Spring

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分类专栏： java 后端文章标签： spring java 后端

于 2024-05-27 12:31:14 首次发布

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Spring

简介
- spring是一个轻量级的控制反转（IoC）和面向切面（AOP）的容器框架
- Spring为简化开发而生，让程序员只需关注核心业务的实现，尽可能的不再关注非业务逻辑代码（事务控制，安全日志等）
IoC（Inversion of Control）
- 这是一种设计思想，可以降低代码间的耦合度，符合依赖倒置原则
- 核心思想：
  - 将对象的创建权交出去
  - 将对象和对象之间关系的管理权交出去
  - 对象的创建和对象之间关系的维护都由第三方容器来负责
DI（Dependency Injection）
- 实现IOC的方式有多种，其中比较重要的是DI（依赖注入）
- 依赖注入用于实现对象之间关系的建立
- 依赖注入的两种方式：
  - set注入；执行set方法给属性赋值
  - 构造方法注入：执行构造方法给属性赋值
spring八大模块：

Bean：

spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.User" />
</beans>

id：代表对象的唯一标识，看作一个人的身份证
class：指定创建对象的类名（全限定类目）

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Object userBean = applicationContext.getBean("userBean");

BeanFactory是Spring容器的超级接口。ApplicationContext是BeanFactory的子接口。
spring的ioc容器底层实际上使用了工厂模式
spring是通过调用类的无参数构造方法来创建对象的，所以要想让spring给你创建对象，必须保证无参数构造方法是存在的。

spring创建对象的原理：

// dom4j解析beans.xml文件，从中获取class的全限定类名
// 通过反射机制调用无参数构造方法创建对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.powernode.spring6.bean.User");
Object obj = clazz.newInstance();

Spring底层的IoC实现原理：XML解析+工厂模式+反射机制
创建好的对象储存到HashMap中：
- Map<String,Object>
- key是id
- value是bean

Set注入

注入外部Bean：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userDaoBean"  class="com.powernode.spring6.dao.UserDao" />

    <bean id="userServiceBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.service.UserService">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDaoBean"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

bean定义到外面，在property标签中使用ref属性进行注入

注入内部Bean：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userServiceBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.service.UserService">
        <property name="userDao">
            <!--在property标签中使用嵌套的bean标签，这就是内部Bean-->
            <bean class="com.powernode.spring6.dao.UserDao"/>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

注入简单类型：

package com.powernode.spring6.bean;

/**
 * @author shanglinsong
 * @version 1.0
 * @className com.powernode.spring6.bean.User
 * @date 2022/11/9
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class User {
         
         

    private int age;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
         
         
        return "User{" +
                "age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
         
         
        this.age = age;
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.User">
        <!--<property name="age" value="20"/>-->
        <property name="age">
            <!--如果像这种int类型的属性，我们称为简单类型，这种简单类型在注入的时候要使用value属性，不能使用ref-->
            <value>20</value>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

注意：如果给简单类型赋值，使用value属性或value标签，而不是ref。
通过BeanUtils类源码分析得知，简单类型包括：
- 基本数据类型及其包装类
- String或其他CharSequence子类
- Number子类
- Date子类
- Enum子类
- URL和URI
- Temporal子类
- Local
- Class

注入数组k,.

数组元素是简单类型

package com.powernode.spring6.bean;

import java.util.Arrays;


public class Person {
             
             

    private String[] favoriteFoods;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
             
             
        return "Person{" +
                "favoriteFoods=" + Arrays.toString(favoriteFoods) +
                '}';
    }

    public void setFavoriteFoods(String[] favoriteFoods) {
             
             
        this.favoriteFoods = favoriteFoods;
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="personBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.Person">
        <property name="favoriteFoods">
            <array>
                <value>鸡排</value>
                <value>汉堡</value>
                <value>鹅肝</value>
            </array>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

数组元素非简单类型

package com.powernode.spring6.bean;


public class Goods {
           
           

    private String name;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
           
           
        return "Goods{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getName() {
           
           
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
           
           
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Goods(String name) {
           
           
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Goods() {
           
           
    }
}

package com.powernode.spring6.bean;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Order {
           
           
    // 一个订单中有多个商品
    private Goods[] goods;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
           
           
        return "Order{" +
                "goods=" + Arrays.toString(goods) +
                '}';
    }

    public void setGoods(Goods[] goods) {
           
           
        this.goods = goods;
    }

    public Order() {
           
           
    }

    public Order(Goods[] goods) {
           
           
        this.goods = goods;
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="goodsBean1" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.Goods">
        <property name="name" value="香蕉"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="goodsBean2" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.Goods">
        <property name="name" value="葡萄"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="orderBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.Order">
        <property name="goods">
            <array>
                <!--这里使用ref标签即可-->
                <ref bean="goodsBean1" />
                <ref bean="goodsBean2" />
            </array>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

要点：
- 元素是简单类型，使用value标签
- 元素非简单类型，使用ref标签

注入List集合

list集合：有序可重复

package com.powernode.spring6.bean;

import java.util.List;

public class People {
         
         
    // 一个人有多个名字
    private List<String> names;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
         
         
        return "People{" +
                "names=" + names +
                '}';
    }

    public void setNames(List<String> names) {
         
         
        this.names = names;
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="peopleBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.People">
        <property name="names">
            <!--list集合有序可重复-->
            <list>
                <value>铁锤</value>
                <value>张三</value>
                <value>张三</value>
                <value>张三</value>
                <value>狼</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

注意：注入List集合的时候使用list标签，如果List集合中是简单类型使用value标签，反之使用ref标签。

注入Set集合

Set集合：无序不可重复

package com.powernode.spring6.bean;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

/**

 */
public class People {
         
         
    // 一个人有多个名字
    private List<String> names;
    // 一个人有多个电话
    private Set<String> phones;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
         
         
        return "People{" +
                "names=" + names +
                ", phones=" + phones +
                '}';
    }

    public void setPhones(Set<String> phones) {
         
         
        this.phones = phones;
    }

    public void setNames(List<String> names) {
         
         
        this.names = names;
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <bean id="peopleBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.People">
        <property name="names">
            <!--list集合有序可重复-->
            <list>
                <value>铁锤</value>
                <value>张三</value>
                <value>张三</value>
                <value>张三</value>
                <value>狼</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name</