Java 8 （1.8）的语法更新，这么写才是现代 Java 编程代码写法 ， Oracle 11 17 19 21 24 的 Docs

Oracle 公司于 2014 年 3 月 18 日发布 Java 8 ；这个版本至今统治 Java 开发，成为开发的主力 Java 版本。

显然，Java 11 / 17 已经有赶上 Java 8 的占比；但，Java 8 在开发届依然有 30% - 50% 的占比。

随着，Spring AI 对Java版本最低要求为 Java 19 ，Java 8 的使用率肯定会进一步降低。

但，很多人依然无法熟练掌握 Java 8 的语法。

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/

What's New in JDK 8

Java Programming Language

• Lambda Expressions, a new language feature, has been introduced in this release. They enable you to treat functionality as a method argument, or code as data. Lambda expressions let you express instances of single-method interfaces (referred to as functional interfaces) more compactly.
• Method references provide easy-to-read lambda expressions for methods that already have a name.
• Default methods enable new functionality to be added to the interfaces of libraries and ensure binary compatibility with code written for older versions of those interfaces.
• Repeating Annotations provide the ability to apply the same annotation type more than once to the same declaration or type use.
• Type Annotations provide the ability to apply an annotation anywhere a type is used, not just on a declaration. Used with a pluggable type system, this feature enables improved type checking of your code.
• Improved type inference.
• Method parameter reflection.

方法引用

// 声明一个类
 
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {
    T get();
}
 
class Car {
    //Supplier是jdk1.8的接口，这里和lamda一起使用了
    public static Car create(final Supplier<Car> supplier) {
        return supplier.get();
    }
 
    public static void collide(final Car car) {
        System.out.println("Collided " + car.toString());
    }
 
    public void follow(final Car another) {
        System.out.println("Following the " + another.toString());
    }
 
    public void repair() {
        System.out.println("Repaired " + this.toString());
    }
}

构造器

final Car car = Car.create( Car::new );
final List< Car > cars = Arrays.asList( car );

静态方法

cars.forEach( Car::collide );

特定类的任意对象

cars.forEach( Car::repair );

特定对象的方法

final Car police = Car.create( Car::new );
cars.forEach( police::follow );

Base64

内嵌类

方法

Lambda表达式

(parameters) -> expression
或
(parameters) ->{ statements; }

// 1. 不需要参数,返回值为 5  
() -> 5  
  
// 2. 接收一个参数(数字类型),返回其2倍的值  
x -> 2 * x  
  
// 3. 接受2个参数(数字),并返回他们的差值  
(x, y) -> x – y  
  
// 4. 接收2个int型整数,返回他们的和  
(int x, int y) -> x + y  
  
// 5. 接受一个 string 对象,并在控制台打印,不返回任何值(看起来像是返回void)  
(String s) -> System.out.print(s)

函数式接口 Functional Interface 

@FunctionalInterface
interface GreetingService 
{
    void sayMessage(String message);
}

JDK 1.8 之前已有的函数式接口:

1. java.lang.Runnable
2. java.util.concurrent.Callable
3. java.security.PrivilegedAction
4. java.util.Comparator
5. java.io.FileFilter
6. java.nio.file.PathMatcher
7. java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler
8. java.beans.PropertyChangeListener
9. java.awt.event.ActionListener
10. javax.swing.event.ChangeListener

JDK 1.8 新增加的函数接口：

        java.util.function

参 考

《Java8 指南》中文翻译 | JavaGuide

Java 8 新特性 | 菜鸟教程

Java SE Development Kit 8 Documentation

—— Java Development Kit 8 Documentation

The Java® Language Specification 1.8 版本

Oracle Java 1.8 用户手册 

——   The Java® Language Specification

——   Chapter 19. Syntax 这是语法部分

Oracle Java FX

——  Oracle JavaFX

Java FX  —— JavaFX is an open source, next generation client application platform for desktop, mobile and embedded systems built on Java.

JavaFX    And   Main - Main - OpenJDK Wiki

Oracle Java 21

JDK 21 Documentation - Home

Oracle Java 17

JDK 17 Documentation - Home

Oracle Java 19

JDK 19 Documentation - Home

Oracle Java 11

JDK 11 Documentation - Home

Oracle Java 24

JDK 24 Documentation - Home

Java Development Kit 8 Update Release Notes

JDK 8 Update Release Notes

The Java Language Environment: Contents
A White Paper

The Java Language Environment: Contents

Oracle JDK Docs List

JDK Release Notes