（第一篇）Springcloud简介与工程搭建

原创 已于 2025-04-24 10:46:49 修改 · 897 阅读 · 16 ·
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文章标签：

#spring cloud #spring #后端

于 2025-04-24 10:22:56 首次发布

目录

一、简介

二、工程搭建

1、创建父工程microservicecloud

2、创建公共子模块microservicecloud-common

3、创建生产者子模块microservicecloud-provider-8001

4、创建消费者子模块microservicecloud-consumer-80

三、扩充：restTemplate

一、简介

1、介绍

        SpringCloud，基于SpringBoot提供了一套微服务解决方案，包括服务注册与发现，配置中心，全链路监控，服务网关，负载均衡，熔断器等组件，除了基于NetFlix的开源组件做高度抽象封装之外，还有一些选型中立的开源组件。 
        SpringCloud利用SpringBoot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发，为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具，包括配置管理、服务发现、断路器、路由、微代理、事件总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等等,它们都可以用SpringBoot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。

2、Springboot与Springcloud的关系

        SpringBoot专注于快速方便的开发单个个体微服务。
SpringCloud是关注全局的微服务协调整理治理框架，它将SpringBoot开发的一个个单体微服务整合并管理起来，为各个微服务之间提供，配置管理、服务发现、断路器、路由、微代理、事件总线、全局锁、决策竞选、分布式会话等等集成服务

二、工程搭建

1、创建父工程microservicecloud

（1）创建模块

（2）添加maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.hk.microservicedemo</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>8.0.31</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.31</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.0</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

</project>

2、创建公共子模块microservicecloud-common

（1）创建模块

（2）添加maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.hk.microservicedemo</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>microservicecloud-common</artifactId>

    <dependencies><!-- 按需求添加，如果父类已经包含了，可以不用写版本号 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

（3）新建部门实体

@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
@Accessors(chain=true)
public class Dept implements Serializable {

    //  主键
    private Long  deptno;

    //  部门名称
    private String  dname;

    //  来自那个数据库，因为微服务架构可以一个服务对应一个数据库，同一个信息被存储到不同数据库
    private String  db_source;

    public Dept(String dname)
    {
        super();
        this.dname = dname;
    }
}

3、创建生产者子模块microservicecloud-provider-8001

（1）创建模块

（2）添加maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.hk.microservicedemo</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-8001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的公共模块 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.hk.microservicedemo</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservicecloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

（3）添加配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 8001

mybatis:
  # mybatis配置文件所在路径
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml
  # 所有Entity别名类所在包
  type-aliases-package: com.hk.clouddemo.entities
  # mapper映射文件
  mapper-locations:
    - classpath:mapper/**/*.xml

spring:
  application:
    name: microservicecloud-dept
  datasource:
    # 当前数据源操作类型
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    # mysql驱动包
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    # 数据库名称
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hk-cloud-demo
    username: root
    password: root
    dbcp2:
      # 数据库连接池的最小维持连接数
      min-idle: 5
      # 初始化连接数
      initial-size: 5
      # 最大连接数
      max-total: 5
      # 等待连接获取的最大超时时间
      max-wait-millis: 200

（4）添加mybatis配置文件mybatis.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<configuration>

    <settings>
        <!-- 二级缓存开启 -->
        <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
    </settings>

</configuration>

（5）添加数据库数据

数据库数据

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudDB01;
CREATE DATABASE cloudDB01 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
USE cloudDB01;
CREATE TABLE dept
(
  deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  dname VARCHAR(60),
  db_source   VARCHAR(60)
);
 
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('开发部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('财务部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市场部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('运维部',DATABASE());
 
SELECT * FROM dept;

（6）添加mapper层dao

@Mapper
public interface DeptDao {

    public boolean addDept(Dept dept);

    public Dept findById(Long id);

    public List<Dept> findAll();
}

（7）添加mapper映射文件

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.hk.clouddemo.dao.DeptDao">

    <select id="findById" resultType="com.hk.clouddemo.entities.Dept" parameterType="Long">
       select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno=#{deptno};
    </select>

    <select id="findAll" resultType="com.hk.clouddemo.entities.Dept">
        select deptno,dname,db_source from dept;
    </select>

    <insert id="addDept" parameterType="com.hk.clouddemo.entities.Dept">
        INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES(#{dname},DATABASE());
    </insert>

</mapper>

 （8）添加service层接口和实现

接口

public interface DeptService {

    // 添加部门
    public boolean add(Dept dept);

    // 根据id获取部门
    public Dept get(Long id);

    // 获取部门列表
    public List<Dept> list();
}

 实现

@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService {

    @Autowired
    private DeptDao dao ;

    @Override
    public boolean add(Dept dept) {
        return dao.addDept(dept);
    }

    @Override
    public Dept get(Long id) {
        return dao.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Dept> list() {
        return dao.findAll();
    }
}

（9）添加Controller

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/dept")
public class DeptController {

  @Autowired
  private DeptService service;
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/add", method= RequestMethod.POST)
  public boolean add(@RequestBody Dept dept) {
   return service.add(dept);
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/get/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
   return service.get(id);
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/list",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  public List<Dept> list() {
   return service.list();
  }

}

 （10）添加启动类 

@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider8001_App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.class, args);
    }
}

 （11）测试

根据id查询

查询列表

 

4、创建消费者子模块microservicecloud-consumer-80

（1）创建模块

（2）添加Maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.hk.microservicedemo</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>microservicecloud-consumer-80</artifactId>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.hk.microservicedemo</groupId>
           <artifactId>microservicecloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

（3）添加配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 80

（4）添加RestTemplate配置类

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

（5）添加controller

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept")
public class DeptConsumerController {

    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
    
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept) {
         return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
         return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id, Dept.class);
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/list")
    public List<Dept> list() {
         return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list", List.class);
    }   
}

（6）添加启动类

@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer80_App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
    }
}

（7）测试

根据id查询

查询列表

三、扩充：restTemplate

1、介绍

        RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集。

2、说明

Api地址

restTemplate.postForObject("url地址", ”参数“, ”转换类型“);

参数说明：

        参数1：REST请求地址

        参数2：请求参数

        参数3：HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型

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