Ace Achievers
4
Dental Academy
DEEP STRUCTURE OF NECK (SOLUTIONS)
GLANDS OF HEAD & NECK
THYROID
1. Ans. is A (Thyrocervical trunk)
Exp.: Arterial supply of the thyroid:
• Superior thyroid artery - Branch of external carotid artery
• Inferior thyroid artery - Branch of Thyrocervical trunk
• Thyroidea ima artery - From the brachioceohalic trunk or arch of aorta
2. Ans. is C (Parathyroid artery is a branch of posterior division of superior thyroid artery)
Exp.: Parathyroid artery is a branch of inferior thyroid artery (not of superior thyroid artery).
3. Ans. is C (Brachiocephalic vein)
Exp.: Venous drainage of the thyroid:
1. Superior thyroid vein - Drains into Internal jugular vein.
2. Middle thyroid vein - Drains into internal jugular vein.
3. Inferior thyroid vein - Drains into Left brachiocephalic vein.
4. Fourth thyroid vein of Kocher - Drains into internal jugular vein.
4. Ans. is B (Inferior thyroid artery)
Exp.:
• The terminal part of the inferior thyroid artery is related to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
• The superior thyroid artery is closely related to the external laryngeal nerve.
5. Ans. is B (Recurrent laryngeal)
Exp.:
Blood supply of thyroid
Artery Branch of Related to Remark
Superior thyroid External carotid. External During thyroidectomy superior
laryngeal N. thyroid artery is ligated close to
upper pole of gland to avoid injury to
external laryngeal nerve.
Inferior thyroid Thyrocervical trunk Recurrent During thyroidectomy inferior
laryngeal N. thyroid artery is ligated away from
the lower pole to avoid injury to
recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Lowest thyroid A. Brachiocephalic
(thyroid ima) trunk or Aorta
Accessory thyroid Tracheal &
esophageal arteries
6. Ans. is B (External laryngeal nerve)
7. Ans. is A (2nd to fourth)
Exp.: The isthmus extends from the second to the fourth tracheal ring.
8. Ans. is D (C7)
Exp.: Isthmus is at C7 level.
9. Ans. is B (Cricoid cartilage)
Exp.: Ligament of berry connects thyroid lobe to cricoid cartilage.
10. Ans. is C (Deep cervical nodes)
Exp.: Lymph from the upper part of the gland reaches the upper deep cervical lymph nodes either directly
or through the prelaryngeal nodes.
Lymph from the lower part of the gland drains to the lower deep cervical nodes directly, and also through
the pretracheal and paratracheal nodes.
PARATHYROID GLANDS
11. Ans. is D (4)
Exp.: Parathyroid gland, 4 in number (a superior pair and an inferior pair) are located on the posterier
border of thyroid gland.
12. Ans. is C (3rd)
Exp.:
• Superior parathyroid→ 4th arch.
• Inferior parathyroid→ 3rd arch.
13. Ans. is D (Inferior thyroid)
Exp.: Each parathyroid receives blood supply from inferior thyroid artery, and also from the anastomosis
between superior and inferior thyroid arteries.
PITUITARY & PINEAL GLANDS
14. Ans. is C (Rathke's pouch)
Exp.: Anterior pituitary develops from Rathke's pouch. Posterior pituitary develops from infundibulum.
15. Ans. is C (Neurohypophysis)
Exp.: The derivatives of Rathke's pouch give rise to the various components of the anterior pituitary (i)
Anterior lobe, (ii) Pars tuberalis, (iii) Pars distalis and (iv) Pars intermedia.
16. Ans. is B (Neurohypophysis)
Exp.:
• Herring bodies or neurosecretory bodies are structures found in the posterior pituitary. They represent
the terminal end of the axons from the hypothalamus, and hormones are temporarily stored in these
locations.
• They are neurosecretory terminals.
• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are both stored in Herring bodies but are not stored
simultaneously in the same Herring body.
17. Ans. is B (Superior hypophyseal veins to ventricular tanycytes)
Exp.: There are three routes for venous drainage of neurohypophysis:
• To adenohypophysis via long and short portal vessels.
• Into dural venous sinuses via inferior hypophyseal veins.
• To hypothalamus via capillaries passing to median eminence.
18. Ans. is C (Pineal)
Exp.: Corpora arenacea (or brain sand) are calcified structures in Pineal gland and other areas of brain
such as choroid plexus.
