169. Hybrid AES DES encryption algorithm(any combination of algorithms is available)
  170. Stock Market Analysis and Prediction
  171. Student Attendance with Fingerprint Reader
  172. Online Law System
  173. Data Protection Using Hand Gesture Recognition
  174. Facial Expression Recognition
  175. Online Pizza Ordering System
  176. Personality Prediction System Through CV Analysis
  177. Advanced Intelligent Tourist Guide
  178. Data Standardization Using Hidden Markov Model
  179. Detecting Fraud Apps Using Sentiment Analysis
  180. Encryption & Decryption Using Diffie Hellman Algorithm
  181. Industrial Visit Planning & Booking System
  182. Intelligent Tourist Guide
  183. Secure Backup Software System
  184. TV Show Popularity Analysis Using Data Mining
  185. Twitter Trend Analysis Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation
  186. Cancer Prediction Using Data Mining
  187. Symptom-Based Clinical Document Clustering by Matrix Factorization
  188. Using Data Mining To Improve Consumer Retailer Connectivity
  189. Financial Status Analysis Using Credit Score Rating
  190. E-Banking Log System
  191. Hybrid Payment Security Model For E-Commerce
  192. Dental Caries Detection System
  193. Expression Identification Using Image Processing
  194. Fingerprint Authenticated Secure Android Notes
  195. Data Duplication Removal Using File Checksum
  196. Detecting Phishing Websites Using Machine Learning
  197. Secure Electronic Fund Transfer Over Internet Using DES
  198. Student Information Chatbot Project
  199. Website Evaluation Using Opinion Mining
  200. Android Attendance System
  201. High-Security Encryption Using AES & Visual Cryptography
  202. A New Hybrid Technique For Data Encryption
  203. Cooperative Housing Society Manager Project
  204. Smart Cab System Using Barcode Scan
  205. Warehouse Management System
  206. Heart Disease Prediction Project
  207. Exam Cell Automation System
  208. Unique User Identification Across Multiple Social Networks
  209. College Enquiry Chat Bot
  210. Bikers Portal
  211. Secure Electronic Fund Transfer Over Internet Using DES
  212. Sentiment-Based Movie Rating System
  213. Advanced Reliable Real Estate Portal
  214. Web Page Builder
  215. Diagnostic Centre Client Coordination System
  216. Improved Data Leakage Detection
  217. Online Herbs Shopping Project
  218. Sending a secure message over a network to a remote site
  219. Online Diagnostic Lab Reporting System
  220. Online Loan Application & Verification System
  221. Multi-Website Advertisement Handling System
  222. Secure Data Transfer Over Internet Using Image Steganography
  223. Airport Network Flight Scheduler
  224. Image Encryption For Secure Internet Transfer
  225. Public Photography Contest With Live Voting
  226. Image Encryption For Secure Internet Transfer
  227. Public Photography Contest With Live Voting
  228. MLM Project
  229. Three Level Password Authentication System
  230. Question paper generator system
  231. Hotel Management Android Project
  232. Intelligent Tourist System Project
  233. Android Vehicle Tracking Application
  234. Software Piracy Protection Project
  235. Multi Coverage Broadcast
  236. Mobile Network Stability
  237. Attack Source Tracing Project
  238. Mobile Networks Load Balancing
  239. Graphical Password Strategy
  240. Android location alarm
  241. College Social Networking Web Project
  242. Voice Logger Software Project
  243. Digital Watermarking Project
  244. Improved Honeypot Project
  245. Internet Border Patrol
  246. Traffic Signal: Management & Control System
  247. Download accelerator
  248. Intelligent Chat Bot
  249. E-Governance project
  250. Detecting Data Leaks
  251. Android location alarm
  252. Gps Based Human Tracking
  253. Web Filtering Software
  254. Lan Messenger Software Project
  255. Student Examination Datacard
  256. Enhanced K-means algorithm
  257. Student Attendance System by Barcode Scan
  258. Student Attendance System By Qr Scan
  259. Hotel Reservation Android
  260. Festival Calendar System with Business Promotion
  261. Graphical Password By Image Segmentation
  262. Video Surveillance Project
  263. Image Mining Project
  264. Smart Health Consulting Project
  265. Farming Assistance Web Service
  266. Corporate Dashboard Project
  267. iPad Restaurant Application
  268. Detecting Edges Using Image Processor
  269. Mobile(location-based) Advertisement System
  270. SQL Injection Prevention Project
  271. Smart Health consulting system
  272. Wireless Data Handling And Management
  273. Android Anti-Virus Application
  274. Storage/Energy efficient Cloud Computing
  275. Cloud computing for Rural banking
  276. E-Learning Platform using Cloud Computing

Our developers constantly research on latest technologies to find various concepts that can be used as final year projects by computer science students. The above-listed projects are chosen as effective topics for computer science and computer engineering students. The topics are chosen by our developers and research team to help cse students choose desired topics for their final semester research & studies. Security Bonet has a variety of projects in Android, dotnet, Java, Matlab and other related technologies best suited for computer engineering branch students. Your search for the best final year project topic for b tech, as well as be final year, ends here. Don’t forget to keep checking this page from time to time, to get the latest innovative project topics and ideas from time to time. Our topics are constantly researched and updated on this page every week.

