Java 8 & 11 & 17 & 21

目录

Java 8

Functional Programming

Functional Interfaces

Method References

Lambdas

Streams API

Optionals

New Date/Time APIs

New Java 8 features simplify the concurrency operations (Runnable, Comparor)

Java 11

Local Variable Type Inference (LVTI) - var (start from Java 10)

Private Interface Methods

Annotations

Security

Modules

Java 17

Sealed classes / interfaces

records

switch expressions and pattern matching

text blocks

Java 21

Unnamed Classes and Instance Main Methods 

Record Patterns

Pattern-matching for switch

Sequenced Collections

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LTS (Long Term Support): 8, 11, 17, 21

https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk8/

https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk/11

https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk/17/

https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk/21/

Java 8

Functional Programming

Functional Interfaces

Method References

Lambdas

Streams API

Optionals

New Date/Time APIs

New Java 8 features simplify the concurrency operations (Runnable, Comparor)

New Functional Interfaces in Java 8:

• Consumer – BiConsumer, IntConsumer, DoubleConsumer, LongConsumer
• Predicate – BiPredicate, IntPredicate, LongPredicate
• Function – BiFunction, UnaryOperator, BinaryOperator, IntFunction, DoubleFunction, LongFunction,IntToDoubleFunction, IntoLongFunction,DoubletoIntFunction, DoubletoLongFunction,LongtoIntFunction, LongtoDoubleFunction,ToIntFunction, ToDoubleFunction,ToLongFunction
• Supplier – IntSupplier, LongSupplier, DoubleSupplier, BooleanSupplier

IntelliJ: shift twice to search Consumer

Notes: "Bi"就是接受两个参数

Imperative vs Declarative Programming

 

Intellij IDEA 快捷方式：Options+Enter可以把lambda转成method reference

使用函数和使用方法之间的区别和使用场景

方法（Method）是指属于某个类或对象的行为或操作，它是面向对象编程的基本组成部分。方法通常用于描述对象的行为，可以访问对象的属性并对其进行操作。

函数（Function）是独立于对象的，可以独立存在的一段代码，它接受输入参数并返回一个值。在Java中，函数通常指的是静态方法（static method）或者Lambda表达式。

使用方法：

当需要描述某个对象的行为或操作时，通常应该使用方法。方法可以访问对象的属性，并且可以通过关键字 this 来引用当前对象。方法可以被继承，可以被重写，可以实现接口，从而实现多态。

使用函数：

当某个行为或操作独立于具体对象时，可以考虑使用函数。函数可以独立存在，不依赖于特定的对象实例。函数可以作为参数传递给其他函数，可以作为返回值返回，可以用于函数式编程等场景。

 

List<String> studentActivities=StudentDataBase.getAllStudents().

stream()//Stream<Student>

.map(Student::getActivities)//<Stream<List<Activites>>

.flatMap(List::stream)//<Stream<String>

.distinct()//removesduplicates

.collect(Collectors.toList());//collectsittoalist.

 

 

 

Default and Static Methods in Interfaces

Java 11

Local Variable Type Inference (LVTI) - var (start from Java 10)

Private Interface Methods

Annotations

Security

Modules

Java 17

Sealed classes / interfaces

records

switch expressions and pattern matching

text blocks

 

Sealed classes / interfaces

Used to just allow some inheritance

Text Blocks

Java 21

Java21 于2023年9月19日发布,是继之前的Java17之后的最新LTS版本。

https://openjdk.org/projects/jdk/21/

JEP: Java/JDK Enhancement Proposal

• Unnamed Classes and Instance Main Methods
• Record Patterns
• Pattern-matching for switch
• Sequenced Collections

 

Unnamed Classes and Instance Main Methods 

Record Patterns

Pattern-matching for switch

Sequenced Collections