Innovation

Real consumer insight does not sit in market reports. It lives in everyday behaviour. I have always believed that if you want to understand the Indian consumer, you must walk the aisles, visit the kirana stores, and spend time in homes. The questions are simple: why did they choose this brand, what made them switch, what are their latest unsatisfied needs, what habit stopped them from trying something new. The answers are rarely written down. They are observed in the pauses, the hesitations, the way a hand reaches for one pack over another. India is a mosaic of markets. What sells in Chennai might fail in Chandigarh. A message that resonates in Delhi could fall flat in a tier-three town. Income, culture, and even climate shape choices. Unless you immerse yourself in these realities, your strategy risks being built on assumptions. The sharper your consumer insight, the stronger your competitive edge. Do not delegate consumer understanding to agencies or reports. Make it a personal discipline. Sit with retailers, shadow buyers, watch the trade. The real breakthroughs are found not in a meeting agenda, but in how people actually live, shop, and decide. #leadership #entrepreneurship #consumer #mindset

🚨 Introducing the AI Apps 50: Startup Edition Ever wondered how startups are spending their money when it comes to AI? Our team at Andreessen Horowitz worked with Mercury to crunch the numbers and rank the top applications by spend. The list + what we learned from it ⬇️ - Horizontal apps have a slight lead over vertical (60% of the list). This includes general assistants (ex. Perplexity) and SIX different meeting support tools (ex. Fyxer AI). But, it also encompasses creative tools and vibe coding tools that are used in roles across orgs. - Vertical apps can augment human labor...or replace it. We're mostly seeing the former - but five companies on the list allow customers to "hire AI" (ex. Crosby Legal, Cognition, 11x). Labor augmenters mostly assist with customer service, sales, and recruiting. - Vibe coding has landed in enterprises. It's not just a prosumer trend! Number three on the list, below OpenAI and Anthropic? Replit. Other listmakers in the category include Lovable and Emergent, while Cursor made the ranks for more technical users. - Products are making the consumer -> enterprise jump. 12 cos also appeared in our most recent Consumer AI Top 100 - almost all of which started out B2C and have migrated B2B over time. In fact, 70% of listmakers are available for individual use (no enterprise license needed)! Check out the full report: https://lnkd.in/gmMvfvSv

A promising Indian health-tech startup I invested in just shut down. Hard lessons inside… I invested in Onco back in 2020. It was basically an aggregator for cancer hospitals. Patients could visit their website or app, see all the hospitals and treatment options, get online consultations with doctors, and then choose where they wanted to get treated. They raised over $7 million from top investors like Accel, Chiratae, and others. They also built a strong brand. At their peak, they had 25,000+ visitors and over 1000 unique leads (cancer patients) every month - all organic, across their website, app, and social channels. We really thought hospitals would see the value in owning or partnering with a brand like this. But it didn’t work out that way. I’m sharing some lessons I learned watching this journey. Might be useful for founders (and investors) trying to crack India’s healthcare market: 1. Hospitals in India hold all the power. If you’re trying to aggregate them, you’re basically at their mercy. They will delay payments, ignore contracts, and squeeze every bit of margin out of you. They don’t really need you. Your margins get eaten alive by collections and compliance costs. 2. Digital only healthcare sounds great in pitch decks, but it doesn’t work here yet. People don’t pay enough for online-only services. Digital is great for leads, but it can’t be your whole business. Unit economics just don’t work with digital-only solutions because of low ARPU. 3. Offline is necessary. And brutally capital-intensive. Healthcare in India is still very much offline. Patients want to see a real centre and talk to doctors in person. Building those offline centres isn’t cheap. Each one takes at least 12–24 months to break even. You need serious money upfront. If you can’t fund that, you’re stuck. So, if you are building an aggregator only business in Indian healthcare, think twice. If you don’t have strong answers for these challenges, you’re just setting yourself up to be a middleman with no leverage, no margins, and no way out. That’s business suicide. #HarshRealities

