Network Topology

TOPIC
Network Topology
Course: Computer Networks
MD. Saylab
Id. 1834902547
CSE Department
City University

Topology
What is topology?
Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components are
interconnected to each other. There are two kind of topology
• Physical
• Logical
Types of network topology.
1. BUS Topology
2. Ring Topology
3. Tree Topology
4. Star Topology
5. Mesh Topology
6. Hybrid Topology
BUS:
A bus topology is a topology for a local area network (LAN) in which all the nodes are
connected to signal cable. The cable to which the nodes connect is called a backbone.
If the backbone is broken, the entire segment fails. Bus topology are relatively easy
to install and don’t require much cabling compared to the alternatives.
Advantage of the BUS Topology:
1. It is the easiest network topology for connecting peripherals or computers in a
linear fashion.
2. It works very efficient well where there is a small network.
3. Length of cable required is less than a star topology
4. It is easy to connect or remove devices in this network without affecting any
other device.
5. Easy to explain by joining the two cables together.
Disadvantages of BUS Topology:
1. Bus topology is noy great for large networks
2. Troubleshooting of individual device issues is very hard.
3. Need of terminators are required at both ends of main cable.
4. Package loss is high.
RING:
A ring topology is a topology for a local area network in which every device has
exactly two neighbors for communication purposes.

Advantage of Ring Topology:
1. In this data flows in one direction which reduces the chance of packet collision.
2. Equal access to resources.
3. There is no need of server to control the connectivity among the nodes in the
topology.
4. It is cheap to install and expand.
5. Minimum collision.
Disadvantages of Ring Topology:
1. Due to the Uni-directional, a data packet must have to pass through all the
nodes.
2. If one workstation shuts down. It affects whole network or if a node goes down.
3. It is slower in performance as compared to the bus topology.
4. It is expensive.
TREE:
In Tree Topology all the computers are connected like the branches of a tree. In
computer networking tree is known as combination of a bus and star network
topology. The main advantages of this topology are better flexibility and scalability.
Advantage of Tree Topology:
1. This topology is the combination of bus and star topology.
2. This topology provides a hierarchical as well as central data arrangement of
the nodes.
3. As the leaf nodes can add one or more nodes in the hierarchical chain, this
topology provides high scalability.
4. A callable topology. Leaf nodes can hold more nodes.
5. Supported by several hardware and software vendors.
Disadvantages of Tree Topology:
1. This network is very difficult to configure as command to the other network
topologies.
2. Length of a segment is limited & the limit of the segment depends on the type
of cabling used.
3. Requires large number of cables compared to star and ring topology.
4. As the data needs to travel from the central cable this creates dense network
traffic.

STAR:
A star topology is topology for a local area network in which all nodes are individually
connected to a central connection point like a hub or a switch. A star takes more
cable than a bus but the benefit is that if a cable fails only one node will be brought
down.
Advantage of Star Topology:
1. It is very reliable – if one cable or device fails then all the other will still work.
2. It is high – performing as no data collision can occur.
3. Easier to put in.
4. Robust in nature.
5. Easy fault detection because the link is often easily identified.
Disadvantages of Star Topology:
1. Requires more cable than a linear bus.
2. More expensive than linear bus topology due to the value of the connection
devices.
3. If hub goes down everything goes down, none of the devices can work without
hub.
4. Hub requires more resources and regular maintains because it’s the centra
system of star.
5. Extra hardware is required which adds to cost.
MESH:
In mesh topology all the computers are inter-connected to each other in a network.
Each computer not only sends its own signals but also relays data from other
computers.
There are two kind of mesh topology:
1. Fully connected mesh topology.
2. Partially connected mesh topology.
Fully connected:
A fully connected mesh topology has all the computers connected to every other
computer. Full mesh is a network in which devices are organized in a mesh topology.
Full mesh network is used for only backbone networks.
Partially connected:
Partial mesh topology is more practical as compared to full mesh topology. In partially
connected mesh topology, all the nodes are not necessary to be connected with each
other in a network.

To find the no of physical links in a fully connected mesh topology with n nodes, we
first consider that each node must be connected to every other node.
• N(n-1) for half duplex communication.
• N(n-1) for full duplex communication.
Advantage of Mesh Topology:
1. There is no traffic problem as there are dedicated point to point links for each
computer.
2. It has multiple links, so if one route is blocked the other can be accessed for
data communication.
3. It provides high privacy and security.
4. Fault identification is very easy because of point-to-point connection.
Disadvantage of Mesh topology:
1. Mesh topology requires high no. of cables and I/o ports for the communication.
2. Installation is very difficult in mesh topology as each node is connected to
every node.
3. Mesh topology is costly compared to the other network topology.
HYBRID:
A hybrid topology is kind of network topology that is a combination of two or more
network topologies such as mesh topology, bus topology and ring topology.
Advantage of Hybrid topology:
1. Hybrid network combines the benefits of different types of topologies.
2. Can be modified as per requirement.
3. It is extremely flexible.
4. It is very reliable.
5. It is easily scalable.
Disadvantage of Hybrid Topology:
1. It is expensive.
2. The deign of a hybrid network is complex.
3. Hardware changes are required in order to connect topology to another
topology.

Network Topology

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