CentOS7 编译安装Python

CentOS7 安装Python

1. 安装依赖

   yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel openssl-static ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel lzma gcc
   

2. 下载Python-3.9.6.tar.xz 并解压

   可自行将下载链接中的版本号更改为需要的版本

   cd /usr/local
   wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.6/Python-3.9.6.tar.xz
   tar -xvJf Python-3.9.6.tar.xz 
   创建安装目录（不是解压的目录）
   mkdir /usr/local/python3
   

3. 编译安装

   # 进入解压后的文件夹内
   cd /usr/local/Python-3.9.6
   # --prefix用来指定安装的目录，也就是上一步已创建的目录/usr/local/python3
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
   make && make install
   

4. 安装成功，测试python3

   # 安装后显示这两行，说明安装成功（可能会出现warning，但是不影响）
   Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
   Successfully installed pip-21.1.3 setuptools-56.0.0
   # 测试python3
   /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 --version
   # Python 3.9.6
   

5. 查看CentOS7 系统自带的python2路径

   [root@python3 ~]# which python
   
   /usr/bin/python
   
   [root@python3 ~]# ll /usr/bin/ |grep python
   
   -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11312 Nov 14 00:00 abrt-action-analyze-python
   lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 14 18:19 python -> python2
   lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 14 18:19 python2 -> python2.7
   -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7216 Oct 31 07:46 python2.7
   

   可以看到python命令是通过软链接连接到python2.7的，那么为了防止python2和python3冲突，这里也用软链接让python3命令指向python3.9.6

6. 创建软链接

   ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
   ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3
   

7. 最终测试

   [root@python ~]# python3 --version
   Python 3.9.6
   [root@python ~]# pip3 --version
   pip 21.1.3 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)
   

   Python3.9环境搭建结束