Xenophoridae

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.

Description

Xenophoridae, commonly called carrier shells, is a family of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophoridae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 4.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	7055	https://www.gbif.org/species/7055
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	62877	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=62877

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Xenophoridae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Xenophoridae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
superorder	Hypsogastropoda
infraorder	Littorinimorpha	Golikov and Starobogtov 1975
superfamily	Xenophoroidea	Troschel 1852
family	Xenophoridae	Troschel 1852

Common Name

carrier shell

Scientific Name

Xenophoridae

Name Published In

Handb. Conchyliol. Malacozool., 1853: 185

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Taenioglossa	stated without evidence	Martin, 1904
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Strombacea	stated with evidence	Gliozzi and Malatesta, 1983
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Calyptraeacea	stated without evidence	Squires, 1984
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Mesogastropoda	stated without evidence	Squires, 1988
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Xenophoroidea	stated with evidence	Ponder and Warén, 1988
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Xenophoroidea	implied	Beesley, 1998
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Caenogastropoda	stated without evidence	Wienrich, 2001
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Xenophoroidea	stated with evidence	Todd, 2001
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Xenophoroidea	stated without evidence	Harzhauser and Mandic, 2001
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Stromboidea	stated without evidence	Harzhauser, 2007
Xenophoridae	family	belongs to Xenophoroidea	stated without evidence	Landau and Marques da Silva, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

20 (40%)

First Recorded Appearance

101 - 94 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Motility

actively mobile

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

grazer

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: Grazer on fine-grained substrates according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. L. Beesley. 1998. Mollusca: the southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia 5

Common Name(s)

Lastträgerschnecken, Carrier Shells, Carrier Snails, クマサカガイ, Carrier Shell

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophoridae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Acanthoxenophora ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Austrophora genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Onustus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	31	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Stellaria genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Xenophora genus	listed (PBDB)	414	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Xenophora ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	64	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Onustidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Onustidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1852	Xenophoridae Troschel
1904	Xenophoridae Martin p. 251
1983	Xenophoridae Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 101
1984	Xenophoridae Squires p. 21
1988	Xenophoridae Ponder and Warén p. 300
1988	Xenophoridae Squires p. 11
1998	Xenophoridae Beesley p. 776

Year	Name and Author
2001	Xenophoridae Harzhauser and Mandic p. 699
2001	Xenophoridae Todd
2001	Xenophoridae Wienrich p. 420
2004	Xenophoridae Harzhauser p. 130
2005	Xenophoridae Bouchet et al. p. 253
2007	Xenophoridae Harzhauser p. 104
2010	Xenophoridae Landau and Marques da Silva p. 32

References

Beesley P. L. (1998) Mollusca: the southern synthesis, Fauna of Australia 5

Martin G. C. (1904) Gastropoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 131-269

Gliozzi E., Malatesta A. (1983) I molluschi del Paleocene di Baixa Chinhauanine nel bacino del Rio Massintonto (Maputo - Mozambico), Geologica Romana 22, 85-145

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Ponder W. F., Warén A. (1988) Appendix: classification of the Caenogastropoda and Heterostropha - a list of the family-group names and higher taxa, Malacological Review Suppl. 4, 288-326

Squires R. L. (1988) Eocene Macropaleontology of Northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 398, 1-23

Harzhauser M., Mandic O. (2001) Late Oligocene gastropods and bivalves from the Lower and Upper Austrian Molasse Basin, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schriftenreihe der Erdwissenschaftlichen Komimissionen 14, 671-795

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Wienrich G. (2001) Die Fauna des marinen Miozäns von Kevelaer (Niederrhein), Gastropoda bis Cancellariidae 3, 385-639

Harzhauser M. (2004) Oligocene gastropod faunas for the Eastern Mediterranean (Mesohellenic Trough/Greece and Esfahan-Sirjan Basin/Central Iran), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 248, 93-181

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P, et al (2005) A nomenclator and classification of gastropod family-group names, Malacologia 47 1-2, 1-368

Harzhauser M. (2007) Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific., Palaeontographica Abteilung A 280, 75-121

Landau B., Marques da Silva C. (2010) Early Pliocene gastropods of Cubagua, Venezuela: Taxonomy, palaeobiogeography and ecostratigraphy, Palaeontos 19, 1-221

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526. - via World Register of Marine Species

Ponder W.F. (1983). A revision of the Recent Xenophoridae of the World and of the Australian Fossil Species (Mollusca : Gastropoda). Memoir 17. The Australian Museum Sydney, Australia. - via World Register of Marine Species

Kreipl K. & Alf A. (1999). Recent Xenophoridae. Conchbooks, Hackenheim > Germany. 148pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Manganelli G., Spadini V. & Cianfanelli S. 2003. The xenophorid gastropods of the Mediterranean Pliocene: the record of the Siena Basin. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 43(3): 409-451 - via World Register of Marine Species

Troschel F.H. (1852). Bericht über die Leistungen im Gebiete in der Naturgeschichte der Mollusken während des Jahres 1851. Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 18(2): 257-307. - via World Register of Marine Species

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia. 47(1-2): 1-397. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 715 Xenophoridae Philippi, 1853 (Gastropoda): added to the Official List of Family-group Names in Zoology.Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 21, 417-419 (1964) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

版权所有© mindat.org1993年至2026年，除了规定的地方。 Mindat.org全赖于全球数千个以上成员和支持者们的参与。
Content on this site may not be used to train, fine-tune, or otherwise develop artificial intelligence or machine learning models without prior written permission - see our Terms & Conditions.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
隐私政策 - 条款和条款细则 - 联络我们 - Report a bug/vulnerability 当前服务器日期和时间: 2026.11.1 13:26:32 页面生成: 2025.8.31 11:08:15

Go to top of page