jstack详解

一、理论知识

Jstack的主要作用是打印线程当前（当前指的是执行命令的时刻）堆栈信息，它最常用的命令格式是

jstack [-l] <pid>

其中 -l 指的是 long listings，会打印出额外的锁信息，发生死锁时可以用jstack -l <pid> 来观察锁持有情况.

在实际使用中我们加上 -l 即可。
其中pid指的是进程id，进程id可以通过命令 ps -ef | grep java 来查看。

二、实践

我们先获取进程id（pid），在我的电脑的命令行输入

ps -ef | grep java

上述命令输出如下：

501 89439 88963   0 10:18下午 ??         0:00.19 /Users/jefferson/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/corretto-1.8.0_342/Contents/Home/bin/java...中间信息省略.../Users/jefferson/IdeaProjects/test-only-java/out/production/test-only-java test.design.chainofresponsibility.Application

可以得到pid是89439，接着使用 jstack -l 89439 查看,输出：

"C2 CompilerThread0" #6 daemon prio=9 os_prio=31 tid=0x00007f786c032000 nid=0x3a03 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Monitor Ctrl-Break" #5 daemon prio=5 os_prio=31 tid=0x00007f786b821000 nid=0x3803 runnable [0x000070000e4c9000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
	at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
	at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(SocketInputStream.java:116)
	at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:171)
	at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:141)
	at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
	at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
	at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
	- locked <0x00000007957016a8> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
	at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
	at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
	at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
	- locked <0x00000007957016a8> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
	at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2$1.run(AppMainV2.java:49)

"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=31 tid=0x00007f786a840000 nid=0x4303 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=31 tid=0x00007f786a827800 nid=0x3203 in Object.wait() [0x000070000e1bd000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
	at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
	- waiting on <0x0000000795589510> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
	at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:144)
	- locked <0x0000000795589510> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
	at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:165)
	at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:216)

"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=31 tid=0x00007f786a824800 nid=0x4c03 in Object.wait() [0x000070000e0ba000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
	at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
	- waiting on <0x0000000795587118> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
	at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
	at java.lang.ref.Reference.tryHandlePending(Reference.java:191)
	- locked <0x0000000795587118> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
	at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:153)

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=31 tid=0x00007f786b80c000 nid=0x2803 waiting on condition [0x000070000d69c000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
	at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
	at test.design.chainofresponsibility.Application.main(Application.java:9)

需要注意的是 blocked、wating、TIMED_WATING  这 3种状态。

三、误区

有些人以为jstack可以定位大部分问题，其实这个是做不到。