编程基础（二十五）：C++pair

pair

template <class T1, class T2> struct pair;
Pair of values
This class couples together a pair of values, which may be of different types (T1 and T2). The individual values can be accessed through its public members first and second.

Pairs are a particular case of tuple.

#include<utility>

// pair::pair example
#include <utility>      // std::pair, std::make_pair
#include <string>       // std::string
#include <iostream>     // std::cout

int main () {
  std::pair <std::string,double> product1;                     // default constructor
  std::pair <std::string,double> product2 ("tomatoes",2.30);   // value init
  std::pair <std::string,double> product3 (product2);          // copy constructor

  product1 = std::make_pair(std::string("lightbulbs"),0.99);   // using make_pair (move)

  product2.first = "shoes";                  // the type of first is string
  product2.second = 39.90;                   // the type of second is double

  std::cout << "The price of " << product1.first << " is $" << product1.second << '\n';
  std::cout << "The price of " << product2.first << " is $" << product2.second << '\n';
  std::cout << "The price of " << product3.first << " is $" << product3.second << '\n';
  return 0;
}

The price of lightbulbs is $0.99
The price of shoes is $39.9
The price of tomatoes is $2.3

// pair::operator= example
#include <utility>      // std::pair, std::make_pair
#include <string>       // std::string
#include <iostream>     // std::cout

int main () {
  std::pair <std::string,int> planet, homeplanet;

  planet = std::make_pair("Earth",6371);

  homeplanet = planet;

  std::cout << "Home planet: " << homeplanet.first << '\n';
  std::cout << "Planet size: " << homeplanet.second << '\n';
  return 0;
}