在centos8.2下，kubernetes单机安装部署

在CentOS 8.2上安装Kubernetes可以通过以下步骤完成。这里我们将使用kubeadm工具来初始化Kubernetes集群，这是一个官方推荐的方法，适合快速搭建生产级别的集群。以下是详细的步骤：

1，准备好Docker环境：

使用root账号部署

 2，首先，确保你的系统是最新的，并且已禁用swap分区，因为Kubernetes不支持开启swap的系统。

永久关闭swap，编辑/etc/fstab文件，注释掉swap相关的行。

sudo dnf update -y
swapoff -a && sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

3，修改主机名为master 并 关闭selinux

hostnamectl set-hostname master

setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

4，开启端口 ，如果是多个node，需要开放对应端口或者关闭防火墙：

需要开启的端口 ：
6443	Kubernetes API server	
2379-2380	etcd server client API	kube-apiserver, etcd
10250	Kubelet API	 控制面
10259	kube-scheduler	
10257	kube-controller-manager	

# 如开启8080端口
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent

# 重启让端口生效
firewall-cmd --reload

# 查看端口是否开通
firewall-cmd --list-ports

5，同步时间

# 同步时间
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai && timedatectl set-local-rtc 0

# 查看当前时间
date 

6，配置 containerd 配置文件，切换到阿里源

mkdir -p /etc/containerd 
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

sed -i "s#SystemdCgroup = false#SystemdCgroup = true#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i "s#registry.k8s.io#registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i "/\[plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\".registry.mirrors\]/a\        [plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\".registry.mirrors.\"docker.io\"]" /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i "/\[plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\".registry.mirrors.\"docker.io\"\]/a\          endpoint = [\"https://hub-mirror.c.163.com\",\"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn\",\"https://registry.docker-cn.com\"]" /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i "/endpoint = \[\"https:\/\/blue-sea-697d.quartiers047.workers.dev:443\/https\/hub-mirror.c.163.com\",\"https:\/\/blue-sea-697d.quartiers047.workers.dev:443\/https\/docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn\",\"https:\/\/blue-sea-697d.quartiers047.workers.dev:443\/https\/registry.docker-cn.com\"]/a\        [plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\".registry.mirrors.\"registry.k8s.io\"]" /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i "/\[plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\".registry.mirrors.\"registry.k8s.io\"\]/a\          endpoint = [\"registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers\"]" /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i "/endpoint = \[\"registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/google_containers\"]/a\        [plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\".registry.mirrors.\"k8s.gcr.io\"]" /etc/containerd/config.toml
sed -i "/\[plugins.\"io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri\".registry.mirrors.\"k8s.gcr.io\"\]/a\          endpoint = [\"registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers\"]" /etc/containerd/config.toml

7， 配置内核参数

为了确保Kubernetes正常工作，需要配置一些内核参数。

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

sudo sysctl --system

8， 添加Kubernetes仓库
添加Kubernetes的yum仓库。

# 添加 阿里k8s源
cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo <<EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

9，重启Docker

# 重启docker
systemctl restart docker
# 重启containerd
systemctl restart containerd
#重新加载 systemd  
systemctl daemon-reload

10，安装Kubernetes组件
安装kubelet、kubeadm和kubectl。

sudo dnf install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

11，初始化Kubernetes集群
使用kubeadm init命令初始化Kubernetes集群。这个过程可能会花费几分钟时间。

sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --image-repository=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

初始化完成后，你会看到类似如下的输出：

按照上述提示操作，将管理员配置文件复制到普通用户的.kube目录下，并更改权限。

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

如需要其他节点加入：

#参考
kubeadm join 172.19.41.35:6443 --token kyo43w.uiueheaavd85mitz \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e54c3e5370ff9cb7f4298e72b0e1bffab83b533890bd2c0f90726cb0551a6457
 

12，启动 k8s

# 启动 k8s 
systemctl  start kubelet

# 自启 k8s  
systemctl  enable  kubelet

13，部署网络插件

Kubernetes需要一个网络插件来实现Pod之间的通信。这里以Flannel为例：

编辑kube-flannel.yml

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    k8s-app: flannel
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "EnableNFTables": false,
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
    k8s-app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
        image: docker.rainbond.cc/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.6.0-flannel1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
        image: docker.rainbond.cc/flannel/flannel:v0.26.1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: docker.rainbond.cc/flannel/flannel:v0.26.1
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate

14，部署启动：

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

15， 验证安装
最后，验证Kubernetes集群是否正确安装并运行。

看到节点状态为“Ready”状态为正常，需要等待一会。

kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces