结构体inode、file、FILE、stat、dirent和DIR、task_struct

YoAron

已于 2023-06-21 12:03:47 修改

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文章标签： linux c语言

于 2023-05-25 14:54:08 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/YoAron/article/details/130863588

文章详细介绍了Linux内核中的几个关键结构体，如structinode表示静态文件，包含了文件权限、用户ID等信息；structfile表示打开的文件，由内核在打开时创建；struct_IO_FILE是用户空间的FILE结构体，用于文件操作。此外，还提到了structstat用于记录文件属性，structdirent表示目录文件，以及task_struct表示进程的相关信息。

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struct inode结构体存在Linux内核中，表示一个静态文件，每个文件都会对应唯一的struct inode结构体

struct inode {
	umode_t			i_mode;         // 文件权限
	unsigned short		i_opflags;
	kuid_t			i_uid;          //用户id（可用id linux查看）
	kgid_t			i_gid;          //组id（在 /etc/passworld 和 /etc/group 中）
	unsigned int		i_flags;    //inode号

#ifdef CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL
	struct posix_acl	*i_acl;
	struct posix_acl	*i_default_acl;
#endif

	const struct inode_operations	*i_op;
	struct super_block	*i_sb;
	struct address_space	*i_mapping;

#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
	void			*i_security;
#endif

	/* Stat data, not accessed from path walking */
	unsigned long		i_ino;
	/*
	 * Filesystems may only read i_nlink directly.  They shall use the
	 * following functions for modification:
	 *
	 *    (set|clear|inc|drop)_nlink
	 *    inode_(inc|dec)_link_count
	 */
	union {
		const unsigned int i_nlink;
		unsigned int __i_nlink;
	};
	dev_t			i_rdev;         //设备号
	loff_t			i_size;
	struct timespec64	i_atime;
	struct timespec64	i_mtime;
	struct timespec64	i_ctime;
	spinlock_t		i_lock;	/* i_blocks, i_bytes, maybe i_size */
	unsigned short          i_bytes;
	u8			i_blkbits;
	u8			i_write_hint;
	blkcnt_t		i_blocks;

#ifdef __NEED_I_SIZE_ORDERED
	seqcount_t		i_size_seqcount;
#endif

	/* Misc */
	unsigned long		i_state;
	struct rw_semaphore	i_rwsem;

	unsigned long		dirtied_when;	/* jiffies of first dirtying */
	unsigned long		dirtied_time_when;

	struct hlist_node	i_hash;
	struct list_head	i_io_list;	/* backing dev IO list */
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
	struct bdi_writeback	*i_wb;		/* the associated cgroup wb */

	/* foreign inode detection, see wbc_detach_inode() */
	int			i_wb_frn_winner;
	u16			i_wb_frn_avg_time;
	u16			i_wb_frn_history;
#endif
	struct list_head	i_lru;		/* inode LRU list */
	struct list_head	i_sb_list;
	struct list_head	i_wb_list;	/* backing dev writeback list */
	union {
		struct hlist_head	i_dentry;
		struct rcu_head		i_rcu;
	};
	atomic64_t		i_version;
	atomic64_t		i_sequence; /* see futex */
	atomic_t		i_count;
	atomic_t		i_dio_count;
	atomic_t		i_writecount;
#if defined(CONFIG_IMA) || defined(CONFIG_FILE_LOCKING)
	atomic_t		i_readcount; /* struct files open RO */
#endif
	union {
		const struct file_operations	*i_fop;	//操作方法结构体
		void (*free_inode)(struct inode *);
	};
	struct file_lock_context	*i_flctx;
	struct address_space	i_data;
	struct list_head	i_devices;
	union {                         //表明设备类型（联合体只能填一种）
		struct pipe_inode_info	*i_pipe;//管道文件
		struct block_device	*i_bdev;    //块设备
		struct cdev		*i_cdev;        //字符设备
		char			*i_link;
		unsigned		i_dir_seq;
	};

	__u32			i_generation;

#ifdef CONFIG_FSNOTIFY
	__u32			i_fsnotify_mask; /* all events this inode cares about */
	struct fsnotify_mark_connector __rcu	*i_fsnotify_marks;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_FS_ENCRYPTION
	struct fscrypt_info	*i_crypt_info;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_FS_VERITY
	struct fsverity_info	*i_verity_info;
#endif

	void			*i_private; //私有数据
} __randomize_layout;

struct file结构体存在Linux内核中，表示一个被打开的文件，它由内核在打开文件时创建，传递给正在操作文件的函数，每open一次就会生成一个struct file结构体，所以一个struct inode结构体可以对应多个struct file结构体，当文件被关闭时，内核释放该结构体

struct file {
	union {
		struct llist_node	fu_llist;   //用于通用文件对象链表的指针
		struct rcu_head 	fu_rcuhead; //linux2.6内核新的锁机制
	} f_u;
	struct path		f_path;
	struct inode		*f_inode;	/* cached value */
	const struct file_operations	*f_op;  //该文件的操作方法

	/*
	 * Protects f_ep_links, f_flags.
	 * Must not be taken from IRQ context.
	 */
	spinlock_t		f_lock;
	enum rw_hint		f_write_hint;
	atomic_long_t		f_count;
	unsigned int 		f_flags;    //标志位，按bit位表示，对应open的int flags参数，
                                    //其中包含有驱动程序是否支持非阻塞操作的标志位
	fmode_t			f_mode;         //打开文件的权限
	struct mutex		f_pos_lock;
	loff_t			f_pos;          //文件指针的偏移量
	struct fown_struct	f_owner;
	const struct cred	*f_cred;
	struct file_ra_state	f_ra;

	u64			f_version;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
	void			*f_security;
#endif
	/* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
	void			*private_data;  //私有数据

#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL
	/* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */
	struct list_head	f_ep_links;
	struct list_head	f_tfile_llink;
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */
	struct address_space	*f_mapping;
	errseq_t		f_wb_err;
	errseq_t		f_sb_err; /* for syncfs */
}

FILE结构体存在用户空间中，定义在C库stdio.h中，专门用于操作文件(文件I/O)的结构体，每fopen打开一个文件就会生成一个FILE结构体，记录被打开文件的各种信息，每个正在运行的程序中都默认生成三个FILE结构体stdin、stdout、stderr

typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;

struct _IO_FILE {
  int _flags;		/* High-order word is _IO_MAGIC; rest is flags. */
#define _IO_file_flags _flags

  /* The following pointers correspond to the C++ streambuf protocol. */
  /* Note:  Tk uses the _IO_read_ptr and _IO_read_end fields directly. */
  char* _IO_read_ptr;	/* Current read pointer */
  char* _IO_read_end;	/* End of get area. */
  char* _IO_read_base;	/* Start of putback+get area. */
  char* _IO_write_base;	/* Start of put area. */
  char* _IO_write_ptr;	/* Current put pointer. */
  char* _IO_write_end;	/* End of put area. */
  char* _IO_buf_base;	/* Start of reserve area. */
  char* _IO_buf_end;	/* End of reserve area. */
  /* The following fields are used to support backing up and undo. */
  char *_IO_save_base; /* Pointer to start of non-current get area. */
  char *_IO_backup_base;  /* Pointer to first valid character of backup area */
  char *_IO_save_end; /* Pointer to end of non-current get area. */

  struct _IO_marker *_markers;

  struct _IO_FILE *_chain;

  int _fileno;
#if 0
  int _blksize;
#else
  int _flags2;
#endif
  _IO_off_t _old_offset; /* This used to be _offset but it's too small.  */

#define _