黑马程序员 MySQL数据库入门到精通 约束案例代码

-- 约束演示
create table user
(
    id     int primary key auto_increment comment '主键',
    name   varchar(10) not null unique comment '姓名',
    age    int check ( age > 0 && age <= 120 ) comment '年龄',
    status char(1) default 1 comment '状态',
    gender char(1) comment '性别'
) comment '用户表';

-- 插入数据
insert into user(name, age, status, gender)
values ('Tom1', 19, '1', '男'),
       ('Tom2', 25, '0', '男');

insert into user(name, age, status, gender)
values ('Tom3', 19, '1', '男');

insert into user(name, age, status, gender)
values ('Tom4', 80, '1', '男');

insert into user(name, age, status, gender)
values ('Tom5', -1, '1', '男');

insert into user(name, age, status, gender)
values ('Tom5', 121, '1', '男');

insert into user(name, age, gender)
values ('Tom5', 120, '男');


select *
from user;


-- 约束（外键）
-- 准备数据
create table dept
(
    id   int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
    name varchar(50) not null comment '部门名称'
) comment '部门表';
INSERT dept(id, name)
VALUES (1, '研发部'),
       (2, '市场部'),
       (3, '财务部'),
       (4, '销售部'),
       (5, '总经办');


select *
from dept;


create table emp
(
    id        int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
    name      varchar(50) not null comment '姓名',
    age       int comment '年龄',
    job       varchar(20) comment '职位',
    salary    int comment '薪资',
    entrydate date comment '入职时间',
    managerid int comment '直属领导ID',
    dept_id   int comment '部门ID'
) comment '员工表';
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, age, job, salary, entrydate, managerid, dept_id)
VALUES (1, '金庸', 66, '总裁', 20000, '2000-01-01', null, 5),
       (2, '张无忌', 20, '项目经理', 12500, '2005-12-05', 1, 1),
       (3, '杨逍', 33, '开发', 8400, '2000-11-03', 2, 1),
       (4, '韦一笑', 48, '开发', 11000, '2002-02-05', 2, 1),
       (5, '常遇春', 43, '开发', 10500, '2004-09-07', 3, 1),
       (6, '小昭', 19, '程序员鼓励师', 6600, '2004-10-12', 2, 1);

select *
from emp;

-- 添加外键
alter table emp
    add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references dept (id);

-- 删除外键
alter table emp
    drop constraint fk_emp_dept_id;

-- 外键的删除和更新行为
alter table emp
    add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references dept (id) on update cascade on delete cascade;

alter table emp
    add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references dept (id) on update set null on delete set null;