某铁运数据库搭建笔记

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本文详细介绍了在CentOS7操作系统上部署Oracle数据库的全过程，包括系统配置、网络设置、用户权限管理、VNC远程桌面配置、字体安装、数据库安装与配置、计划任务设定、角色赋权及备份策略等关键步骤。
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操作系统安装:

CentOS7 安装: (华为服务器）



"/boot" 4G "/swap":32G "/":780G "/home":50G

--永久关闭防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld

--永久关闭selinux

vi /etc/selinux/config

--创建预装软件目录

mkdir /orasoft





1.更改网络配置：

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp2s0f0

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=enp2s0f0

UUID=9f2339ba-2ac6-4dfe-bc37-8d7b67206955

DEVICE=enp2s0f0

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.80.12

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.80.1

DNS1=123.129.80.8

DOMAIN=123.129.80.9

IPV6_PRIVACY=no





--重启服务

systemctl network restart



--拷贝文件（--->192.168.80.12）

scp /orasoft/ root@192.168.80.12:/

--改权限

chmod -R 777 /orasoft



2.改主机信息:

vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1    localhost

::1    localhost

192.168.80.12 hdgz



3.配置sysctl.conf (固定不变的)

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=1048586

执行

#/sbin/sysctl -p



4.修改/etc/security/limits.conf

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle               soft    nproc   2047

oracle               hard    nproc   16384

oracle               soft    nofile  1024

oracle               hard    nofile  65536

oracle               soft    stack  10240

oracle               hard    stack  32768



5.修改/etc/pam.d/login

vim /etc/pam.d/login

session required pam_limits.so



6.禁止网络时间服务、防火墙等服务启动

 systemctl disable ntpd.service

systemctl stop ntpd.service



systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld



10.关闭SELinux

vim /etc/selinux/config   

SELINUX=disabled



11.安装Oracle必备包

cd  /home/orasoft/centos7/Packages

rpm -Uvh binutils-2.*

rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*

rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0.*

rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-*

rpm -Uvh gcc-4.*

rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4.*

rpm -Uvh glibc-2.*

rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2.*

rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.*

rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2.*

rpm -Uvh ksh-2*

rpm -Uvh libaio-0.*

rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0.*

rpm -Uvh libgcc-4.*

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4.*

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4.*

rpm -Uvh make-3.*

rpm -Uvh sysstat-7.*

rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2.*

rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2.*



yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33* elfutils-libelf-0.* elfutils-libelf-devel-* gcc-4.* gcc-c++-4.*  glibc-2.*  glibc-common-2.*  glibc-devel-2.*  glibc-headers-2.*  ksh-2*  libaio-0.*  libaio-devel-0.* libgcc-4.* libstdc++-4.* libstdc++-devel-4.* make-3.* sysstat-7.* unixODBC-2.* unixODBC-devel-2.* tigervnc tigervnc-server -y



192.168.110.11->192.168.85.80 拷贝文件:

scp -r /orasoft/ora11g/*.* root@192.168.85.80:/home/orasoft/



12.配置VNC远程桌面

cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service

vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service



ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"

PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid



vncpasswd

vncserver :1



----------------------------作为服务启动VNC-----------------------

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service

systemctl start vncserver@:1.service



cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:2.service

vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:2.service



ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l oracle -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"

PIDFile=/home/oracle/.vnc/%H%i.pid



systemctl enable vncserver@:2.service

systemctl start vncserver@:2.service



netstat -tulnp | grep vnc

vncserver -kill :2

----------------------------作为服务启动VNC----------------------





rpm -i --force --nodeps pdksh-5.2.14-21.x86_64.rpm



13. 创建用户、组和文件路径

groupadd -g 1100 oinstall

groupadd -g 1101 dba

groupadd -g 1102 oper

useradd  -u 1100 -g oinstall -G dba,oper -d /home/oracle -m oracle

passwd oracle

xx232



mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/



14.建立用户环境变量

su - oracle

vim .bash_profile

--JF-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_BASE=/home/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=YMSGZ; export ORACLE_SID

TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN

PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

export CLASSPATH

THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

export NLS_LANG=American_America.ZHS16GBK

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"



if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then

      if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

              ulimit -p 16384

              ulimit -n 65536

      else

         ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

      fi

fi

安装字体:

mkfontscale mkfontdir fc-cache -fv

source /etc/profile





15.图形安装Oracle11.2.0（略）





界面显示个别有问题。这个到时候问问姜工有没有好的解决方法（CentOS7）





16.安装rlwrap

yum install libtermcap-devel readline readline-devel -y

解压缩:

tar -xvf rlwrap-XX

make

make install

alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'

alias rman='rlwrap rman'





17.数据库操作（创建表空间）

create tablespace YMS_TBS datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs01.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs02.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs03.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs04.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs05.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs06.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs07.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs08.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs09.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs10.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs11.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs12.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs13.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs14.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs15.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs16.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs17.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs18.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs19.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs20.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;

alter tablespace YMS_TBS add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/YMSGZ/yms_tbs21.dbf' size 10G autoextend on next 500M maxsize unlimited;



18. 创建用户

create user xx1 identified by "xxxxx" default tablespace YMS_TBS temporary tablespace temp quota unlimited on yms_tbs;



19.角色赋权

create role appdba;

grant

create session,

debug connect session,

create materialized view,

create procedure,

create sequence,

create synonym,

create table,

create trigger,

create type,

create view,

create database link,

global query rewrite,

resumable,

select any dictionary,

create indextype

to appdba

/

grant appdba to hdgz;



20.归档及备份

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

alter database archivelog;

alter database open;

---

alter system checkpoint;

alter system archive log current;



rman设置:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/backupset/%F';

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_YMSGZ.f'; # default



21.计划任务

--目录创建，授权

create directory expbackup as '/expbackup'; --本地备份用

grant read,write on directory expbackup to hdgz;

create directory uploaddp as '/uploaddp'; -- FTP用

grant read,write on directory uploaddp to hdgz;



脚本:

vim /scripts/expdp_ymsgz.sh

#!/bin/bash

a=`date "+%y_%m%d_%H%M"`

echo $a

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/expdp system/xxx232 schemas=hdgz exclude=TABLE:\"IN \(\'YD_PICTURE\'\)\" directory=expbackup dumpfile=expdp_ymsgz_$a.dmp log=expdp_ymsgz_$a.log compre

ssion=data_only job_name=expdp_ymsgz



vim /scripts/backup_ymsgzdb.sh

#!/bin/bash

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=YMSGZ

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/rman target / cmdfile /scripts/backup_ymsgzdb.scr log /arcbackup/backup_bmsdb.log

exit 0



vim /scripts/backup_ymsgzdb.scr

backup as compressed backupset tag 'ymsgzfull' format '/arcbackup/db_%d_%T_%s_%p_%c.bak' database;

crosscheck archivelog all;

crosscheck backupset;

crosscheck copy;

delete noprompt archivelog until time "sysdate-5";

delete noprompt obsolete;

exit;



crontab -e

vim /var/spool/cron/root

30 1 * * * find /expbackup -type f -name 'expdp_' -mtime 5 -exec rm -rf '{}' ';'

30 2 * * * su - oracle -c "/scripts/expdp_ymsgz.sh"

30 3 * * * su - oracle -c "/scripts/backup_ymsgzdb.sh"

10 5 * * * su - oracle -c "/scripts/upload_ymsgz.sh