Linux驱动之信号量、读写信号量

信号量：

P/V原语

P：如果信号量>0，递减信号量，操作继续，否则睡眠等待信号量>0

V：递增信号量，若递增的信号量>0，则唤醒进程

/* Please don't access any members of this structure directly */
struct semaphore {
	spinlock_t		lock;
	unsigned int		count;
	struct list_head	wait_list;
};

使用自旋锁对count进行修改。

A、初始化

static DECLARE_SEMAPHORE_GENERIC(name, count);
static DECLARE_MUTEX(name);

seam_init(sem, count);
init_MUTEX(sem);
init_MUTEX_LOCKED(struct semaphore *)

B、递减

/**
 * down - acquire the semaphore
 * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
 *
 * Acquires the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to acquire the
 * semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep until the
 * semaphore is released.
 *
 * Use of this function is deprecated, please use down_interruptible() or
 * down_killable() instead.
 */
void down(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
		sem->count--;
	else
		__down(sem);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
}

/**
 * down_interruptible - acquire the semaphore unless interrupted
 * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
 *
 * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
 * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
 * If the sleep is interrupted by a signal, this function will return -EINTR.
 * If the semaphore is successfully acquired, this function returns 0.
 */
int down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int result = 0;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
		sem->count--;
	else
		result = __down_interruptible(sem);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);

	return result;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_interruptible);

/**
 * down_killable - acquire the semaphore unless killed
 * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
 *
 * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
 * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
 * If the sleep is interrupted by a fatal signal, this function will return
 * -EINTR.  If the semaphore is successfully acquired, this function returns
 * 0.
 */
int down_killable(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int result = 0;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
		sem->count--;
	else
		result = __down_killable(sem);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);

	return result;
}

/**
 * down_trylock - try to acquire the semaphore, without waiting
 * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
 *
 * Try to acquire the semaphore atomically.  Returns 0 if the mutex has
 * been acquired successfully or 1 if it it cannot be acquired.
 *
 * NOTE: This return value is inverted from both spin_trylock and
 * mutex_trylock!  Be careful about this when converting code.
 *
 * Unlike mutex_trylock, this function can be used from interrupt context,
 * and the semaphore can be released by any task or interrupt.
 */
int down_trylock(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int count;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
	count = sem->count - 1;
	if (likely(count >= 0))
		sem->count = count;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);

	return (count < 0);
}

B、递增

/**
 * up - release the semaphore
 * @sem: the semaphore to release
 *
 * Release the semaphore.  Unlike mutexes, up() may be called from any
 * context and even by tasks which have never called down().
 */
void up(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
	if (likely(list_empty(&sem->wait_list)))
		sem->count++;
	else
		__up(sem);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
}

读写信号量：

读写信号量的引入和读写自旋锁一样，也有写饥饿的问题

/*
 * the rw-semaphore definition
 * - if activity is 0 then there are no active readers or writers
 * - if activity is +ve then that is the number of active readers
 * - if activity is -1 then there is one active writer
 * - if wait_list is not empty, then there are processes waiting for the semaphore
 */
struct rw_semaphore {
	__s32			activity;
	spinlock_t		wait_lock;
	struct list_head	wait_list;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
	struct lockdep_map dep_map;
#endif
};

A、声明

static DECLARE_RWSEM(rwsem_name);

static struct rw_semaphore rw_sem；
init_rwsem(&rw_sem);

B、操作

/*
 * lock for reading
 */
void __sched down_read(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	might_sleep();
	rwsem_acquire_read(&sem->dep_map, 0, 0, _RET_IP_);

	LOCK_CONTENDED(sem, __down_read_trylock, __down_read);
}

/*
 * trylock for reading -- returns 1 if successful, 0 if contention
 */
int down_read_trylock(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	int ret = __down_read_trylock(sem);

	if (ret == 1)
		rwsem_acquire_read(&sem->dep_map, 0, 1, _RET_IP_);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * lock for writing
 */
void __sched down_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	might_sleep();
	rwsem_acquire(&sem->dep_map, 0, 0, _RET_IP_);

	LOCK_CONTENDED(sem, __down_write_trylock, __down_write);
}

/*
 * trylock for writing -- returns 1 if successful, 0 if contention
 */
int down_write_trylock(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	int ret = __down_write_trylock(sem);

	if (ret == 1)
		rwsem_acquire(&sem->dep_map, 0, 1, _RET_IP_);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * release a read lock
 */
void up_read(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	rwsem_release(&sem->dep_map, 1, _RET_IP_);

	__up_read(sem);
}

/*
 * release a write lock
 */
void up_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	rwsem_release(&sem->dep_map, 1, _RET_IP_);

	__up_write(sem);
}

/*
 * downgrade write lock to read lock
 */
void downgrade_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
	/*
	 * lockdep: a downgraded write will live on as a write
	 * dependency.
	 */
	__downgrade_write(sem);
}

一般来说，在非SMP不要使用自旋锁，在中断上下文中使用自旋锁。若需要睡眠使用信号量