Linter 与code formatter之python 编程起手式

1. Linter 与code formatter

Linting and code formatting are essential practices in software development, particularly in Python, to maintain code quality, readability, and consistency. Let’s delve into their functions and how to use them in PyCharm when working on PyTorch neural network models.

Linting 和代码格式化是软件开发（尤其是 Python）中保持代码质量、可读性和一致性的基本实践。

1.1 Linter

Functions of a Linter:Linter 的功能：

1. Error Detection: Identifies syntactical errors and potential bugs in the code.错误检测：识别代码中的语法错误和潜在错误。
2. Code Quality: Ensures the code adheres to a set of predefined coding standards or best practices (e.g., PEP 8 for Python).代码质量：确保代码遵循一组预定义的编码标准或最佳实践（例如，Python 的 PEP 8）。
3. Code Smells: Detects patterns in the code that might indicate a problem, even if they are not actual errors (e.g., unused variables, improper naming conventions).代码气味：检测代码中可能指示问题的模式，即使它们不是实际错误（例如，未使用的变量、不正确的命名约定）。
4. Refactoring Suggestions: Provides recommendations for code improvements and optimizations.重构建议：提供代码改进和优化的建议。

Using a Linter in PyCharm:在 PyCharm 中使用 Linter：

1. Built-in Linter: PyCharm comes with built-in support for linters like Pylint and Flake8.内置 Linter：PyCharm 内置了对 Pylint 和 Flake8 等 linter 的支持。
2. Enabling Linter:
   • Go to File -> Settings (or PyCharm -> Preferences on macOS).转到 File -> Settings （或 macOS 上的 PyCharm -> Preferences ）。
   • Navigate to Editor -> Inspections.导航到 Editor -> Inspections 。
   • Enable the desired linter (e.g., Pylint, Flake8) and configure its settings.启用所需的 linter（例如 Pylint、Flake8）并配置其设置。
3. Running the Linter: The linter will automatically run as you write code, highlighting issues directly in the editor. You can also manually run the linter on the entire project or specific files by right-clicking on the project or file and selecting Run Code Inspections.运行 Linter：linter 将在您编写代码时自动运行，直接在编辑器中突出显示问题。您还可以通过右键单击项目或文件并选择 Run Code Inspections 来手动对整个项目或特定文件运行 linter。

1.2 Code Formatter

Functions of a Code Formatter:代码格式化程序的功能：

1. Consistent Formatting: Automatically formats code to adhere to a consistent style guide, such as PEP 8 for Python.一致的格式：自动格式化代码以遵循一致的风格指南，例如Python的PEP 8。
2. Improved Readability: Makes code easier to read and understand by enforcing consistent indentation, spacing, and line breaks.提高可读性：通过强制执行一致的缩进、间距和换行，使代码更易于阅读和理解。
3. Reduced Merge Conflicts: Consistent formatting reduces the likelihood of merge conflicts in version control systems caused by differing code styles.减少合并冲突：一致的格式减少了版本控制系统中因不同代码风格引起的合并冲突的可能性。

Using a Code Formatter in PyCharm:在 PyCharm 中使用代码格式化程序：

1. Built-in Formatter: PyCharm has a built-in code formatter that adheres to PEP 8 standards.内置格式化程序：PyCharm 具有符合 PEP 8 标准的内置代码格式化程序。
2. Configuring Formatter:配置格式化程序：
   • Go to File -> Settings (or P