DNS Query Code in C with linux sockets_dns query in c-CSDN博客

The Linux version has some changes. On Linux the dns server ips are stored in a file called /etc/resolv.conf.
So the get_dns_servers function will open this file and pickup the dns server ip addresses.

A typical /etc/resolv.conf file can look like this :

# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 208.67.222.222
nameserver 208.67.220.220

So the lines starting with nameserver can be picked up and broken into parts using strtok.

Rest of the code is very much similar to the winsock version. A udp socket is used to send a UDP packet and the response is analysed.

Code :

//DNS
 Query Program on Linux

//Author
 : Silver Moon (m00n.silv3r@gmail.com)

//Dated
 : 29/4/2009

//Header
 Files

#include<stdio.h>
 //printf

#include<string.h>   
 //strlen

#include<stdlib.h>   
 //malloc

#include<sys/socket.h>   
 //you know what this is for

#include<arpa/inet.h>
 //inet_addr , inet_ntoa , ntohs etc

#include<netinet/in.h>

#include<unistd.h>   
 //getpid

//List
 of DNS Servers registered on the system

char

dns_servers[10][100];

int

dns_server_count = 0;

//Types
 of DNS resource records :)

#define
 T_A 1 //Ipv4 address

#define
 T_NS 2 //Nameserver

#define
 T_CNAME 5 // canonical name

#define
 T_SOA 6 /* start of authority zone */

#define
 T_PTR 12 /* domain name pointer */

#define
 T_MX 15 //Mail server

//Function
 Prototypes

void

ngethostbyname (unsigned char*
 , int);

void

ChangetoDnsNameFormat (unsigned char*,unsigned
char*);

unsigned
char*
 ReadName (unsigned char*,unsigned
char*,int*);

void

get_dns_servers();

//DNS
 header structure

struct

DNS_HEADER

{

    unsigned
short

id; //
 identification number

    unsigned
char

rd :1; //
 recursion desired

    unsigned
char

tc :1; //
 truncated message

    unsigned
char

aa :1; //
 authoritive answer

    unsigned
char

opcode :4; //
 purpose of message

    unsigned
char

qr :1; //
 query/response flag

    unsigned
char

rcode :4; //
 response code

    unsigned
char

cd :1; //
 checking disabled

    unsigned
char

ad :1; //
 authenticated data

    unsigned
char

z :1; //
 its z! reserved

    unsigned
char

ra :1; //
 recursion available

    unsigned
short

q_count; //
 number of question entries

    unsigned
short

ans_count; //
 number of answer entries

    unsigned
short

auth_count; //
 number of authority entries

    unsigned
short

add_count; //
 number of resource entries

};

//Constant
 sized fields of query structure

struct

QUESTION

{

    unsigned
short

qtype;

    unsigned
short

qclass;

};

//Constant
 sized fields of the resource record structure

#pragma
 pack(push, 1)

struct

R_DATA

{

    unsigned
short

type;

    unsigned
short

_class;

    unsigned
int

ttl;

    unsigned
short

data_len;

};

#pragma
 pack(pop)

//Pointers
 to resource record contents

struct

RES_RECORD

{

    unsigned
char

*name;

    struct

R_DATA *resource;

    unsigned
char

*rdata;

};

//Structure
 of a Query

typedef

struct

{

    unsigned
char

*name;

    struct

QUESTION *ques;

}
 QUERY;

int

main( int

argc , char

*argv[])

{

    unsigned
char

hostname[100];

    //Get
 the DNS servers from the resolv.conf file

    get_dns_servers();

    //Get
 the hostname from the terminal

    printf("Enter
 Hostname to Lookup : ");

    scanf("%s"

, hostname);

    //Now
 get the ip of this hostname , A record

    ngethostbyname(hostname
 , T_A);

    return

0;

}

/*

 *
 Perform a DNS query by sending a packet

 *
 */

void

ngethostbyname(unsigned char

*host , int

query_type)

{

    unsigned
char

buf[65536],*qname,*reader;

    int

i , j , stop , s;

    struct

sockaddr_in a;

    struct

RES_RECORD answers[20],auth[20],addit[20]; //the
 replies from the DNS server

    struct

sockaddr_in dest;

    struct

DNS_HEADER *dns = NULL;

    struct

QUESTION *qinfo = NULL;

    printf("Resolving
 %s" 
, host);

    s
 = socket(AF_INET , SOCK_DGRAM , IPPROTO_UDP); //UDP
 packet for DNS queries

    dest.sin_family
 = AF_INET;

    dest.sin_port
 = htons(53);

    dest.sin_addr.s_addr
 = inet_addr(dns_servers[0]); //dns
 servers

    //Set
 the DNS structure to standard queries

    dns
 = (struct

DNS_HEADER *)&buf;

    dns->id
 = (unsigned short)
 htons(getpid());

    dns->qr
 = 0; //This
 is a query

    dns->opcode
 = 0; //This
 is a standard query

    dns->aa
 = 0; //Not
 Authoritative

    dns->tc
 = 0; //This
 message is not truncated

    dns->rd
 = 1; //Recursion
 Desired

    dns->ra
 = 0; //Recursion
 not available! hey we dont have it (lol)

    dns->z
 = 0;

    dns->ad
 = 0;

    dns->cd
 = 0;

    dns->rcode
 = 0;

    dns->q_count
 = htons(1); //we
 have only 1 question

    dns->ans_count
 = 0;

    dns->auth_count
 = 0;

    dns->add_count
 = 0;

