本文详细介绍如何在 CentOS 7.5 上升级内核至 4.4 版本，包括启用 ELRepo 仓库、安装新内核、配置 grub 启动项等步骤。此外，还提供了更换国内 yum 源的方法，并介绍了 CentOS 系统初始化操作。最后，演示了使用 packstack 工具进行 OpenStack 的单机安装流程，包括安装前准备、一键安装命令及安装过程描述。
一.安装centos7.5
1.1 升级内核4.4
1.1.1:查看内核版本
uname -rs
Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
1.1.2:虚拟文件系统
cpuinfo：标识了处理器的类型和速度
pci：显示在 PCI 总线上找到的设备
modules：当前加载到内核中的模块
version：系统版本及内核版本
cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018
1.1.3. 启用 ELRepo 仓库
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
查看可用的系统内核包
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
elrepo-kernel | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
elrepo-kernel/primary_db | 1.8 MB 00:00:01
可安装的软件包
kernel-lt.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-doc.noarch 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml.x86_64 5.1.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 5.1.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-doc.noarch 5.1.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 5.1.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 5.1.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 5.1.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.1.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
perf.x86_64 5.1.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
python-perf.x86_64 5.1.7-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
1.1.4.安装4.4版本内核
–enablerepo 选项开启 CentOS 系统上的指定仓库。默认开启的是 elrepo，这里用 elrepo-kernel 替换
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-lt
......
Downloading packages:
kernel-lt-4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 39 MB 00:00:09
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
正在安装 : kernel-lt-4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : kernel-lt-4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
kernel-lt.x86_64 0:4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo
1.1.5.查看系统可用内核
sudo awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
0 : CentOS Linux (4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)
1 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
2 : CentOS Linux (0-rescue-83a8d5da3df34899949d3616c184039d) 7 (Core)
1.1.6.修改启动文件-设置grub2
sudo vi /etc/default/grub
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
1.1.7.生成grub 配置文件并重启
sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
reboot
启动后查看内核
1.1.8.删除旧的内核文件（可选）
查看内核版本
uname -rs
Linux 4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo.x86_64
rpm -qa | grep kernel
kernel-tools-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
kernel-lt-4.4.180-2.el7.elrepo.x86_64
kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
使用yum remove删除内核
yum remove kernel-tools-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
1.1.9.通过 yum-utils 工具管理多于内核
如果安装的内核不多于 3 个，yum-utils 工具不会删除任何一个。只有在安装的内核大于 3 个时，才会自动删除旧内核。
安装
yum install yum-utils
删除
package-cleanup --oldkernels
1.2 换国内yum源
1.2.1: 安装wget,net-tools
sudo yum install -y wget net-tools
1.2.2:备份源地址
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
sudo mkdir repo_bak
sudo mv *.repo repo_bak/
1.2.3:更新下载源文件
sudo wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
sudo wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
# 下载阿里开源镜像的epel源文件
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
# 下载网易开源镜像的epel源文件
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
1.2.4:安装epel源
sudo yum install -y epel-release
更新
sudo yum clean all
sudo yum makecache
查看系统可用的yum源和所有的yum源
sudo yum repolist enabled
sudo yum repolist all
二.Centos系统初始化
2.1.关闭并禁用防火墙：
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager
2.2.关闭selinux：
setenforce 0
2.3.编辑/etc/selinux/config文件内容，将SELINUX值enforcing改为disabled：
sed -ri 's#(SELINUX=).*#\1disabled#' /etc/selinux/config
2.4.配置RDO安装源：
yum install -y http://rdo.fedorapeople.org/rdo-release.rpm
三.openstack相关问题
3.1 使用packstack单机安装
3.1.1:安装packstack工具
yum install -y openstack-packstack
3.1.2:Packstack一键安装：
packstack --allinone
====================================
3.1.3:packstack 删除
for x in $(virsh list --all | grep instance- | awk '{print $2}') ; do virsh destroy $x ; virsh undefine $x ; done ; yum remove -y nrpe "*nagios*" puppet ntp "ntp-*" ntpdate "rdo-release" "*openstack*" "*nova*" "*keystone*" "*glance*" "*cinder*" "*swift*" mysql mysql-server httpd "*memcache*" scsi-target-utils iscsi-initiator-utils perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL ; ps -ef | grep -i repli | grep swift | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill ; rm -rf /etc/nagios /etc/yum.repos.d/packstack_* /root/.my.cnf /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/glance /var/lib/nova /etc/nova /etc/swift /srv/node/device*/* /var/lib/cinder/ /etc/rsync.d/frag* /var/cache/swift /var/log/keystone /tmp/keystone-signing-nova ; find /etc | grep rpmsave | xargs rm -vf ; umount /srv/node/device* ; killall -9 dnsmasq tgtd httpd ; setenforce 1 ; vgremove -f cinder-volumes ; losetup -a | sed -e 's/:.*//g' | xargs losetup -d ; find /etc/pki/tls -name "ssl_ps*" | xargs rm -rf ; for x in $(df | grep "/lib/" | sed -e 's/.* //g') ; do umount $x ; done
