Java网络编程

socket通信

socket通讯主要基于两种协议：一种是TCP协议，一种是UDP协议

1.TCP

TCP通信：tcp属于全双工连接，可以保证数据传输的安全性。一般分为服务器端和客户端。使用TCP协议连接所传递的数据不会丢失。通常使用在发短信，文件传输，发邮件等

测试代码：

服务器端：

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpFileServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建服务器
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
        //监听服务器
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
        //创建输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //创建文件输出流
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\LianXi\\Java\\demoLX\\src\\com\\demo1\\receive.png"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }


        //通知服务器我已经发送完毕
        OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write("我已经接收完毕".getBytes());

        outputStream.close();
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

客户端：

package com.demo1;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TcpFile {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建客户端
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 8888);
        //创建输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //创建文件输出流
        FileInputStream fos = new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\LianXi\\Java\\demoLX\\src\\com\\demo1\\aaa.png"));
        int len=0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        while((len=fos.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //本次传输以及完成
        socket.shutdownOutput();

        //接收
        InputStream stream = socket.getInputStream();
        //内存转化
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int len1;
        byte[] buffer1 = new byte[1024];
        while((len1=stream.read(buffer1))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer1,0,len1);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        baos.close();
        stream.close();

        os.close();
        socket.close();

    }
}

2.UDP

UDP是基于无连接的协议，不能保证数据的可靠性。

下面是用UDP实现多线程聊天室。

TalkSend

package com.demo2;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{

    DatagramSocket socket=null;
    InetAddress localhost=null;
    BufferedReader reader=null;

    private int fromPost;
    private String toIp;
    private int toPost;

    public TalkSend(int fromPost,String toIp,int toPost) {
        this.fromPost=fromPost;
        this.toIp=toIp;
        this.toPost=toPost;


        try {
            //建立一个socket连接
            socket = new DatagramSocket();
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){

            String str= null;
            try {
                str = reader.readLine();
                //封装成包,参数:数据，数据起始长度，地址，端口号
                DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(str.getBytes(),0,str.getBytes().length,
                        new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp,this.toPost));
                //发送包
                socket.send(datagramPacket);

                if (str.equals("by")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }


        }

        socket.close();
    }
}

TalkReceive

package com.demo2;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{

    private int port;
    private String MessFrom;
    DatagramSocket socket=null;

    public TalkReceive(int port,String MessFrom) {
        this.MessFrom=MessFrom;
        this.port=port;
        //创建socket对象
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        try {
            //监听数据
            while(true){
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
                //接收数据
                socket.receive(packet);
                String str=new String(packet.getData()).trim();
                System.out.println(MessFrom+":"+str);

                if (str.equals("by")){
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        socket.close();
    }
}

TalkStudent

package com.demo2;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"老师")).start();
    }
}

TalkTeacher

package com.demo2;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"学生")).start();

    }
}

放在同一目录下运行TalkStudent和TalkTeacher两个文件

运行结果：

3.TCP和UDP的区别：

TCP/UDP协议更深层次的理解，三次握手，四次挥手等可以参考这篇文章：TCP/UDP协议

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