#Batteries are starting to dominate the evening peak in California's grid, charging up with daytime solar then discharging as solar ramps down. On 5th April they set another new record for share of supply, peaking at over 34% at 7pm. This represents a rapid progression - two years ago the record was just 13%. And they remained the largest source of supply on the grid from 6:35pm until 9:40pm. As more and more battery storage enters the mix, batteries will continue to play an increasing role in the state's grid, and continue to break more records. They are flexible and extremely quick to respond. By charging in the middle of the day they are soaking up excess solar and are then putting this to good use later, reducing the need for gas and imports in the nighttime hours. From just 0.5 GW in 2018, by late 2024 California already had over 13 GW of battery storage capacity, with more on the way. While that may sound like a lot, there is still some way to go with the California Energy Commission estimating the state will need around 52 GW of battery storage to meet it's 2045 target of getting all its power from carbon-free sources. Batteries will play an important role in the decarbonised grid of the future. As prices continue to fall we will see more and more batteries deployed, and are certainly seeing this happen in Australia - especially Western Australia. We are just on the cusp of much more widespread adoption. Onwards and upwards! #energy #sustainability #renewables #energytransition

We reviewed 800+ health startups in India this year. Met 200+ founders in person. These are entrepreneurs building across health tech, fitness, nutrition, software for doctors, diagnostics, healthy food, longevity, sports, elder care, women health, lifestyle management & more. This is a long post on everything we've seen and observed in 2024 at Rainmatter by Zerodha. If you're an entrepreneur, investor of health enthusiast, this is for you. 1) There is a telemedicine fatigue- The post-pandemic boom in telemedicine has plateaued. While accessibility improved, sustainable consumer engagement still remains a challenge due to weak doctor-patient relationship and lack of differentiation. Patients want emotional and personalised engagement. Most companies are overusing AI in the disguise of scale. Opportunity is to solve for depth (chronic disease management) rather than breadth (generic consultation marketplaces). 2) Overload of premium fitness and wellness Apps- Apps targeting high-income urban users are oversaturated. Most startups overestimate the willingness of users to pay for digital fitness content. Opportunity is to focus on communities, hybrid models (offline + online), or affordable mass-market solutions. India is still not ready for Peloton content. We breathe YouTube. 3) Selling SaaS tools to Doctors- Doctors in India are notoriously price-sensitive. Most SaaS products fail due to limited willingness to adopt technology and low ROI visibility. Maybe companies should emphasise on simplicity and immediate value delivery. Job of a Doctor is to deliver treatment to patients and not learn how to use software. Need to humanise software in primary and secondary health care 4) Longevity buzz- Longevity startups sound exciting but cater to a niche. Everyone loves the idea of a pill or device that adds 50 years to life. But longevity is 80% lifestyle and 20% intervention. Startups chasing the 20% often overpromise and underdeliver. Without a strong clinical base or mass appeal, they will remain limited to aspirational urban elites. Opportunity is in integrating into broader wellness solutions rather than standalone ventures 5) Healthy food & nutrition- Overcrowding of “healthy snacks” and “superfoods” where differentiation is low and margins are squeezed by Quick commerce and logistics. Maybe companies should move beyond buzzwords like “organic” or “keto” and solve for authentic, local, and culturally aligned nutrition. India is a country of a million palates 6) Chronic disease management- Diabetes, hypertension, Weight loss and mental health requires long-term engagement and behaviour modification. While the space is competitive, there is room for solutions that prioritise patient journeys and retention over time. Driving outcome has to be the focus. Everything else is a vanity feature that doesn’t earn trust. Paid marketing will get expensive customers who won’t stick around Sharing the remaining notes in the comments section. Read below

