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Immanuel Kant

Born

in Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany

April 22, 1724

Died

February 12, 1804

Genre

Philosophy, Politics, Social Sciences

Influences

Christian Wolff, Alexander Baumgarten, Plato, Aristotle, Sextus Empiri ...more

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Immanuel Kant was an 18th-century philosopher from Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He's regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe & of the late Enlightenment. His most important work is The Critique of Pure Reason, an investigation of reason itself. It encompasses an attack on traditional metaphysics & epistemology, & highlights his own contribution to these areas. Other main works of his maturity are The Critique of Practical Reason, which is about ethics, & The Critique of Judgment, about esthetics & teleology.

Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the so Immanuel Kant was an 18th-century philosopher from Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He's regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe & of the late Enlightenment. His most important work is The Critique of Pure Reason, an investigation of reason itself. It encompasses an attack on traditional metaphysics & epistemology, & highlights his own contribution to these areas. Other main works of his maturity are The Critique of Practical Reason, which is about ethics, & The Critique of Judgment, about esthetics & teleology.

Pursuing metaphysics involves asking questions about the ultimate nature of reality. Kant suggested that metaphysics can be reformed thru epistemology. He suggested that by understanding the sources & limits of human knowledge we can ask fruitful metaphysical questions. He asked if an object can be known to have certain properties prior to the experience of that object. He concluded that all objects that the mind can think about must conform to its manner of thought. Therefore if the mind can think only in terms of causality–which he concluded that it does–then we can know prior to experiencing them that all objects we experience must either be a cause or an effect. However, it follows from this that it's possible that there are objects of such a nature that the mind cannot think of them, & so the principle of causality, for instance, cannot be applied outside experience: hence we cannot know, for example, whether the world always existed or if it had a cause. So the grand questions of speculative metaphysics are off limits, but the sciences are firmly grounded in laws of the mind. Kant believed himself to be creating a compromise between the empiricists & the rationalists. The empiricists believed that knowledge is acquired thru experience alone, but the rationalists maintained that such knowledge is open to Cartesian doubt and that reason alone provides us with knowledge. Kant argues, however, that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to illusions, while experience will be purely subjective without first being subsumed under pure reason. Kant’s thought was very influential in Germany during his lifetime, moving philosophy beyond the debate between the rationalists & empiricists. The philosophers Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer saw themselves as correcting and expanding Kant's system, thus bringing about various forms of German Idealism. Kant continues to be a major influence on philosophy to this day, influencing both Analytic and Continental philosophy. ...more

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Immanuel Kant’s books

Average rating: 3.91 · 124,591 ratings · 5,292 reviews · 3,215 distinct works • Similar authors

	Critique of Pure Reason 3.96 avg rating — 44,422 ratings — published 1781 — 670 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant, Christine M. Korsgaard, Mary Gregor (Editor) 3.83 avg rating — 23,591 ratings — published 1785 — 659 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Critique of Practical Reason 3.94 avg rating — 12,112 ratings — published 1788 — 473 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Critique of Judgment 4.10 avg rating — 9,947 ratings — published 1790 — 95 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics 3.95 avg rating — 10,304 ratings — published 1783 — 2 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	An Answer to the Question: What Is Enlightenment? 3.82 avg rating — 3,330 ratings — published 1784 — 87 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	The Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant, Roger J. Sullivan, Mary J. Gregor (Editor) 3.94 avg rating — 2,839 ratings — published 1797 — 244 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Perpetual Peace by Immanuel Kant, Mary Campbell Smith (Translator) 3.59 avg rating — 3,105 ratings — published 1795 — 142 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Political Writings by Immanuel Kant, H.B. Nisbet (Translator), H.S. Reiss (Editor) 3.96 avg rating — 1,343 ratings — published 1797 — 17 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
	Perpetual Peace and Other Essays 3.84 avg rating — 1,379 ratings — published 1795 — 27 editions	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars

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Quotes by Immanuel Kant (?)