    //point
 to the query portion

    qname
 =(unsigned char*)&buf[sizeof(struct

DNS_HEADER)];

    ChangetoDnsNameFormat(qname
 , host);

    qinfo
 =(struct

QUESTION*)&buf[sizeof(struct

DNS_HEADER) + (strlen((const

char*)qname)
 + 1)]; //fill
 it

    qinfo->qtype
 = htons( query_type ); //type
 of the query , A , MX , CNAME , NS etc

    qinfo->qclass
 = htons(1); //its
 internet (lol)

    printf("\nSending
 Packet...");

    if(
 sendto(s,(char*)buf,sizeof(struct

DNS_HEADER) + (strlen((const

char*)qname)+1)
 + sizeof(struct

QUESTION),0,(struct

sockaddr*)&dest,sizeof(dest))
 < 0)

    {

        perror("sendto
 failed");

    }

    printf("Done");

    //Receive
 the answer

    i
 = sizeof

dest;

    printf("\nReceiving
 answer...");

    if(recvfrom
 (s,(char*)buf
 , 65536 , 0 , (struct

sockaddr*)&dest , (socklen_t*)&i ) < 0)

    {

        perror("recvfrom
 failed");

    }

    printf("Done");

    dns
 = (struct

DNS_HEADER*) buf;

    //move
 ahead of the dns header and the query field

    reader
 = &buf[sizeof(struct

DNS_HEADER) + (strlen((const

char*)qname)+1)
 + sizeof(struct

QUESTION)];

    printf("\nThe
 response contains : ");

    printf("\n
 %d Questions.",ntohs(dns->q_count));

    printf("\n
 %d Answers.",ntohs(dns->ans_count));

    printf("\n
 %d Authoritative Servers.",ntohs(dns->auth_count));

    printf("\n
 %d Additional records.\n\n",ntohs(dns->add_count));

    //Start
 reading answers

    stop=0;

    for(i=0;i<ntohs(dns->ans_count);i++)

    {

        answers[i].name=ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);

        reader
 = reader + stop;

        answers[i].resource
 = (struct

R_DATA*)(reader);

        reader
 = reader + sizeof(struct

R_DATA);

        if(ntohs(answers[i].resource->type)
 == 1) //if
 its an ipv4 address

        {

            answers[i].rdata
 = (unsigned char*)malloc(ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len));

            for(j=0
 ; j<ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len) ; j++)

            {

                answers[i].rdata[j]=reader[j];

            }

            answers[i].rdata[ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len)]
 = '\0';

            reader
 = reader + ntohs(answers[i].resource->data_len);

        }

        else

        {

            answers[i].rdata
 = ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);

            reader
 = reader + stop;

        }

    }

    //read
 authorities

    for(i=0;i<ntohs(dns->auth_count);i++)

    {

        auth[i].name=ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);

        reader+=stop;

        auth[i].resource=(struct

R_DATA*)(reader);

        reader+=sizeof(struct

R_DATA);

        auth[i].rdata=ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);

        reader+=stop;

    }

    //read
 additional

    for(i=0;i<ntohs(dns->add_count);i++)

    {

        addit[i].name=ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);

        reader+=stop;

        addit[i].resource=(struct

R_DATA*)(reader);

        reader+=sizeof(struct

R_DATA);

        if(ntohs(addit[i].resource->type)==1)

        {

            addit[i].rdata
 = (unsigned char*)malloc(ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len));

            for(j=0;j<ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len);j++)

            addit[i].rdata[j]=reader[j];

            addit[i].rdata[ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len)]='\0';

            reader+=ntohs(addit[i].resource->data_len);

        }

        else

        {

            addit[i].rdata=ReadName(reader,buf,&stop);

            reader+=stop;

        }

    }

    //print
 answers

    printf("\nAnswer
 Records : %d \n" 
, ntohs(dns->ans_count) );

    for(i=0
 ; i < ntohs(dns->ans_count) ; i++)

    {

        printf("Name
 : %s ",answers[i].name);

        if(
 ntohs(answers[i].resource->type) == T_A) //IPv4
 address

        {

            long

*p;

            p=(long*)answers[i].rdata;

            a.sin_addr.s_addr=(*p);
//working
 without ntohl

            printf("has
 IPv4 address : %s",inet_ntoa(a.sin_addr));

        }

        if(ntohs(answers[i].resource->type)==5)

        {

            //Canonical
 name for an alias

            printf("has
 alias name : %s",answers[i].rdata);

        }

        printf("\n");

    }

    //print
 authorities

    printf("\nAuthoritive
 Records : %d \n" 
, ntohs(dns->auth_count) );

    for(
 i=0 ; i < ntohs(dns->auth_count) ; i++)