This year’s World Intellectual Property Indicators (WIPI) report reveals an important trend: demand for IP rights is climbing, despite economic uncertainties. Patent applications hit an all-time high of 3.55 million last year – the fourth consecutive year of growth. Leading the way are innovators in China, the Republic of Korea, the US, Japan and India, who are the main growth drivers. Design filings also rebounded in 2023, up 2.8% to 1.52 million. In contrast, trademarks saw a slight dip, totaling 11.6 million applications covering 15.2 million classes – a 2% decline, but one notably less severe than last year, signaling potential stabilization in global trademark demand. What else stands out? One recurring takeaway is the increasingly global nature of innovation. India, for example, saw an impressive 15.7% growth in patent filings, continuing a five-year streak of double-digit increases. Large rises were also recorded by residents of Algeria, Finland, Indonesia, Poland and Saudi Arabia. It is no different in trademarks and designs. For trademarks, high growth rates were recorded in Mexico, Indonesia and Brazil, with Indonesia and India recording the sharpest increases in designs. Overall, Asian IP Offices now account for around 70% of global patent, trademark and design filings – a significant shift from just 10 years ago. Another interesting finding is the rise of resident, or domestic, filings. Historically, resident filings have dominated the trademark and design landscapes (making up around 84% and 82% of filings respectively in 2023). Last year, they resumed their position as the main driver of patent growth as well, with resident filings increasing by 4.9% and non-resident filings decreasing by 2.2%. The report also sheds new light on major tech trends. From an already high base, patent applications in computer technology continue to accelerate, now accounting for 12.4% of all filings. In 2023, the research and technology sector also attracted the largest filing volumes by applicants seeking trademark protection abroad. While growth in many areas is encouraging, a core challenge remains: translating IP filings into game-changing products and services that improve our world. This is the ultimate measure of success and the process that will not only drive new waves of innovation, but also growth and development worldwide. More: https://lnkd.in/evg9C5vp #WIPO #WIPI24 #IntellectualProperty

Data Integration Revolution: ETL, ELT, Reverse ETL, and the AI Paradigm Shift In recents years, we've witnessed a seismic shift in how we handle data integration. Let's break down this evolution and explore where AI is taking us: 1. ETL: The Reliable Workhorse      Extract, Transform, Load - the backbone of data integration for decades. Why it's still relevant: • Critical for complex transformations and data cleansing • Essential for compliance (GDPR, CCPA) - scrubbing sensitive data pre-warehouse • Often the go-to for legacy system integration 2. ELT: The Cloud-Era Innovator Extract, Load, Transform - born from the cloud revolution. Key advantages: • Preserves data granularity - transform only what you need, when you need it • Leverages cheap cloud storage and powerful cloud compute • Enables agile analytics - transform data on-the-fly for various use cases Personal experience: Migrating a financial services data pipeline from ETL to ELT cut processing time by 60% and opened up new analytics possibilities. 3. Reverse ETL: The Insights Activator The missing link in many data strategies. Why it's game-changing: • Operationalizes data insights - pushes warehouse data to front-line tools • Enables data democracy - right data, right place, right time • Closes the analytics loop - from raw data to actionable intelligence Use case: E-commerce company using Reverse ETL to sync customer segments from their data warehouse directly to their marketing platforms, supercharging personalization. 4. AI: The Force Multiplier AI isn't just enhancing these processes; it's redefining them: • Automated data discovery and mapping • Intelligent data quality management and anomaly detection • Self-optimizing data pipelines • Predictive maintenance and capacity planning Emerging trend: AI-driven data fabric architectures that dynamically integrate and manage data across complex environments. The Pragmatic Approach: In reality, most organizations need a mix of these approaches. The key is knowing when to use each: • ETL for sensitive data and complex transformations • ELT for large-scale, cloud-based analytics • Reverse ETL for activating insights in operational systems AI should be seen as an enabler across all these processes, not a replacement. Looking Ahead: The future of data integration lies in seamless, AI-driven orchestration of these techniques, creating a unified data fabric that adapts to business needs in real-time. How are you balancing these approaches in your data stack? What challenges are you facing in adopting AI-driven data integration?