Information Security Projects

This section lists a list of innovative information security projects for students, researchers and engineers. These systems are selected by our experts to be most suitable information security topics for engineering students, engineers and researchers. Our systems are designed to help researchers and students in their studies and information security research. These topics contain a wide variety of ideas including encryption techniques, steganography as well as other software security techniques. Browse through our list of information security research topics below and select your desired project:


  1. SQL Injection Prevention System Php
  2. Encryption & Decryption Using Diffie Hellman Algorithm
  3. Secure Backup Software System
  4. Secure E-Learning Using Data Mining Techniques
  5. Android Video Encryption & Sharing
  6. Secure File Sharing Using Access Control
  7. Image Authentication Based On Watermarking Approach
  8. Digital Watermarking To Hide Text Messages
  9. Matrix Based Shoulder Surfing Security System
  10. Improved Session Password Based Security System
  11. Android Text Encryption Using Various Algorithms
  12. RFID Based Smart EVM For Reducing Electoral Frauds
  13. Secure Online Auction System
  14. School Security System (SSS) using RFID
  15. E Authentication System Using QR Code & OTP
  16. Secure Text Transfer Using Diffie Hellman Key Exchange Based on Cloud
  17. Android Based Encrypted SMS System
  18. Detecting Phishing Websites Using Machine Learning
  19. Secure Electronic Fund Transfer Over Internet Using DES
  20. Preventing Phishing Attack On Voting System Using Visual Cryptography
  21. Card Payment Security Using RSA
  22. Secure File Storage On Cloud Using Hybrid Cryptography
  23. ATM Detail Security Using Image Steganography
  24. Image Steganography Using K-means & Encryption
  25. Implementing Triple DES With OTP
  26. Fingerprint Authenticated Secure Android Notes
  27. Customized AES using Pad and Chaff Technique And Diffie Hellman Key Exchange
  28. Detecting Data Leaks via SQL Injection Prevention on an E-Commerce
  29. Cloud-Based Improved File Handling and Duplication Removal Using MD5
  30. Cloud-Based Student Information Chatbot Project
  31. Secure File Storage On Cloud Using Hybrid Cryptography
  32. Secure File Storage On Cloud Using Hybrid Cryptography
  33. Financial Status Analysis Using Credit Score Rating
  34. Hybrid Payment Security Model For E-Commerce
  35. Fingerprint Authenticated Secure Android Notes
  36. Data Duplication Removal Using File Checksum
  37. High-Security Encryption Using AES & Visual Cryptography
  38. A New Hybrid Technique For Data Encryption
  39. Extended AES with Custom Configurable Encryption
  40. Image Encryption Using AES Algorithm
  41. Image Encryption Using Triple DES
  42. Graphical Password To Avoid Shoulder Surfing
  43. Secure Data Transfer Over Internet Using Image Steganography
  44. Secure Electronic Fund Transfer Over Internet Using DES
  45. Smart Android Graphical Password Strategy
  46. Image Encryption For Secure Internet Transfer
  47. Image Encryption For Secure Internet Transfer
  48. Secure Remote Communication Using DES Algorithm
  49. Secure ATM Using Card Scanning Plus OTP
  50. Secure Lab Access Using Card Scanner Plus Face Recognition
  51. Active Chat Monitoring and Suspicious Chat Detection over Internet
  52. Credit Card Fraud Detection
  53. Remote User Recognition And Access Provision
  54. Collective Face Detection Project
  55. College automation project
  56. Automated Attendance System
  57. Mobile Attendance System Project
  58. Improved Data Leakage Detection
  59. Criminal Investigation Tracker with Suspect Prediction
  60. Facial Expression Recognition
  61. Graphical Password By Image Segmentation
  62. Android Anti-Virus Application
  63. Three Level Password Authentication System
  64. Attack Source Tracing Project
  65. Graphical Password Strategy
  66. Software Piracy Protection Project
  67. file encryption using Fibonacci series
  68. Hybrid AES DES encryption algorithm(any combination of algorithms is available)
  69. Internet Border Patrol
  70. Detecting Data Leaks
  71. Camera Motion Sensing Project
  72. Mobile Self Encryption
  73. Detecting Data Leaks
  74. SQL Injection Prevention Project
  75. Improved Honeypot Project
  76. Video Surveillance Project

The above-mentioned projects are researched by our developers and listed here to help students and researchers in their information security project research. These information security project ideas are innovative systems that are designed to improve software security using various security based algorithms. Get the widest list of topics for information security only at Security botnet.