五阶Bezier曲线根据参数u打断分成两段0-1的Bezier曲线的方法

五阶Bezier曲线根据参数u打断分成两段0-1的Bezier曲线的方法，通常指的是将一条完整的Bezier曲线在某个参数值u处分割成两条独立的Bezier曲线。这种操作在计算机图形学中非常有用，例如在动画路径规划、曲线编辑等场景中。

分割原理

对于一个n阶Bezier曲线，其控制点为P0​,P1​,...,Pn​，当我们在参数u处对其进行分割时，可以使用De Casteljau算法来计算分割后的两段曲线的控制点。De Casteljau算法是一种递归方法，用于计算Bezier曲线上任意点的位置，同时也可以用来进行曲线的分割。

C++ 实现

下面是一个具体的C++实现，展示如何根据参数u对五阶Bezier曲线进行分割：

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

struct Point3D {
    double x, y, z;
    Point3D operator+(const Point3D& other) const {
        return {x + other.x, y + other.y, z + other.z};
    }
    Point3D operator-(const Point3D& other) const {
        return {x - other.x, y - other.y, z - other.z};
    }
    Point3D operator*(double scalar) const {
        return {x * scalar, y * scalar, z * scalar};
    }
};

std::vector<Point3D> deCasteljau(const std::vector<Point3D>& controlPoints, double u) {
    int n = controlPoints.size() - 1; // Degree of the Bezier curve
    std::vector<std::vector<Point3D>> points(n + 1);
    
    // Initialize the first level with the original control points
    points[0] = controlPoints;
    
    // Apply De Casteljau's algorithm
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        points[i].resize(n + 1 - i);
        for (int j = 0; j <= n - i; ++j) {
            points[i][j] = points[i-1][j] * (1 - u) + points[i-1][j+1] * u;
        }
    }
    
    // Extract the control points for the two resulting Bezier curves
    std::vector<Point3D> leftCurve, rightCurve;
    for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {
        leftCurve.push_back(points[i][0]);
        rightCurve.push_back(points[n-i][i]);
    }
    
    // Combine the results: first the left curve, then the right curve
    leftCurve.insert(leftCurve.end(), rightCurve.begin(), rightCurve.end());
    return leftCurve;
}

int main() {
    // Example control points for a 5th-order Bezier curve
    std::vector<Point3D> controlPoints = {
        {0, 0, 0}, {1, 2, 0}, {2, 3, 0}, {3, 2, 0}, {4, 0, 0}, {5, 0, 0}
    };
    
    double u = 0.5; // Parameter at which to split the curve
    
    std::vector<Point3D> splitPoints = deCasteljau(controlPoints, u);
    
    std::cout << "Control points for the left segment:" << std::endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
        std::cout << "(" << splitPoints[i].x << ", " << splitPoints[i].y << ", " << splitPoints[i].z << ")" << std::endl;
    }
    
    std::cout << "\nControl points for the right segment:" << std::endl;
    for (int i = 6; i < 12; ++i) {
        std::cout << "(" << splitPoints[i].x << ", " << splitPoints[i].y << ", " << splitPoints[i].z << ")" << std::endl;
    }
    
    return 0;
}