3.1.4:安装过程描述
Welcome to the Packstack setup utility
The installation log file is available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20190605-163619-cLBY2p/openstack-setup.log
Packstack changed given value to required value /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
Installing:
Clean Up [ DONE ]
Discovering ip protocol version [ DONE ]
Setting up ssh keys [ DONE ]
Preparing servers [ DONE ]
Pre installing Puppet and discovering hosts' details [ DONE ]
Preparing pre-install entries [ DONE ]
Setting up CACERT [ DONE ]
Preparing AMQP entries [ DONE ]
Preparing MariaDB entries [ DONE ]
Fixing Keystone LDAP config parameters to be undef if empty[ DONE ]
Preparing Keystone entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Glance entries [ DONE ]
Checking if the Cinder server has a cinder-volumes vg[ DONE ]
Preparing Cinder entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Nova API entries [ DONE ]
Creating ssh keys for Nova migration [ DONE ]
Gathering ssh host keys for Nova migration [ DONE ]
Preparing Nova Compute entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Nova Scheduler entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Nova VNC Proxy entries [ DONE ]
Preparing OpenStack Network-related Nova entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Nova Common entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron LBaaS Agent entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron API entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron L3 entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron L2 Agent entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron DHCP Agent entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Neutron Metering Agent entries [ DONE ]
Checking if NetworkManager is enabled and running [ DONE ]
Preparing OpenStack Client entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Horizon entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Swift builder entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Swift proxy entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Swift storage entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Gnocchi entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Redis entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Ceilometer entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Aodh entries [ DONE ]
Preparing Puppet manifests [ DONE ]
Copying Puppet modules and manifests [ DONE ]
Applying 192.168.10.62_controller.pp
Testing if puppet apply is finished: 192.168.10.62_controller.pp [ / ]
.......[一个多小时马上就过去了，乘空写了这些记录，煮了一泡白茶下肚]
Applying 192.168.10.62_controller.pp
192.168.10.62_controller.pp: [ DONE ]
Applying 192.168.10.62_network.pp
192.168.10.62_network.pp: [ DONE ]
Applying 192.168.10.62_compute.pp
192.168.10.62_compute.pp: [ DONE ]
Applying Puppet manifests [ DONE ]
Finalizing [ DONE ]
**** Installation completed successfully ******
Additional information:
* Parameter CONFIG_NEUTRON_L2_AGENT: You have choosen OVN neutron backend. Note that this backend does not support LBaaS, VPNaaS or FWaaS services. Geneve will be used as encapsulation method for tenant networks
* A new answerfile was created in: /root/packstack-answers-20190605-163619.txt
* Time synchronization installation was skipped. Please note that unsynchronized time on server instances might be problem for some OpenStack components.
* File /root/keystonerc_admin has been created on OpenStack client host 192.168.10.62. To use the command line tools you need to source the file.
* To access the OpenStack Dashboard browse to http://192.168.10.62/dashboard .
Please, find your login credentials stored in the keystonerc_admin in your home directory.
* Because of the kernel update the host 192.168.10.62 requires reboot.
* The installation log file is available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20190605-163619-cLBY2p/openstack-setup.log
* The generated manifests are available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20190605-163619-cLBY2p/manifests
安装完成 默认登录用户密码在 ～/ keystonerc_admin keystonerc_demo
登陆：http://192.168.10.62/dashboard
使用记录，未完待续。。。。。。
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