简单了解Spring框架—DI依赖注入_ring的入门程序,初步理解什么是di(依赖注入)-CSDN博客

本文详细介绍了Spring框架中依赖注入的三种主要方式：set注入、构造器注入以及p和c命名空间注入。通过具体实例，展示了不同类型对象的注入方法，包括基本类型、复杂类型如数组、List、Map、Set等。

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我们将实体类放入Spring容器中时,需要给类的属性赋值,如何赋值呢？

方式1. set方式注入(无参构造器+set方法)

实体类如下实体类中要有无参构造器(没有构造器默认为无参构造器)和每个属性的set方法

package com.song.pojo;

import java.util.*;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbies;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;
    public Student(){
        
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }

    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbies=" + hobbies +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }
}

注入方式如下不同类型的对象注入的方式大同小异

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
    <bean id="address" class="com.qau.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="青岛"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.qau.pojo.Student">
        <!--普通注入-->
        <property name="name" value="zks"/>
        <!--Bean注入,引入一个bean-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>
        <!--数组注入-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>西游记</value>
                <value>三国演义</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <!--List注入-->
        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>打游戏</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <!--Map集合注入-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="123456"/>
                <entry key="银行卡" value="123456753"/>
            </map>
        </property>
        <!--Set集合注入-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>LOL</value>
                <value>COC</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <!--null空值注入-->
        <property name="wife">
            <null></null>
        </property>
        <!--Properties注入-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">20170202223</prop>
                <prop key="年龄">21</prop>
                <prop key="身高">179cm</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

2.方式2 构造器注入(有参构造器)

实体类如下实体类中要有带有参数的构造器 ,这种方法实体类中不需要set方法

package com.song.pojo;

public class User {
    private String userName;
    private int userAge;

    public User(String userName, int userAge) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.userAge = userAge;
    }

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("用户的名字 "+userName+"用户的年龄 "+userAge);
    }
}

注入方式如下注意name的名字要与构造器中参数名相同

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
    <bean id="user" class="com.qau.pojo.User" >
        <constructor-arg name="userName" value="zks"/>
        <constructor-arg name="userAge" value="21"/>
    </bean>
    
    <!--  
     此外构造器方法还有下标赋值和通过类型创建,此处不再详述
    -->
</beans>

3.p命名空间和c命名空间

p命名空间要求实体类中要有无参构造器和set方法,此方法就是方法1的变式罢了,只不过要在容器中加一句

xmlns:p=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/p”
实体类如下

package com.song.pojo;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

配置如下注意p使用的位置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--   p命名空间注入 可以直接注入属性的值-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.qau.pojo.User" p:name="zks" p:age="21"></bean>
</beans>

c命名空间要求实体类中要有有参构造器,此方法就是方法2的变式罢了,只不过要在容器中加一句

xmlns:c=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/c”
实体类如下

package com.song.pojo;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public User(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

配置如下注意c使用的位置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--   c命名空间注入  需要实体类有参构造器-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.qau.pojo.User" c:name="you" c:age="21"/>
</beans>