Louder for the people at the back 🎤 Many organisations today seem to have shifted from being institutions that develop great talent to those that primarily seek ready-made talent. This trend overlooks the immense value of individuals who, despite lacking experience, possess a great attitude, commitment, and a team-oriented mindset. These qualities often outweigh the drawbacks of hiring experienced individuals with a fixed and toxic mindset. The best organisations attract talent with their best years ahead of them, focusing on potential rather than past achievements. Let’s be clear this is more about mindset and willingness to learn and unlearn as apposed to age. To realise the incredible potential return, organisations must commit to creating an environment where continuous development is possible. This requires a multi-faceted approach: 1. Robust Training Programmes: Employers should invest in comprehensive training programmes that equip employees with the necessary skills for their roles. This includes on-the-job training, mentorship programmes, online courses, and workshops. 2. Redefining Hiring Criteria: Organisations should revise their hiring criteria to focus more on candidates’ potential and willingness to learn rather than solely on prior experience or formal qualifications. Behavioural interviews, aptitude tests, and probationary periods can help assess a candidate's ability to learn and adapt. 3. Partnerships with Educational Institutions: Companies can collaborate with educational institutions to design curricula that align with industry needs. Apprenticeship programmes, internships, and cooperative education can bridge the gap between academic learning and practical job skills. 4. Lifelong Learning Culture: Encouraging a culture of lifelong learning within organisations is crucial. Employers should provide ongoing education opportunities and support for professional development. This includes continuous skills assessment and access to resources for upskilling and reskilling. 5. Inclusive Recruitment Practices: Employers should implement inclusive recruitment practices that remove biases and barriers. Blind recruitment, diversity quotas, and targeted outreach programmes can help ensure that diverse candidates are given a fair chance. By implementing these measures, organisations can develop a workforce that is adaptable, innovative, and resilient, ensuring sustainable success and growth.

Should you try Google’s famous “20% time” experiment to encourage innovation? We tried this at Duolingo years ago. It didn’t work. It wasn’t enough time for people to start meaningful projects, and very few people took advantage of it because the framework was pretty vague. I knew there had to be other ways to drive innovation at the company. So, here are 3 other initiatives we’ve tried, what we’ve learned from each, and what we're going to try next. 💡 Innovation Awards: Annual recognition for those who move the needle with boundary-pushing projects. The upside: These awards make our commitment to innovation clear, and offer a well-deserved incentive to those who have done remarkable work. The downside: It’s given to individuals, but we want to incentivize team work. What’s more, it’s not necessarily a framework for coming up with the next big thing. 💻 Hackathon: This is a good framework, and lots of companies do it. Everyone (not just engineers) can take two days to collaborate on and present anything that excites them, as long as it advances our mission or addresses a key business need. The upside: Some of our biggest features grew out of hackathon projects, from the Duolingo English Test (born at our first hackathon in 2013) to our avatar builder. The downside: Other than the time/resource constraint, projects rarely align with our current priorities. The ones that take off hit the elusive combo of right time + a problem that no other team could tackle. 💥 Special Projects: Knowing that ideal equation, we started a new program for fostering innovation, playfully dubbed DARPA (Duolingo Advanced Research Project Agency). The idea: anyone can pitch an idea at any time. If they get consensus on it and if it’s not in the purview of another team, a cross-functional group is formed to bring the project to fruition. The most creative work tends to happen when a problem is not in the clear purview of a particular team; this program creates a path for bringing these kinds of interdisciplinary ideas to life. Our Duo and Lily mascot suits (featured often on our social accounts) came from this, as did our Duo plushie and the merch store. (And if this photo doesn't show why we needed to innovate for new suits, I don't know what will!) The biggest challenge: figuring out how to transition ownership of a successful project after the strike team’s work is done. 👀 What’s next? We’re working on a program that proactively identifies big picture, unassigned problems that we haven’t figured out yet and then incentivizes people to create proposals for solving them. How that will work is still to be determined, but we know there is a lot of fertile ground for it to take root. How does your company create an environment of creativity that encourages true innovation? I'm interested to hear what's worked for you, so please feel free to share in the comments! #duolingo #innovation #hackathon #creativity #bigideas

I think about decisions in three ways: hats, haircuts, and tattoos. Most decisions are like hats. Try one and if you don’t like it, put it back and try another. The cost of a mistake is low, so move quickly and try a bunch of hats. Some decisions are like haircuts. You can fix a bad one, but it won’t be quick and you might feel foolish for awhile. That said, don't be scared of a bad haircut. Trying something new is usually a risk worth taking. If it doesn't work out, by this time next year you will have moved on and so will everyone else. A few decisions are like tattoos. Once you make them, you have to live with them. Some mistakes are irreversible. Maybe you'll move on for a moment, but then you'll glance in the mirror and be reminded of that choice all over again. Even years later, the decision leaves a mark. When you're dealing with an irreversible choice, move slowly and think carefully.