五种常用距离的代码实现：欧式距离、曼哈顿距离、闵可夫斯基距离、余弦相似度、杰卡德距离

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from math import*
from decimal import Decimal
 
class Similarity():
 
    """ Five similarity measures function """
 
	def euclidean_distance(self,x,y):
	# 欧式距离
	 
	        """ return euclidean distance between two lists """
	 
	        return sqrt(sum(pow(a-b,2) for a, b in zip(x, y)))
	 
	def manhattan_distance(self,x,y):
	# 曼哈顿距离
	 
	        """ return manhattan distance between two lists """
	 
	        return sum(abs(a-b) for a,b in zip(x,y))
	 
	def minkowski_distance(self,x,y,p_value):
	# 闵可夫斯基距离
	 
	        """ return minkowski distance between two lists """
	 
	        return self.nth_root(sum(pow(abs(a-b),p_value) for a,b in zip(x, y)),
	           p_value)
	 
	def nth_root(self,value, n_root):
	# 开n次方
	 
	        """ returns the n_root of an value """
	 
	        root_value = 1/float(n_root)
	        return round (Decimal(value) ** Decimal(root_value),3)
	 
	def cosine_similarity(self,x,y):
	# 余弦相似度
	 
	        """ return cosine similarity between two lists """
	 
	        numerator = sum(a*b for a,b in zip(x,y))
	        denominator = self.square_rooted(x)*self.square_rooted(y)
	        return round(numerator/float(denominator),3)
	 
	def square_rooted(self,x):
	# 平方根距离
	 
	        """ return 3 rounded square rooted value """
	 
	        return round(sqrt(sum([a*a for a in x])),3)
	 
	def jaccard_similarity(self,x,y):
	# 杰卡德距离
	 
	    """ returns the jaccard similarity between two lists """
	 
	        intersection_cardinality = len(set.intersection(*[set(x), set(y)]))
	        union_cardinality = len(set.union(*[set(x), set(y)]))
	        return intersection_cardinality/float(union_cardinality)