Scaphander

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	12007	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=12007

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Cylichnidae : Scaphander

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
order	Opisthobranchia
order	Cephalaspidea	Fischer 1883
superfamily	Philinoidea	Gray 1850
family	Cylichnidae	Adams 1850
genus	Scaphander	Monfort 1810

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Scaphander	subgenus	belongs to Bulla	stated with evidence	Martin, 1879
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Scaphandridae	stated with evidence	Woodring, 1928
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Scaphanderidae	stated without evidence	Turner, 1938
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Scaphandridae	stated with evidence	MacNeil, 1960
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Scaphandridae	stated without evidence	Sohl, 1964
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Scaphandridae	stated with evidence	Abbass, 1967
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Scaphandridae	stated without evidence	Addicott, 1970
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Cylichnidae	stated without evidence	Squires, 1984
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Scaphandridae	stated with evidence	Frassinetti and Covacevich, 1995
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Cylichnidae	stated with evidence	Harzhauser and Mandic, 2001
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Cephalaspida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Cylichnidae	stated without evidence	Wienrich and Janssen, 2007
Scaphander	genus	belongs to Scaphandridae	stated without evidence	Nielson and Valdovinos, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (15%)

First Recorded Appearance

101 - 94 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Motility

actively mobile (based on Cylichnidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Cylichnidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Scaphander (Mirascapha) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Scaphander (Scaphander) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	10	37.2 Ma Eocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Bulla (Scaphander) elegans ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Scaphander alaskensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Scaphander brevicula ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Scaphander costatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	48	89.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	41.3 Ma Eocene
Scaphander impunctatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	14	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Scaphander interruptus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Scaphander javanus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	5	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Scaphander jugularis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	8	28.1 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Scaphander nannus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Scaphander oligoturritus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Scaphander polysarcus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	59.2 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Scaphander radii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Scaphander rarus species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Scaphander remondi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	5	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Scaphander stewarti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	21	38.0 Ma Eocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Scaphander washingtonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	41.3 Ma Eocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1810	Scaphander Monfort
1879	Bulla (Scaphander) Martin p. 85
1928	Scaphander Woodring p. 126
1938	Scaphander Turner p. 67
1944	Scaphander Durham p. 189
1960	Scaphander MacNeil p. 128
1964	Scaphander Olsson p. 73
1964	Scaphander Sohl p. 299
1967	Scaphander Abbass p. 124
1970	Scaphander Addicott p. 139
1976	Scaphander Moore p. 41

Year	Name and Author
1980	Scaphander Hickman p. 81
1984	Scaphander Squires p. 39
1987	Scaphander Squires p. 53
1992	Scaphander Squires and Demetrion p. 34
1995	Scaphander Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 64
2001	Scaphander Harzhauser and Mandic p. 717
2001	Scaphander Todd
2002	Scaphander Sepkoski, Jr.
2007	Scaphander Wienrich and Janssen p. 776
2008	Scaphander Nielson and Valdovinos p. 210

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Woodring W. P. (1928) Miocene Molluscs from Bowden, Jamaica. Part 2: Gastropods and discussion of results, Contributions to the Geology and Palaeontology of the West Indies

Turner F. E. (1938) Stratigraphy and Mollusca of the Eocene of western Oregon, Geological Society of America Special Paper 10, 1-130

Durham J. W. (1944) Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27, 101 -212

MacNeil F. S. (1960) Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda of Okinawa: A comparison of the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene Gastropoda of Okinawa with related faunas of East Asia together with a resume of the geological setting of the fossiliferous deposits, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 339, 1-148

Olsson A. A. (1964) , Neogene Mollusks From Northwestern Ecuador

Sohl N. F. (1964) Neogastropoda, Opisthobranchia, and Basommatophora from the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff Formations, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 331 B, 153-344

Abbass H. L. (1967) A monograph on the Egyptian Paleocene and Eocene gastropods, United Arab Republic, Geological Survey-Geological Museum, Palaeontological Series, Monograph 4, 1-154

Addicott W.O. (1970) Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642, 1-172

Moore E. J. (1976) Oligocene marine mollusks from the Pittsburg Bluff Formation in Oregon, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 922, 1-66

Hickman C. S. (1980) Paleogene Marine Gastropods of the Keasey Formation in Oregon, Bulletins of American Paleontology 78 310, 1-112

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Squires R. L., Demetrion R. A. (1992) Paleontology of the Eocene Bateque Formation, Baja California Sur, Mexico, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 434, 1-55

Frassinetti D., Covacevich V (1995) Moluscos del Plioceno Superior marino de Isla Guamblín Archípelago de los Chonos, sur de Chile, Revista Geológica de Chile 22 1, 47-73

Harzhauser M., Mandic O. (2001) Late Oligocene gastropods and bivalves from the Lower and Upper Austrian Molasse Basin, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schriftenreihe der Erdwissenschaftlichen Komimissionen 14, 671-795

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Wienrich G., Janssen R. (2007) Die Fauna des marinen Miozäns von Kevelaer (Niederrhein). Band 4 Gastropoda ab Mitridae, Backhuys Publishers BV Leiden 4, 643-954

Nielson S. N., Valdovinos C. (2008) Early Pleistocene mollusks of the Tubul Formation, south-central Chile, The Nautilus 122 4, 201-216

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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