    {

        printf("Name
 : %s ",auth[i].name);

        if(ntohs(auth[i].resource->type)==2)

        {

            printf("has
 nameserver : %s",auth[i].rdata);

        }

        printf("\n");

    }

    //print
 additional resource records

    printf("\nAdditional
 Records : %d \n" 
, ntohs(dns->add_count) );

    for(i=0;
 i < ntohs(dns->add_count) ; i++)

    {

        printf("Name
 : %s ",addit[i].name);

        if(ntohs(addit[i].resource->type)==1)

        {

            long

*p;

            p=(long*)addit[i].rdata;

            a.sin_addr.s_addr=(*p);

            printf("has
 IPv4 address : %s",inet_ntoa(a.sin_addr));

        }

        printf("\n");

    }

    return;

}

/*

 *

 *
 */

u_char*
 ReadName(unsigned char*
 reader,unsigned char*
 buffer,int*
 count)

{

    unsigned
char

*name;

    unsigned
int

p=0,jumped=0,offset;

    int

i , j;

    *count
 = 1;

    name
 = (unsigned char*)malloc(256);

    name[0]='\0';

    //read
 the names in 3www6google3com format

    while(*reader!=0)

    {

        if(*reader>=192)

        {

            offset
 = (*reader)*256 + *(reader+1) - 49152; //49152
 = 11000000 00000000 ;)

            reader
 = buffer + offset - 1;

            jumped
 = 1; //we
 have jumped to another location so counting wont go up!

        }

        else

        {

            name[p++]=*reader;

        }

        reader
 = reader+1;

        if(jumped==0)

        {

            *count
 = *count + 1; //if
 we havent jumped to another location then we can count up

        }

    }

    name[p]='\0';
//string
 complete

    if(jumped==1)

    {

        *count
 = *count + 1; //number
 of steps we actually moved forward in the packet

    }

    //now
 convert 3www6google3com0 to www.google.com

    for(i=0;i<(int)strlen((const

char*)name);i++)

    {

        p=name[i];

        for(j=0;j<(int)p;j++)

        {

            name[i]=name[i+1];

            i=i+1;

        }

        name[i]='.';

    }

    name[i-1]='\0';
//remove
 the last dot

    return

name;

}

/*

 *
 Get the DNS servers from /etc/resolv.conf file on Linux

 *
 */

void

get_dns_servers()

{

    FILE

*fp;

    char

line[200] , *p;

    if((fp
 = fopen("/etc/resolv.conf"

, "r"))
 == NULL)

    {

        printf("Failed
 opening /etc/resolv.conf file \n");

    }

    while(fgets(line
 , 200 , fp))

    {

        if(line[0]
 == '#')

        {

            continue;

        }

        if(strncmp(line
 , "nameserver"

, 10) == 0)

        {

            p
 = strtok(line
 , "
 ");

            p
 = strtok(NULL
 , "
 ");

            //p
 now is the dns ip :)

            //????

        }

    }

    strcpy(dns_servers[0]
 , "208.67.222.222");

    strcpy(dns_servers[1]
 , "208.67.220.220");

}

/*

 *
 This will convert www.google.com to 3www6google3com 

 *
 got it :)

 *
 */

void

ChangetoDnsNameFormat(unsigned char*
 dns,unsigned char*
 host) 

{

    int

lock = 0 , i;

    strcat((char*)host,".");

    for(i
 = 0 ; i < strlen((char*)host)
 ; i++) 

    {

        if(host[i]=='.')

        {

            *dns++
 = i-lock;

            for(;lock<i;lock++)

            {

                *dns++=host[lock];

            }

            lock++;
//or
 lock=i+1;

        }

    }

    *dns++='\0';

}

Compile
$ gcc dns.c
Output
$ ./a.out 
Enter Hostname to Lookup : www.google.com
Resolving www.google.com
Sending Packet...Done
Receiving answer...Done
The response contains : 
 1 Questions.
 6 Answers.
 4 Authoritative Servers.
 4 Additional records.

Answer Records : 6 
Name : www.google.com has alias name : www.l.google.com
Name : www.l.google.com has IPv4 address : 74.125.235.16
Name : www.l.google.com has IPv4 address : 74.125.235.17
Name : www.l.google.com has IPv4 address : 74.125.235.18
Name : www.l.google.com has IPv4 address : 74.125.235.19
Name : www.l.google.com has IPv4 address : 74.125.235.20

Authoritive Records : 4 
Name : google.com has nameserver : ns2.google.com
Name : google.com has nameserver : ns1.google.com
Name : google.com has nameserver : ns3.google.com
Name : google.com has nameserver : ns4.google.com

Additional Records : 4 
Name : ns1.google.com has IPv4 address : 216.239.32.10
Name : ns2.google.com has IPv4 address : 216.239.34.10
Name : ns3.google.com has IPv4 address : 216.239.36.10
Name : ns4.google.com has IPv4 address : 216.239.38.10
The same code can be used to fetch different kinds of dns records like Nameserver , MX , CNAME , SOA etc.