本文介绍了Shell脚本格式化的六个关键方面：脚本头部、变量命名、函数定义、缩进和空格、注释及错误处理。良好的格式化有助于提高代码的可读性和可维护性。
在线格式化
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Shell脚本格式化指南
Shell脚本是一种强大的工具，用于自动化日常任务和复杂的系统操作。良好的格式化可以提高代码可读性、可维护性并降低错误发生的几率。
以下是一些关于如何格式化shell脚本的建议和技巧。
1. 脚本头部
每个shell脚本都应该在文件顶部有一个shebang（#!）。这告诉系统使用哪个解释器来运行脚本。对于bash脚本，通常会写成 #!/bin/bash。
#!/bin/bash
还可以在头部添加注释，说明脚本的用途、作者和创建日期等信息。
#!/bin/bash
# Script to automate daily system backup
# Author: John Doe
# Date: January 1, 2020
2. 变量命名
变量名应全部大写，并使用下划线分隔单词。这符合Shell脚本的传统习惯。
BACKUP_DIR=/var/log/backup
FILE_COUNT=10
3. 函数定义
函数应该明确声明，并以其功能进行命名。函数名后面跟随的括号内不要放任何参数，所有参数都应通过 $1, $2, 等来访问。
function create_backup () {
tar -czf $1.tar.gz $1
}
4. 缩进和空格
一般来说，代码块应缩进2-4个空格。例如，if语句或循环体内的代码就应该缩进。
if [[ -d $BACKUP_DIR ]]; then
echo "Backup directory exists"
else
echo "Backup directory does not exist"
fi
5. 注释
尽可能添加注释来解释代码的作用，特别是对于复杂的逻辑或者特定的hack。注释应当独占一行，位于需要解释的代码之上，并且与其它代码保持相同的缩进级别。
# Check if backup directory exists
if [[ -d $BACKUP_DIR ]]; then
# Create a new backup
create_backup $BACKUP_DIR
fi
6. 错误处理
脚本应当能够处理运行时可能出现的错误。一种常见的方法是使用set -e，这会导致脚本在任何命令失败时立即退出。
set -e
可以在关键操作后检查命令的退出状态，并采取适当的行动。
tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR.tar.gz $BACKUP_DIR
if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
echo "Backup failed!"
exit 1
fi
以上只是一些基本的格式化指南。实际编写脚本时，应当根据具体的需求和团队的编程风格来调整。
参考文献：
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