“We are not rich by what we possess but by what we can do without.”
― Immanuel Kant

tags: contentment, poverty, riches

1205 likes

“He who is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men. We can judge the heart of a man by his treatment of animals.”
― Emmanuel Kant

tags: animal-rights, cruelty, judge, morality, treatment

1021 likes

“Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end.”
― Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals/On a Supposed Right to Lie Because of Philanthropic Concerns

tags: act, humanity, means-to-an-end, morality

566 likes

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Polls

Which one is your favorite philosopher?

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Friedrich Nietzsche

101 votes, 8.9%

Albert Camus

74 votes, 6.5%

Karl Marx

63 votes, 5.6%

Soren Kierkegaard

49 votes, 4.3%

Ludwig Wittgenstein

46 votes, 4.1%

Aristotle

41 votes, 3.6%

Immanuel Kant

40 votes, 3.5%

Plato

38 votes, 3.4%

Marcus Aurelius

35 votes, 3.1%

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

32 votes, 2.8%

Gilles Deleuze (write-in)

32 votes, 2.8%

Jean-Paul Sartre

30 votes, 2.7%

cumdump (write-in)

29 votes, 2.6%

Thomas Aquinas

28 votes, 2.5%

yes (write-in)

27 votes, 2.4%

Arthur Schopenhauer (write-in)

26 votes, 2.3%

Fyodor dostoevsky (write-in)

25 votes, 2.2%

spinoza (write-in)

24 votes, 2.1%

Simone de Beauvoir

22 votes, 1.9%

René Descartes

20 votes, 1.8%

Augustine of Hippo

18 votes, 1.6%

Jesus of Nazareth (write-in)

18 votes, 1.6%

Martin Heidegger

17 votes, 1.5%

Socrates (write-in)

17 votes, 1.5%

David Hume

16 votes, 1.4%

Jordan Peterson (write-in)

15 votes, 1.3%

Jesus (write-in)

15 votes, 1.3%

Hannah Arendt

13 votes, 1.2%

Carl Jung (write-in)

12 votes, 1.1%

Epictetus (write-in)

11 votes, 1.0%

José Ortega y Gasset

10 votes, 0.9%

Ibn Sina (write-in)

10 votes, 0.9%

Bertrand Russell (write-in)

9 votes, 0.8%

Olavo de Carvalho

8 votes, 0.7%

Julius Evola (write-in)

8 votes, 0.7%

Simone Weil (write-in)

8 votes, 0.7%

Slavoj Zizek (write-in)

8 votes, 0.7%

Aristotle (write-in)

8 votes, 0.7%

Gilbert Keith Chesterton

7 votes, 0.6%

Sigmund Freud (write-in)

7 votes, 0.6%

Mário Ferreira dos Santos

6 votes, 0.5%

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6 votes, 0.5%

Buddha (write-in)

6 votes, 0.5%

Roger Scruton

5 votes, 0.4%

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (write-in)

5 votes, 0.4%

Michel Foucault (write-in)

5 votes, 0.4%

Nicholas Sparks (write-in)

4 votes, 0.4%

Charles Darwin (write-in)

4 votes, 0.4%

Ayn Rand (write-in)

4 votes, 0.4%

Kosov (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Serb (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Hypatia

3 votes, 0.3%

Maimonides (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Euclid (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Alfred Whitehead (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Edmund Husserl (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Judith Butler (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Niccoló Machiavelli

3 votes, 0.3%

Max Stirner (write-in)

3 votes, 0.3%

Eric Voegelin

2 votes, 0.2%

Rene Guenon (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Heraclitus (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

William James (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Thomas Hobbes (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Albert Einstein (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Francis Bacon (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Alan Watts (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Jacques Derrida (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Diogenes (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

immanuel kant (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Seneca (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

my dad :) (write-in)

2 votes, 0.2%

Michael Oakeshott

1 vote, 0.1%

John Dewey (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Henri Bergson (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

George Berkeley (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Teilhard de Chardin (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Parmenides (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Democritus (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Rudolf Carnap (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Lucretius (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Paul Preciado (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Karl Popper (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Julius Bahnsen (write-in)

1 vote, 0.1%

Joseph Campbell (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

Gottfried Leibniz (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

George Santayana (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

Voltaire (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

Jeremy Bentham (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

B. F. Skinner (write-in)

0 votes, 0.0%

1130 total votes

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Immanuel Kant

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