jar包运行及日志

第一章 JAR包基础与创建

1.1 JAR包结构解析

JAR(Java Archive)文件本质上是基于ZIP格式的打包文件，包含：

• 编译后的.class文件
• 资源文件(如配置文件、图片等)
• META-INF/MANIFEST.MF清单文件

// 示例项目结构
src/
├── main/
│   ├── java/
│   │   └── com/
│   │       └── example/
│   │           └── App.java
│   └── resources/
│       └── config.properties
 

1.2 使用Maven打包

pom.xml

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <archive>
            <manifest>
              <mainClass>com.example.App</mainClass>
            </manifest>
          </archive>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

通过mvn package命令生成可执行JAR包，包含主类配置信息。

第二章 JAR包运行方式

2.1 基础运行命令

# 运行普通JAR包（指定主类） java -cp my-app.jar com.example.App

# 运行可执行JAR（包含Main-Class） java -jar my-app.jar

# 带参数运行 java -jar my-app.jar arg1 arg2

2.2 运行时配置

# 内存配置 java -Xms256m -Xmx1024m -jar my-app.jar

# 系统属性设置 java -Dconfig.path=/etc/myapp/config.properties -jar my-app.jar

# 调试模式 java -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=5005 -jar my-app.jar

第三章 日志系统集成

3.1 Log4j2配置示例

log4j2.xml

xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration status="WARN">
    <Appenders>
        <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
            <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
        </Console>
        <File name="File" fileName="logs/app.log">
            <PatternLayout pattern="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
        </File>
        <RollingFile name="RollingFile" fileName="logs/app.log"
                     filePattern="logs/$${date:yyyy-MM}/app-%d{MM-dd-yyyy}-%i.log.gz">
            <PatternLayout pattern="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
            <Policies>
                <TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy interval="1" modulate="true"/>
                <SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy size="100 MB"/>
            </Policies>
            <DefaultRolloverStrategy max="10"/>
        </RollingFile>
    </Appenders>
    <Loggers>
        <Root level="info">
            <AppenderRef ref="Console"/>
            <AppenderRef ref="RollingFile"/>
        </Root>
        <Logger name="com.example" level="debug" additivity="false">
            <AppenderRef ref="File"/>
        </Logger>
    </Loggers>
</Configuration>

已完成

3.2 SLF4J+Logback配置

logback.xml

<configuration>
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    
    <appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>logs/application.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>logs/archived/application-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
                class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>100MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
        <appender-ref ref="FILE" />
    </root>
</configuration>

已完成

第四章 高级运行管理

4.1 Spring Boot JAR运行

# 标准运行 java -jar spring-boot-app.jar

# 指定Profile java -Dspring.profiles.active=prod -jar spring-boot-app.jar

# 外部配置覆盖 java -jar spring-boot-app.jar --server.port=8081

# 调试模式 java -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:server=y,transport=dt_socket,address=5005,suspend=n -jar spring-boot-app.jar

4.2 服务化运行脚本

run.sh

#!/bin/bash

JAR_NAME="my-app.jar"
JAVA_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx1024m -XX:+UseG1GC"
LOG_DIR="./logs"
PID_FILE="$LOG_DIR/app.pid"

mkdir -p $LOG_DIR

start() {
    if [ -f $PID_FILE ]; then
        echo "Application is already running"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    nohup java $JAVA_OPTS -jar $JAR_NAME >> $LOG_DIR/console.log 2>&1 &
    echo $! > $PID_FILE
    echo "Application started with PID $(cat $PID_FILE)"
}

stop() {
    if [ ! -f $PID_FILE ]; then
        echo "Application is not running"
        exit 1
    fi
    
    kill $(cat $PID_FILE)
    rm $PID_FILE
    echo "Application stopped"
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        start
        ;;
    stop)
        stop
        ;;
    restart)
        stop
        start
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

已完成

第五章 日志分析与监控

5.1 日志查询命令

# 实时查看日志 tail -f logs/app.log

# 查找错误日志 grep "ERROR" logs/app.log

# 按时间范围查询 sed -n '/2023-05-01 10:00/,/2023-05-01 11:00/p' logs/app.log

# 统计错误次数 grep -c "ERROR" logs/app.log

5.2 ELK日志收集配置

logstash.conf

input {
    file {
        path => "/path/to/your/logs/app.log"
        start_position => "beginning"
        sincedb_path => "/dev/null"
    }
}

filter {
    grok {
        match => { "message" => "%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} \[%{DATA:thread}\] %{LOGLEVEL:loglevel} %{DATA:logger} - %{GREEDYDATA:message}" }
    }
    date {
        match => [ "timestamp", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS" ]
        target => "@timestamp"
    }
}

output {
    elasticsearch {
        hosts => ["localhost:9200"]
        index => "app-logs-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }
    stdout {
        codec => rubydebug
    }
}

已完成

第六章 实战案例

6.1 多模块项目打包

pom.xml

<project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>parent-project</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
    <modules>
        <module>core</module>
        <module>web</module>
    </modules>
    
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <descriptorRefs>
                        <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                    </descriptorRefs>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.example.MainApp</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

已完成

6.2 自定义日志处理器

CustomLogger.java

 org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class CustomLogger {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomLogger.class);
    
    public void processBusiness() {
        logger.trace("Detailed trace information");
        logger.debug("Debug level information");
        logger.info("Business process started");
        
        try {
            // 业务逻辑
            logger.info("Processing item: {}", 123);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Error processing business", e);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        
        logger.info("Business process completed");
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CustomLogger app = new CustomLogger();
        app.processBusiness();
    }
}