Servlet学习笔记

• 获取Servlet信息

String getServleInfo()

1.3 使用XML的方式配置Servlet

---

• Servlet接口Sun公司有两个默认的实现类：HttpServlet,GenericServlet

• java <url-pattern>的配置方式

1.完全路径配置

以/开始 比如：/hello /servlet01.hello

2.目录匹配

以/开始，以/结束 比如：/ /aaa/*

3.扩展名匹配

不能以/开始，以*开始 比如： *.action   *.jsp

步骤：

1. 编写一个普通的类，继承HtttpServlet

HelloServlet.java

package Servlet01;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

PrintWriter out=resp.getWriter();

out.print(“hello servlet”);

}

@Override

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

}

}

2. 编写Servlet映射

（为什么需要映射：我们写的是Java程序，但是要通过浏览器访问，而浏览器需要连接web服务器，所以我们需要在web服务中注册我们所写的Servlet，还需要给他一个浏览器能够访问的路径）

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

test01

HelloServlet

Servlet01.HelloServlet

HelloServlet

/hello

• 访问路径

http://localhost:8080/test01/hello

• 结果图

1.4 使用注解的方式配置Servlet

---

方式：@WebServlet(“/demo01”)

ServlertDemo01.java

package Servlet02;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;

import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@WebServlet(“/demo01”)

public class ServlertDemo01 extends HttpServlet {

@Override

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

resp.setContentType(“text/html;charset=UTF-8”);

PrintWriter out=resp.getWriter();

out.print(“hello 注解的方式配置servlet”);

}

@Override

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

super.doPost(req, resp);

}

}

结果图

1.5 Mapping问题

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1. 一个servlet可以指定一个映射路径

hello

/hello

2. 一个servlet可以指定多个映射路径

hello

/hello

hello

/hello1

hello

/hello2

hello

/hello3

3. 一个servlet可以指定多个映射路径

hello

/hello/*

4. 默认请求路径

hello

/*

5. 指定一些后缀或前缀等等…

hello

*.do

6. 优先级问题

指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高，如果找不到就走默认的处理请求。

1.6 ServletContext

---

web容器在启动的时候，它会为每一个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用；

1.6.1 共享数据

我在这个servlet中保存的数据，可以在另外一个servlet中拿到：

保存数据的servlet

package com.yan.study;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

//this.getInitParameter() 初始化参数

//this.getServletConfig() servlet配置

//this.getServletContext() servlet上下文

ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();

String uname=“小言”;

context.setAttribute(“username”,uname);//将一个数据保存在ServletContext中，名字为：username,值为uname

}

}

获取数据的servlet（GetServlet）

package com.yan.study;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();

String username=(String) context.getAttribute(“username”);

resp.setContentType(“text/html”);

resp.setCharacterEncoding(“utf-8”);

resp.getWriter().print(“名字：”+username);

}

}

配置servlet的XML

Archetype Created Web Application

hello

com.yan.study.HelloServlet

hello

/hello

get

com.yan.study.GetServlet

get

/get

测试结果图

1.6.2 获取初始化参数

配置XML

Archetype Created Web Application

url

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis

gp

study.ServletDemo03

gp

/gp

ServletDemo03

package study;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {

@Override

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();

String url=context.getInitParameter(“url”);

resp.getWriter().print(url);

}

}

测试结果

1.6.3 请求转发

• 写一个ServletDemo04转发到ServletDemo03里面

ServletDemo04

package study;

import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {

@Override

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

ServletContext context=this.getServletContext();

System.out.println(“进入了ServletDemo04”);

RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher=context.getRequestDispatcher(“/gp”);//转发的请求路径

requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);//调用forward实现请求转发

}

}

配置xml

Archetype Created Web Application

url

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis

gp

study.ServletDemo03

gp

/gp

demo04

study.ServletDemo04

demo04

/demo04

测试结果

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